for the love of water

FOR THE LOVE OF WATER 1

FOR THE LOVE OF WATERThe Importance of Water Conservation In Specifications


Speakman

• In 2016, Speakman is fully committed to conserving a billion gallons of water by inspiring people to upgrade their existing shower head to one that saves water.

• Water, without a shadow of a doubt, is our greatest natural resource. Every ecosystem on this planet relies on it for survival. And each second that resource is drying up.

• Which is why we’ve made it our personal mission to change opinion about water conservation. We design and engineer fixtures that save water without sacrificing an ounce of performance.


• Identify the characteristics of the global water crisis & what daily activities contribute to this crisis.

• Review the WaterSense program & how it impacts building/home design nationally.

• Discuss how LEED can impact water conservation.• Review technology that can reduce water

consumption & meet code requirements.

Learning Objectives


THE WORLD WATER CRISIS


World Water Crisis


U.S. Water Statistics

• Main source of water use in the home, approx. 30% of the average home’s water usage.

• Watersense recommended 1.28 gpf is a 20% reduction from federal 1.6 gpf

• By switching average family can reduce toilet water usages by 20-60%, or approximately 13,000 gallons per year.

• On a national scale, if all old toilets were replaced, the U.S. could save 520 billion gallons of water per year!

toilets

Source: https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/toilets.html

https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/toilets.html



• Water Sense estimates that there are nearly 27 million flushometer—valve toilets currently installed in the United States. Approximately 26 percent (7 million) of the old toilets have flush volumes as high as 3.0 to 7.0 gallons per flush (gpf)—far more water than the federal standard of 1.6 gpf.

• WaterSense labeled flushometer-valve toilets, whether single- or dual-flush, use no more than 1.28 gpf, which is a 20 percent savings over the federal standard of 1.6 gpf.

• By replacing with WaterSense labeled models, a 10-story office building with 1,000 occupants could save nearly 1.2 million gallons of water and nearly $10,000 per year.

• Of those savings, nearly 870,000 gallons of water and $7,600 in water costs per year can be achieved by replacing the toilets in the women's restrooms alone.

• If commercial facilities nationwide replaced all of their older, inefficient flushometer-valve toilets with WaterSense labeled models, it could save an estimated 39 billion gallons of water per year.

FLUSHOMETERS

Source: https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/flushometer-valve-toilets.html

https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/flushometer-valve-toilets.html


Indoor Water Use Non Conserving

Average Use in a Non-Conserving Home 2

•Average use in non-conserving home: 69.3 (gpcd)Per Person

•Water use from faucets, showerheads, and toilets alone can amount to 41 gallons per capita per day.

•That’s 60% of an individual’s daily indoor water use

2 Vickers, Amy. Handbook of Water Use and Conservation: Homes, Landscapes, Businesses, Industries, Farms. Amherst, MA: Waterplow, 2001. Print.



• WaterSense labeled bathroom sink faucets and accessories that use a maximum of 1.5 gallons per minute can reduce a sink's water flow by 30 percent or more from the standard flow of 2.2 gallons per minute without sacrificing performance.

• Replacing old, inefficient faucets and aerators with WaterSense labeled models can save the average family 700 gallons of water per year.

• If every home in the United States replaced existing faucets and aerators with WaterSense labeled models, we could save nearly $1.2 billion in water and energy costs and 64 billion gallons of water across the country annually - equivalent to the annual household water needs of more than 680,000 American homes.

FAUCETS

Source: https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/bathroom_sink_faucets.html

https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/product_search.html?Category=1


https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/bathroom_sink_faucets.html



• The average family could save 2,900 gallons per year by installing WaterSense labeled showerheads. Since these water savings will reduce demands on water heaters, they will also save energy. In fact, the average family could save more than 370 kilowatt hours of electricity annually, enough to power a house for 13 days.

• On a national scale, if every home in the United States installed WaterSense labeled showerheads, we could save more than $2.2 billion in water utility bills and more than 260 billion gallons of water annually.

• In addition, we could avoid about $2.6 billion in energy costs for heating water.

SHOWERING

Source: https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/showerheads.html



https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/products/showerheads.html






• Commercial & Institutional sector is the 2nd largest consumer of publically supplied water, accounting for 17%.

• Hotels make up approximately 15% of the total water use in commercial & institutional buildings in the U.S.

Source

Source

End Uses of Water in Various Types of Commercial & Institutional Facilities

https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html

https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/docs/saving-water-in-hotels_fact%20sheet_508_Mar2016.pdf


Green Certification Programs

There are two main programs that identify green building technologies.

• Water Sense - EPA Sponsored • LEED - US Green Building Council Sponsored

Both programs hope to help direct consumers to use the most efficient building technologies.

The primary difference between these two programs is that Water Sense is product specific in rating the efficiency of the product and LEED is a rating for an entire building.


WATERSENSE®


WaterSense® U.S. Market Penetration

• In 2015 the Plumbing Manufacturers International (PMI) commissioned GMP Research Inc. to create an Industry Report on the U.S. Market Penetration of WaterSense Shower Heads, Lavatory Faucets and Toilets.

