for earth's sake- an insight into environmental education

8/8/2019 For Earth's Sake- An Insight Into Environmental Education

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Biodiversity:

Who cares?


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Which do you like better?

A B


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A B


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A B


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A B


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A B



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A B



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A B



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What do you think biodiversitymeans?


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Bio =

BioBio diversitydiversityWhat does Bio mean?


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BioBio diversitydiversity

Dive r s ity = Va r ie ty

What does Diversity mean?


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Biodiversity is the variety of life on

Earth and the essentialinterdependence of all living things

Scientists have identified more than 2 million species. Tensof millions -- remain unknown

The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible bycomplex interactions among all living things includingmicroscopic species like algae and mites.


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There are 3 components of biodiversity

1 . Diversity of genesChihuahuas, beagles, and rottweilers are all dogsbutthey're not the same because their genes are different.

ChihuahuaChihuahua BeagleBeagle

RottweilersRottweilers


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Diversity of speciesDiversity of speciesFor example, monkeys, dragonflies, andFor example, monkeys, dragonflies, andmeadow beauties are all different species.meadow beauties are all different species.

Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow Beauty



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Variety of ecosystemsVariety of ecosystemsPrairies, Ponds, and tropical rain forests are allPrairies, Ponds, and tropical rain forests are allecosystems. Each one is different, with its own set of ecosystems. Each one is different, with its own set of species living in it.species living in it.

Paines Prairie

Hoh Rain ForestPond



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Biodiversity has Intrinsic Value

Intrinsic Value = Something that has value

in and of itself


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What do we get from biodiversity?

Oxygen

FoodClean Water

Medicine Aesthetics

Ideas


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Endemic Species of IndiaIndia has two Biodiversity Hot Spots andthus possesses a large number of endemic species.Indian Subcontinent has about 62%

endemic flora, restricted mainly toHimalayas, Khasi Hills and WesternGhats.Indian endemic flora includes Orchids andspecies like Sapria Himalayana, UvariaLirida, Nepenthes Khasiana, Pedicularis

perroter etc


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The Western Ghats are particularly rich in

amphibians and reptiles.About 62% amphibians and 50% lizardsare endemic to western ghats.Different species of Monitor Lizards(Varanus), Reticulated Python and IndianSalamandar and Viviparous Toad (Nectophryne) are some important speciesof our country.


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Should we be concerned aboutbiodiversity?

What we know:The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate

Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each

year.

when species of plants and animals go extinct, manyother species are affected .


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Endangered Species of IndiaRed Data Book published by IUCNincludes the list of endangered species of plants and animals.In India, nearly 450 plant species havebeen identified in the categories of endangered.Existence of 150 mammals and 150

species of birds is estimated to bethreatened while an unknown number of species of insects are endangered.


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Threats to biodiversity

Habitat destruction

PollutionSpecies Introductions

Global Climate ChangeExploitation


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Biodiversity LossDisrupting ecosystems

Half of the worlds tropical & temperate forests aregoneRate of deforestation is about an acre/second in tropicsHalf of wetlands are gone1/3rd of Mangroves are gone90% of predator fish are gone20% of coral are gone & 20% are threatened Speciesare disappearing 1000 times faster than before In 2006,

we lost a close relative, the Yangtze River freshwater dolphinIt is not the loss of a species but the loss of a genus


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Living things+ Nonliving things

ECOSYSTEM


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What is an ecosystem?

Ecosystem is a system of livingthings that interact with eachother and with the physical world .

A Biome is a collection of relatedecosystems.


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Ecosystem = an Ecological system;= A community and its physical environment

treated together as a functionalsystem.

An Ecosystem


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Living things inan ecosystem are

called aCOMMUNITY


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What makes ecosystems different?

Amount of water

Amount of sunlight

Typ e of soil

1

2

3


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However..

An ecosystem can be as large as theSahara Desert, or as small as a

puddle!!!Ecosystems are more than just theorganisms they contain.

Geography,weather,climate andgeologic factors also influence theinteractions within an ecosystem.


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Three members in every

community.

P roducers

C onsumers

Decom posers


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All energy in afood web comes

from the


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Balance

Ecosystems will fail if they do notremain in balance.

No community can carry moreorganisms than its food, water andshelter can accommodate.


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How do they stay balanced?

To succeed in an ecosystem, plantsand animals have special structures

and behaviors called adaptations.Ex) Chameleon

Polar Bear


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What causes ecosystems to change?

