FOR A POLITICAL REVOLUTION TO BEGIN…

There must be the 5 As

1. At least two opposing sides 2. Access to weapons 3. Aims expressed in a slogan 4. Accomplished leaders 5. Ailments present socially,

economically, and politically

How does this fit from what you know of the American Revolution?

For a Revolution to be successful

The aims of the Revolution need to be defined and propagandized.

The leaders must have a social and educational background that allows them to hold the subsequent government together.

They must be able to produce a framework and a coalition for a new government.

The degree of the opposition can't be too great The problems that caused the revolution to occur must

be resolved.

How does this fit with what you know of the American

Revolution?

The political spectrum (TRADITIONAL)

Extreme

Extreme Liberal Moderate

Conservative

The Political Spectrum (in reality)

Moderate

Liberal Conservative.

EXTREME

The French Revolution

1. Monarchy6. Emperor

for Life

2. Moderate Phase of the Revolution – Changes begin

3. New Enlightened forms of government

5. Reign of Terror

4. Murder of the King

The French Revolution- Origins The French

Revolution1. The French

Revolution, which occurred in the 1780’s and 90’s was the overthrow of the monarchy.

2. It greatly changed the Western world by influencing the formation of Republican Governments.

The French Revolution- Origins Factors which led to the French

Revolution 1. Enlightenment ideas of liberty,

equality, and democracy. 2. Heavy taxation on the commoners but

not the nobility 3. Absolutism’s total control of the

people 4. The extreme spending of the

Bourbons 5. Famine in the 1780’s 6. The Estate System

Causes of the French Revolution!

The French Revolution- Origins

The Estate SystemThe First Estate• The Church and Church Leaders

The Second Estate• The Kings and Nobility

The Third Estate• Merchants, Townspeople, and Peasants• Most of the Population

Estates

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes: "What is the Third Estate?

Read and Annotate Answer questions (HW)

The French Revolution- Origins

The Third Estate can be subdivided into three groups: The Bourgeoisie- Merchants, artisans, traders,

professionals. Many were educated and had read works of the Enlightenment.

The City Workers- Laborers, apprentices, and domestic servants.

The Peasants- Poor farmers. Made up 80% of France’s population. About half their income was taken in the form of taxes.

The French Revolution- Origins The Estate System

What does this cartoon mean?

The French Revolution- Origins The Royal Family 1. When the Revolution

began, France was ruled by the Bourbon King Louis XVI and his wife Queen Marie Antoinette.

2. Louis was an ineffective ruler and his wife was a Habsburg.

3. Both were unpopular.

Clip… Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

The French Revolution- Origins Royal Spending- Despite debt, the

Royal Family spent lavishly on themselves. In fact, Marie Antoinette became known as “Madame Deficit” because of her expensive tastes.

The French Revolution- The Estates General of 1789 Estates General of

17891. By 1789, the French

Government was broke.

2. Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General at Versailles on March 5, 1789.

3. It was the first in 175 years.

4. He hoped to gain popular approval for a tax on the nobility.

The French Revolution- The Estates General of 1789 Rules of the Estates General:

Medieval rules stated that the Estates meet separately

Each Estate had one vote. The First and Second Estate could outvote the Third Estate (97 % of the population)

Representative from the Third Estate were educated Bourgeoisie

The French Revolution- The Estates General of 1789 The National

Assembly1. The Third Estate asked

that each delegate gets one vote.

2. This meant that the Third Estate could outvote the First and Second.

3. When they were denied, they decided to form the National Assembly which they declared was the true representatives of France.

The French Revolution- The Estates General of 1789 The Tennis Court

Oath 1. In response, the First

and Second Estates locked the Third Estate out of the Estates General.

2. So the delegates of the Third Estate broke into an indoor tennis court at Versailles.

3. There they pledged to make a new constitution.

The French Revolution: The Estates General of 1789 The Tennis Court Oath

The French Revolution- The Bastille The Storming of

the Bastille1. Rumors reached Paris

that the King would use force to stop the National Assembly.