• Despite an urgent need to save water in several states the report found that consumers & businesses in these states have been slow to adopt water-efficient products. This trend is also reflected nationwide.

• On average nationwide of installed products:– 7% of toilets are WaterSense– 25.4% of lavatory faucets are WaterSense– 28.7% of shower heads are WaterSense



• According to the study, almost 2/3 of homes in the U.S. are still equipped with the fixtures that were installed when they were built.

• On average in U.S. homes a shower head is replaced every 12.5 years, lavatory faucet every 15 & toilet every 30.

• Estimated that 4% of all plumbing product sales are for commercial new construction.

• 6% of overall plumbing product sales are for replacement in commercial properties.


WaterSense® U.S. Market Penetration • .

US REGION STATES

New England CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT

Middle Atlantic NJ, NY, PA

South Atlantic DC, DE, FL, GA, NC, SC, VA, WV

East North Central

IL, IN, MI, OH, WI

West North Central

IA, KS, MN, MO, ND, NE, SD

East South Central AL, KY, MS, TN

West South Central AR, LA, OK, TX

Mountain AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY

Pacific AK, CA, HI, OR

USA All 50 States

> 2.2 GPM

2.2 GPM

WATERSENSE

> 2.5 GPM

2.5 GPM

WATERSENSE

5.0 GPF

3.5 GPF

1.6 GPF

WATERSENSE

7.6% 74.6% 17.8% 9.1% 70.9

% 20.0% 5.0%

20.0%

67.5% 7.50%

9.4% 74.7% 15.9% 11.1

%70.9% 18.0% 5.5

%21.9%

62.6% 10.0%

14.0%

58.2% 27.8% 12.8

%55.6% 31.6% 2.9

%19.4%

71.4% 6.3%

9.9% 69.2% 20.9% 10.3

%66.0% 23.7% 6.0

%35.4%

51.8% 6.8%

14.4%

60.4% 25.2% 11.3

%60.0% 28.7% 2.0

%10.8%

79.6% 7.6%

11.4%

57.2% 31.4% 9.5% 55.7

% 34.8% 5.3%

34.0%

54.6% 6.1%

7.1% 59.6% 33.3% 5.4% 57.9

% 36.7% 2.0%

18.5%

74.3% 5.2%

17.2%

51.5% 31.3% 14.7

%50.2% 35.1% 3.5

%14.0%

76.3% 6.2%

10.8%

62.3% 26.9% 9.5% 60.0

% 30.5% 3.5%

14.0%

76.3% 6.2%

11.2%

63.4% 25.4% 10.7

%60.6% 28.7% 4.5

%22.2%

66.3% 7.0%

LAVATORY FAUCETS SHOWER HEADS TOILETS



• Highest WaterSense Adoption States (averaging 10%):– New York– New Jersey – Pennsylvania

Toilets


Standard (Leak Prone) Toilet Designs

Rubber Flush Ball and Seat

Rubber Flapper and Seat

Standard toilet designs contain rubber flush balls or flappers that can leak due

to improper seating or normal “wear and tear” from corrosive minerals in water.

Once a toilet Flapper is replaced, the flush volume can increase greatly.


1.28 GPF Ecologic Toilet

The flapperless “Tip Bucket” technology contains no rubber

flush balls or flappers. It’s virtually maintenance free and eliminates

leaks.


Tanks

• Water is self-contained in the “Tip Bucket”• No condensation• No chains

• Typically 1.28


0.8 GPF Style

0.8 GPF style UHET – ultra high-efficiency toilet – goes a step beyond the standard water-saving toilets available on the market.

As water fills the tank, energy is harnessed and an air transfer system exerts pressure in the bowl’s trap way. Activated by pressing the flush button, all the waste in the bowl is cleared with a onetime, powerful, quiet flush. This toilet design lowers water usage and utility bills.

Key features:

Ultra High Efficiency Flush• Uses just 0.8 gallons per flush (0.8 GPF)• One flush thoroughly evacuates the bowl every time – no need for double flushing or dual-flush systems

Large Water Surface• As the tank fills, air is transferred to the trap way• A large water surface is created as this air pressure causes the water to fill at a higher level

Superior Engineered Ceramics• Fully glazed tramway• Bowl cleared every time due to smooth, low friction ceramic surface


What it savesHigh toilet water and utility bill savings. At a flush rate that saves 37% more water than a standard HET, these WaterSense®-certified toilets save up to 20,000 gallons and $101 per year* with regular use and up to 200,000 gallons and $1,013 in its lifetime*!


WaterSense U.S. Market Penetration

• Highest WaterSense Adoption State:– Texas – 39.5%

• Lowest WaterSense Adoption State:– Connecticut – 13.6%

SHOWER HEADS


WaterSense U.S. Market Penetration

• Highest WaterSense Adoption State:– Arkansas – 35.1%

• Lowest WaterSense Adoption State:– Connecticut – 12.7%

LAVATORY FAUCETS


WaterSense® Hotel Challenge

• Launched in February 2014 the goal of the WaterSense Hotel Challenge is to help hotels understand their water footprint by encouraging hotels to “ACT”:

– Assess their water use and potential saving opportunities– Change products and/or processes to incorporate water use best

management practices– Track their water-savings progress & achievements, what gets

measured, gets managed.• Since the inception of the program more than 860 hotels have

signed up to participate.