N atural causes:

Drought

Disease

Fire

Overpopulation

3

2

1

4


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What causes ecosystems to change?

C hanges caused b y humans:

Water pollution

Air pollution

Land pollution

Construction

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2

3

4


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H ow can humans help to prevent

changes in ecosystems?Use resources wisely

Laws that control pollution

Clean up litter

Keep rivers and lakes clean

1

2

3

4


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10/15/2010 41 2009 abcteach.com

NaturalResources:Vital and

Invaluable


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Forestry and Natural

Resources


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Natural ResourcesNatural resources are all those things withwhich we come in contact that can beused to perform any useful function.


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Examples include:

MineralEnergy SourcesForestFish and WildlifeWater Soil


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non-exhaustible, renewable, and

exhaustible natural resources.Non-exhaustible:natural resources that

can last forever regardless of humanactivity. They renew

themselvescontinuously.

surface water and air


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Renewable Resources

RenewableResources: naturalresources that can bereplaced by humanefforts.

I.e. forest, fish andwildlife


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Exhaustible Resources

ExhaustibleResources: naturalresources thatcannot be replacedor reproduced.

I.e. oil, mineralresources, and soil


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Fossil FuelsFossil fuels take millions of Fossil fuels take millions of years to form. They are theyears to form. They are theproduct of the fossilizedproduct of the fossilizedremains of dead plants andremains of dead plants andanimals that have beenanimals that have beenexposed to the heat andexposed to the heat andpressure deep within thepressure deep within theearths crust.earths crust. There are manyThere are many

types of fossil fuels, such astypes of fossil fuels, such aspetroleum (gasoline), naturalpetroleum (gasoline), naturalgas, and coal.gas, and coal.


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Fossil FuelsFossil fuels are arguablyFossil fuels are arguablyone of the most valuableone of the most valuablenatural resources innatural resources inmodern times. It ismodern times. It isestimated thatestimated that 86 percent of 86 percent of the worlds energy comesthe worlds energy comesdirectly from burning fossildirectly from burning fossilfuels.fuels. Fossil fuels are theFossil fuels are thesource of energy for almostsource of energy for almostevery machine, includingevery machine, includingthe generators that producethe generators that produceelectric energy.electric energy.


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Fossil FuelsBecause fossil fuels take soBecause fossil fuels take solong to form, they are beinglong to form, they are beingconsumed faster than theyconsumed faster than theycan be produced.can be produced. FossilFossil

fuels are a major contributor fuels are a major contributor to air pollutionto air pollution becausebecausewhen they are burned theywhen they are burned theyrelease many dangerousrelease many dangerousgases such asgases such as nitrogennitrogendioxide, methane, anddioxide, methane, andcarbon dioxide.carbon dioxide.


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Solar

EnergyThe sun is the closestThe sun is the closeststar to Earth. It bringsstar to Earth. It bringsheat and light to theheat and light to theworld. Some areas of world. Some areas of the world, such asthe world, such asthose closest to thethose closest to theequator, have moreequator, have moresun than others.sun than others.


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Solar Energy

The sun shines naturallyThe sun shines naturallybut it is not affected bybut it is not affected byhuman activity. It cannothuman activity. It cannotbe used up. H owever, itsbe used up. H owever, its

intensity varies with theintensity varies with theseasons, and it is notseasons, and it is notavailable at night.available at night.


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Solar EnergyThe suns rays are usedThe suns rays are usedfor energy by organismsfor energy by organismsthat undergothat undergophotosynthesis. Nearlyphotosynthesis. Nearlyevery organism on theevery organism on theplanet gets energyplanet gets energythrough photosynthesis,through photosynthesis,directly or indirectly.directly or indirectly.

There are also ways thatThere are also ways thatpeople can utilize thepeople can utilize theenergy that the sunenergy that the sunprovides.provides.


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Solar

EnergyWe can use solar We can use solar power in simplepower in simple

(facing the sun to get(facing the sun to getwarm, usingwarm, usinggreenhouses to growgreenhouses to growfood, etc.) and morefood, etc.) and more

complex (solar panelscomplex (solar panelsfor heating) ways.for heating) ways.


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soil and water conservation.