2. A mob formed and stormed the Bastille—a French Prison and Armory.

3. They stole weapons and prepared to revolt against the king.

4. Seen as the beginning of the Revolution.

The French Revolution- The Bastille The Storming of the Bastille is seen

as the birth of the French Republic. Every July 14, the French celebrate Bastille Day which is like the Fourth of July.

The French Revolution- The Great Fear The Great Fear 1. Soon peasants began

to rebel in most French towns and cities.

2. Rumors began to fly that the nobles were building armies designed to destroy the uprising.

3. Mobs began to terrorize and burn down noble homes and manors.

The French Revolution- The Great Fear In October of 1789, a mob of mostly

women descended on Versailles demanding cheaper bread. They raided the Palace and the mob forced the royal family to return to Paris.

The French Revolution- The Reforms of the National Assembly In 1789, the National Assembly

adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This outlined the ideals of the Revolution and was inspired by the Enlightenment.

P-Source: Declaration of the Rights of Man

The French Revolution- Reforms of the National Assembly

"Liberté, égalité, fraternité"

The French Revolution- Reforms of the National Assembly The Assembly then took over the

Church and sold off its wealth to pay for Frances debt. The made the priesthood a state job.

Question: How could this create divisions in the Revolution?

The French Revolution- Reforms of the National Assembly In June of 1791, the royal family

attempted to escape to the Netherlands. They were caught and then placed under house arrest.

The French Revolution- Reforms of the National Assembly The Legislative

Assembly1. In September of

1791, the National Assembly created the Legislative Assembly.

2. This was the French version of Parliament.

3. In doing so they made the French government a constitutional monarchy.

The French Revolution- Factions

Factions of the Revolution outside of the Assembly Emigres- Nobles who fled to other

countries who attempted to use their influence to undo the Revolution

Sans Culottes- (without knee breeches) Poor workers who were not in the Assembly but sought to influence the new French Government through mob action.

The French Revolution- Factions The Sans Culottes

The French Revolution- Factions Emigres

The French Revolution- France at War France declares

War on Prussia and Austria

1. The monarchs of Europe hated the French Revolution.

2. They feared it would inspire revolutions in their countries.

3. When they demanded the restoration of Louis or else, France declared war on Prussia and Austria in April of 1792.

The French Revolution- France at War September

Massacres- 1792 1. Panic set in as Prussian

forces neared Paris.2. In response to Prussian

demands to restore the old order, mobs raided prisons and murdered the nobles in them.

3. Then the Legislative Assembly disposed the king—and created the new government the National Convention.

The French Revolution- Radicalism The panic caused by the war allowed

a radical group known as the Jacobins to take control of the convention.

The French Revolution- France at War The Jacobins called for the execution

of anyone who still supported the king. Louis XVI was put on trial. On January 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was executed.

The French Revolution- Radicalism The Execution of Louis XVI

The French Revolution- Radicalism The Execution of Marie Antoinette

The French Revolution- Radicalism The Guillotine- An

execution devise used by the French Revolutionaries. They regarded it as a humane execution (although quite gruesome) in comparison to the tortures committed by the monarchy.

The French Revolution- Radicalism Reading the Death of Jean Paul Marat

Jacques Louis David’s Death of Marat

The French Revolution- Radicalism In order to win the war against

Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain and the Netherlands, the National Convention ordered a draft which grew the French ranks of 800,000 including women.

The French Revolution- Radicalism The Reign of

Terror- Summer of 1793 to Summer of 1794.

1. In order to solidify control, the Jacobins restructured French society, including the removal of Sundays.

2. They further removed their enemies by using the Committee of Public Safety.

3. This committee found anyone who disagreed with the Jacobins and executed them.

The French Revolution- Radicalism The leader of the Jacobins was a man

named Maximilien Robespierre. From the Committee of Public Safety, he ruled France as a Dictator.