Both are exhaustible

resourcesBoth serve as a filter Limited quantities of eachFoundation of life


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Five Key Ecological Roles of Soil


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Food production increased by bringing more land under cultivation May severely damage fragile soil Wind erosion turns dry cultivated soil to desert Tropical rain forests may lose nutrients kept mainly in trees

Greater productivity by more intensive utilization of existingcultivated soil

Green revolution of 1

950s Current revolution with genetically modified crops Multiple crops in warmer regionsH eavier application of fertilizers Irrigation Soil erosion and loss of nutrients may occur Excessive salt accumulation can result from irrigation

Soil Loss and Deterioration


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Soil conservation is the oldest environmental movement Conservation tillage (minimal soil disturbance) Future possible use of perennial plants that retain roots in soil Terraces and contour cultivation

Soil Conservation and Restoration


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Soil can be impaired Fertility loss Erosion Salinity buildup

Phytotoxins (zinc)Soil restoration

Construct terraces and flat areas Cultivate crops that add organic matter organic farming Add nutrients Neutralize excess acid or base

Soil Restoration


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Agroforestry is growth of crops in strips between rows of trees Trees stabilize soil, serve as windbreaks, and some fix nitrogen

Agroforestry

Alley cropping in agroforestry


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Hydroscopic Water: Thin layer of water

held around the soilparticle so tightly that itis unavailable to theplant.

Gravitational Water: Water that fills the air

pores in the soil. Itoccurs when the soil issaturated and quicklypercolates out of thesoil.


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Erosion Control

Mulching Straw or

wood chipsused toprovided a

protectivelayer over thesoil.


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Water Buffer Strips


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importance of forestry.Forestry Provides Wood Products Habitat for Wildlife

Filtration System for Air and Water

Reduced Soil Erosion Recreation

Revenue


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Beneficial influences of trees

Influence on Climate:Control of runoff Retention of snowmeltEnvironment for fish

Flood preventionWild life habitatSoil erosionRemoval of gas pollutantsReduction of wind erosionRemoval of particulates


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Noise AbatementTemperature difference in city areas

Greenbelts as Moisture Storage Zones


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recreational use of naturalresources.

Recreation Camping Hunting and fishing Observing Canoeing/boating Hiking Biking


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We have just one planet which can sustain life

The resources are limitedSpace on earth,Non-renewable energyNatural resources

The environment is depreciating in life sustainingcapabilities at an ever increasing pace.

At this rate, the day is not far when we reach a point of no

return and face the wrath of global climatic change

We need to understand our responsibility towards theenvironment and adopt an environment friendly system of working


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Crowded World populationYear 1800 1 billionYear 1922 2 billionYear 2000 6 billionYear 2050 9 billion (estimated)

The population has & will increase due toHealth care, Disease Eradication,Economic development.


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In search of drinking water


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In many parts of India, women spend 2-3 hours a dayfetching water


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India rainfall

India annualrainfallis within thetop 6 countriesin the world.

But we do notconserve the

rain water.


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How Chennai residents get water ?


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Collecting surface water at the building gate

T he rainwater falling onthe open space around thecomplex can be collectednear the gate by providing

a gutter with a perforatedlid. T he collected water can be led through a pipeinto a recharge wellof 1 metre dia and 5 metredeep.

If the area around the flat complex is paved with concrete,

we collect the water at the gate.

Rain Centre T wo views of water collection at the gate.


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G round levelsump

tank Rain water

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

House - G round floor

House - T op floor

pump

filter

3

1. Rain watercollected

on the roof 2. Flows thru drainpipe

3. First flush - discardsome initial water

4. Water flows thrua filter - bottom totop (sponge is filter)

5. Store in a sump6. Pump water to tank 7. Water pumped up8. Store in a overhead

tank - to house9. Overflow from

sump

Roof top Rain Water harvesting

9


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W aste ManagementIndian scenario


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Issues & Challenges

Lack of awarenessLack of collection &segregation at source

India becoming

ground for e-wasteScarcity of land


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Over 2 million old PCs

Ready for Disposal in India


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Over 75 million current mobile usersexpected to increase to

300 million by 2020 end .