The French Revolution- Radicalism The End of the

Reign of Terror1. Fearing for their

own lives, Jacobin leaders turned on Robespierre.

2. On July 28, 1794, Robespierre was sent to the Guillotine.

3. The Reign of Terror was over.

The French Revolution- Radicalism The Execution of Maximilien

Robespierre

The French Revolution- Moderation The Directory- The Revolution

changed the government again. It placed most power in the hands of the a bicameral legislature which was composed of middle to upper class moderates.

The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon

Bonaparte1. Napoleon was a

Corsican born French artillery officer.

2. He had great success defending France from the invasion of European powers.

3. He became a hero when he won victories in Italy and invaded Egypt.

The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon’s Invasion of Egypt

The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon was so popular, that many

urged him to take power. In 1799, he returned from Egypt and conducted a Coup D'état.

Napoleon takes control from the Directory

The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon, a very skilled military

leader, then drove the allied forces out of France and negotiated a peace treaty in 1802.

The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Reforms of Napoleon:

Stabilized the economy and government spending through tax reforms and a national bank

Set up public schools called Lycees to train officials

By popular demand, he restored the Church

Set up universal law Code known as the Napoleonic Code

The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Despite the goals of the Revolution,

Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of France in 1804.

The French Revolution- Napoleon Builds and Empire Napoleon Lays

Siege to Europe1. Napoleon abandoned

his ambitions in the Americas and sold the remainder of his colonies the U.S.

2. He then decided to build an Empire in Europe.

3. The British, Russia, Austria, Prussia and Sweden united against him.

The French Revolution- Napoleon Builds and Empire The Louisiana Purchase

The French Revolution- Napoleon Builds and Empire Napoleon was able to defeat

everyone but Great Britain.

Napoleon’s Empire in 1812

The French Revolution- Napoleon Builds and Empire All lands under Napoleon’s Influence

by 1812.

The French Revolution- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Jacques Louis David’s Napoleon at St.

Bernard’s Pass

The French Revolution- Napoleons Mistakes The Continental

System1. Napoleon attempted

to destroy Great Britain by preventing it from trading with Continental Europe.

2. He attempted to blockade their ships.

3. In response, the British blockade ships from entering France.

The French Revolution- Napoleon’s Mistakes The Peninsular War 1. In 1808, Napoleon

invaded Spain. He placed his brother Joseph on the Spanish Throne.

2. For six years the Spanish led a guerilla campaign against the French.

3. Napoleon lost 300,000 men.

The French Revolution- Napoleon’s Mistakes Francisco de Goya’s Tres de Mayo

The French Revolution- Napoleon’s Mistakes The Russian

Invasion1. Napoleon’s greatest

mistake was his invasion of Russia in 1812.

2. He invaded with 420,000 men, but the Russians kept retreating.

3. As they retreated, they burned their crops and killed their live stocks.

4. Scorched Earth Policy.

The French Revolution- Napoleon’s Mistakes When Napoleon reached Moscow he

found it in flames.

The French Revolution- Napoleon’s Mistakes Napoleon was forced to retreat.

When the Russian winter hit, most of his men died of starvation and exposure. Only 10,000 made it home.

The French Revolution- Napoleon’s Mistakes Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and

Austria declared war on him, invaded France, and captured Napoleon. He was exiled to the Island of Elba. They put Louis XVI’s brother on the throne—Louis XVIII.

The French Revolution- Napoleon’s Mistakes The Island of Elba

The French Revolution- Napoleon’s Return The Hundred Days 1. Napoleon escaped

and landed in France on March 1, 1815.

2. He was greeted as a liberator and made emperor again.

3. He ruled for a Hundred Days, but the British and Prussians wanted him gone.

The French Revolution- Waterloo The Battle of Waterloo 1815-

Napoleon met the British and Prussian forces at Waterloo in Belgium. He was defeated and exiled to the island of St. Helena.

The French Revolution- Waterloo The Island of St. Helena

The French Revolution- The Congress of Vienna Reading- The Congress of Vienna