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At presen t, India has abou t

16 million compu t erswhich are expec t ed t o grow

t o 75 million compu t ersby 2020

Identifying appropriate technology


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y g pp p gyfor waste management

At Source treatment - Bio-degradablewaste

& Sewage TreatmentBio-Methanation Plantcomposting

Unsorted & Non-biodegradable Waste

TreatmentGasification Plant


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Biodegradable WasteBio-Methanation uses bio-degradable waste for biogas

generationCanteen WasteCombined SewagePoultry Waste

Food Processing Waste Slaughterhouse WasteLeather Shavings Waste

Animal DroppingsFruit & Flower MarketSewage Sludge

W ASTE TREATMENT CYCLE


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Wastesource

Electricity Distribution

Garbage collection Garbage

transportation

W ASTE TREATMENT CYCLE


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Darwin < Earthworms

The plow is one of the most ancient and mostvaluable of Mans inventions; but long before heexisted, the land was regularly ploughed, andstill continues to be ploughed, by earthworms. Itmay be (doubtful) whether there are many other animals which have played so important a partin the history of the world as these lowly,organized creatures.

- Charles Darwin, 1881


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Think about this:

How can I change fromwaste-ful to being waste-

free?


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There is no such thing as waste, for oneorganisms waste is anothers resource.

H ow can YOUbe more waste-free?

Vermiculture &


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Vermiculture &Vermicomposting

Vermiculture is the culture of earthworms

Vermicomposting is using earthworms and microorganisms to

convert organic waste into black, earthy-

smelling, nutrient-rich humus.- Sultan Ahemd Ismail


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Why?

Year-round compost & organic plantfertilizer Reduce, reuse, recycleNon-pollutingProfitable commercial businessInteresting for all ages


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E-waste--sssssssssIS IT H AZARDOUSWASTE ?

E-Waste contains several different substances andchemicals , many of which are toxic and are likely to

create adverse impact on environment and health, if not handled properly.

However,classification of E-waste as hazardous or

otherwise shall depend upon the extent of presenceof hazardous constituents in it.


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Effects On Environment.

Pollution of Ground-Water.

Acidification of soil. Air Pollution.E-Waste accounts for 40 percent of the

lead and 75 percent of the heavy metalsfound in landfills.


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Effects On H uman H ealth.

Damage to central and peripheral nervous systems, bloodsystems and kidney damage.

Affects brain development of children.Chronic damage to the brain.

Respiratory and skin disorders due to bioaccumulation in fishes. Asthmatic bronchitis.DNA damage.Reproductive and developmental problems.

Immune system damage.Lung Cancer.Damage to heart, liver and spleen.


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E-Waste Management.

In industries management of e-waste should begin atthe point of generation. This can be done by wasteminimization techniques and by sustainable productdesign. Waste minimization in industries involves

adopting:1. Inventory management,2. Production-process modification,

3. Volume reduction,4. Recovery and reuse.


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The Waste to Energy Process

Power generation

Waste In gasificationGas

clean upsystem


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h l d h b d b


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The Total E-Waste in India has been Estimated to be

1,46,180 Tonnes per year.

Approach and Methodology


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Appro ach and Methodolog y.

Step1

: Identify the E-waste category item .Step 2: Identify the E-waste composition or determine it .Step 3: Identify possible hazardous content in E-waste .Step 4 : Identify, whether the E-waste componentis hazardous or the entire E-waste item ishazardous.


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Recycling Of 1 . Treatment Options Of E-Waste .

Land filling.Incineration.

2. Technologies In India .

E-waste trade value chain.Environmentally Sound E-waste Treatment Technology.

.

3. Technology Currently Used in India.Decontamination.Dismantling.Pulverization/ Hammering.Shredding.Density separation using water.


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B asel Convention

1. Trans-boundary movement of hazardoussubstances.

2. B an on land, water fill

3. Environment friendly disposal

LEGISLATION


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India

The Ministry of Environment and Forests in India is currently draftingWEEE" legislation.

The new legislation to hold e-waste producers accountable for theiraction.

E-waste/ components, which are hazardous in nature need to becovered under the purview of

The Hazardous Waste (Management and handling) Rules 2003 The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules,

2000 .Greenpeace International is pushing for more stricter legislation.

LEGISLATION


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Reduce, Reuse, Recycle


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Reduce

= Zero Land Fill

Reuse

Recycle

Recover


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Environmental issues of thedecade


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Crowded World populationYear 1800 1 billionYear 1922 2 billionYear 2000 6 billionYear 2050 9 billion (estimated)

The population has & will increase due to Health care,Disease Eradication, Economic development.

World population today is around 6.7 billion and will

increase by 2.5 billion in 43 years UN Population reportdated 13 May 2007

Light Bulb Example :


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Light Bulb Example :In the next 12 years we shallhave another 1 billion peopleNow, if we give each of thesepeople a 60 W incandescent lightbulbThe weight of individual light bulbis negligible, but 1 billion light

bulbs will weigh around 20000metric tonnesIf we were to turn these lightbulbs ON, all at one time for 4hours a day, we would need10000 MW of electricity whichwould need 20, 500 MW power plants.If these power plants are coalfired, imagine the amount of GHGemitted


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Greenhouse effect


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Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

24 0 Watt per m 334 3 Watt per m 3

1 03 Watt per m 3

Green house gases


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Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

Wh H It B H i


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Where Has It Been Happening

T his is where temperatures have risen in the world.http://www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/war mingmap.html


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Anthropogenic GHG like CO2 are long livedand stay in the atmosphere for over 1000yearsAverage global temperatures have risen by0.8C than in 1750s 11 of the last 12 warmestyears (1995-2006) since 1850s

A two degree rise in temperature may kill 10million people 5C rise in temperature may kill100 million peopleFrequent hurricanes in the US like Katrina,floods in Bihar, droughts in sub-Saharan Africaare few examples


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Cli t Ch g I t i I di


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Climate Change Impact in India

Rajasthan- DroughtRann of Kutch sea level riseMumbai-Salt water intrusionKerala Productivity of ForestTamil Nadu-Coral bleachingGanges Sedimentation problem

Sunderbans-Sea level rssiseNorthwest India-reduction In rice yield

Case study: 1 Impact on Agriculture


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Effect on apple cultivation

Kullu Valley, Himachal PradeshExperienced a number of crop failures in thelast 15 years

Apple belt has moved 30 kilometers[northwards] over the last 50 years

Apple growers, says attributed poor production to reduced snowfall and itschanged timing.

2. Ganga under threat from warming


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Himalayan source of the Ganga is drying upat a rate of 40 yards a year, nearly twice asfast as two decades ago, and that some of these glaciers might disappear by 2030.In the dry summer months, the Gangotriglacier provides up to 70 percent of the water of the Ganga.According to a UN climate report, theshrinking glaciers also threaten Asias supplyof fresh water.

Source: New Indian Express


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Source: New Indian Express


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Global Impacts


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Global Impacts

The largest glacier on Mount Kenya haslost 92% of its mass

Sea levels have risen by 10 - 25 cm

The thickness of sea ice in the arctic hasdecreased by 40%.

The Common Murre has advanced


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The Common Murre has advancedbreeding by 24 days per decade over thepast 50 years in response to higher temperatures.

The Baltimore oriole is shifting northward


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The Baltimore oriole is shifting northwardand may soon disappear entirely from theBaltimore area .

Polar bear populations are coming under


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Polar bear populations are coming underthreat as food becomes harder to hunt.


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Indias Initiatives


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India has a National Action Plan on Climate

Change National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan

Ecosystem National Mission for a Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Mission on Climate

Change

Why Environmental Education andAwareness?


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Who are involved?Many organisations are involved principally the:

Ministry of Education (Environmental Education Unit)

Ministry of Environment (All of its section, E & I Unit)Environmental NGOs

District Groups

Awareness?

Through education one can be made to appreciate the value of theenvironment and help in its protection and as such is the key to environmentalsustainability

Its been proven to be one of the best environmental management tool

Methods involved


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From experience its been found that the most effectivemethod is those which gets the students directlyinvolved such as:

1 .Competitions: Song, Creative writing, poem, painting, quiz

2.Field outings

3.Participation in fairs

4 .Discussions class discussion

Education and Awareness in the Schoolcurriculum


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curriculum

1 . integrated in the school curriculumand also through other subjects(science, languages, etc)

2. Environmental education should bemade a compulsory component inteachers training curriculum

Eco-school

Competition


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Competition

School has to demonstrate innovation in environmentalactivities and adopt environmental projects

teachers should be the driving force behind the schoolactivities

environmental issues should be covered in the schoolcurriculum

getting the whole school involved (teachers, students, s. staff,

parents)


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P ledge---To SAVE my EARTH


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The temperature is rising. Ice is melting.

Sea levels are rising, leading to coastal areas gettingwashed over.

At this rate 125 million Indians will need to relocate by2029.

Elsewhere, extreme weather conditions like typhoons andcyclones, floods and droughts are prevalent due to climatechange.

And the only one responsible for all this is me.But now I will do something about it. I pledge.I will use CFLs, not incandescent bulbs.I will set the AC to 25, not 22.I will take a train or bus instead of a car.I will use less energy that heats up the earth


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Thank youTHANK YOU

for earth's sake- an insight into environmental education

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