LEED Program

• LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) is a green building certification program that recognizes best-in-class building strategies and practices. To receive LEED certification, building projects satisfy prerequisites and credits earn points to achieve different levels of certification. Prerequisites & credits differ for each rating system and teams choose the best fit for their project.

• There are four levels of certification – the number of points a project earns determines the level of LEED certification that the project will receive. Point thresholds are:

CERTIFIED

SILVER

gold

PLATINUM

40-49 Points 50-59 Points 60-79 Points 80+ Points


LEED Water Efficiency• The Water Efficiency section of LEED is composed of 3

pre-requisites and 4 credits.– Pre-requisites:

• Outdoor Water Use Reduction – 30% reduction needed for irrigation than what is used on a typical turf grass landscape

• Indoor Water Use Reduction – 20% reduction below existing federal code

• Building-Level Water Metering – Water usage must be metered, 5 years of data must be shared with USGBC/LEED (monthly and annual)


LEED Water Efficiency

Credits: It’s important to understand that to get the credits a team has to make reductions beyond the reduced water usage from the pre-requisite.

• Outdoor Water Use Reduction – Option 1: No irrigation, 2 pts. Option 2: Reduce irrigation, 1 pt. – 50% reduction, 2 pts. for 100% reduction

• Indoor Water Use Reduction – to gain points reductions need to be at 25-50% reduction from baseline of Epact 1992. The points chart is below. An additional point can be earned if water reduction is 55% or higher.

• Building-Level Water Metering – Metering just be installed on 2 or more sub-systems within the building, 1 pt.

• Cooling Tower Water Use – to conserve water use for cooling tower makeup while controlling microbes, corrosion & scale in a condenser water system

Indoor Water Use Reduction Points for BD+C Projects:


Safety and Code Trump LEED


Top 10 States for LEED Certified Projects in 2015RANK STATE GROSS SQUARE

FOOTAGE (GSF)PER-CAPITA CERTIFIED

GSF TOTAL NO. PROJECTS

1 IL* 43,979,595 3.43 161

2 MD* 17,659,881 3.06 127

3 MA* 19,850,624 3.03 112

4 WA 17,450,321 2.60 101

5 CO* 12,218,992 2.43 95

6 NV 6,534,960 2.42 30

7 CA* 87,358,563 2.34 618

8 TX 52,445,321 2.09 237

9 VA* 13,005,968 1.63 121

10 UT 4,494,301 1.63 31

** DC 11,612,237 19.30 84


LEED - Platinum Certified Hotels in the U.S.

• Hotel Skyler - Syracuse, NY

• Proximity Hotel - Greensboro, NC

• Bardessono - Yountville, Napa Valley, CA


LEED – Platinum Certified Healthcare Facilities• 2 Total facilities in the U.S.:

– Baldwin Area Medical Center - Baldwin, WI– Dell Children’s MCCT BT 3 – Austin, TX

• International:– Chang Gung Proton Therapy Centre - Taoyuan, TW


LEED – Platinum Certified Schools


PLUMBING PROVISIONS


Plumbing Provisions• While there are overarching federal plumbing provisions, through EPACT ’92, which was

effective as of 1994 for plumbing fixtures, the movement to require further conservation measures has fallen under the jurisdiction of state & local governments.

• EPACT ‘92:– Bathroom & Lavatory Faucets: 2.2 gpm– Kitchens Faucets: 2.2 gpm– Showerheads: 2.5 gpm– Toilets: 1.6 gpf– Urinals: 1.0 gpf


Florida

• No State level provisions.

• Miami-Dade: Applies to new construction projects only.

– Bathroom faucets cannot exceed 1.5 gpm – Kitchen faucets cannot exceed 1.5 gpm– Shower heads cannot exceed 1.5 gpm or must be

WaterSense certified– Toilets cannot exceed 1.28 gpf– Urinals cannot exceed 0.5 gpf

• Broward County: Applies to new construction projects only.

– Bathroom faucets cannot exceed 1.5 gpm – Kitchen faucets cannot exceed 1.5 gpm– Shower heads cannot exceed 1.5 gpm or must be

WaterSense certified– Toilets cannot exceed 1.28 gpf– Urinals cannot exceed 0.5 gpf


Illinois

• No State level provisions.

• Chicago: Applies to new construction projects only.– Bathroom faucets cannot exceed 1.5 gpm – Shower heads cannot exceed 2.0 gpm– Toilets cannot exceed 1.28 gpf– Urinals cannot exceed 0.5 gpf


California• By executive order, Californians must reduce their

water consumption by 25% by February 2016.

• The local water agencies are being required to adjust their rate structures to reflect conservation pricing & discourage their customers from water wasting.

• Many water utilities & gas companies are offering rebate programs to their residents to get them to switch to lower flow products.

• California is experiencing a drought of historic proportions. Residents & government are obsessed with rainfall.

• In response the California Energy Commission has passed new water conservation standards for plumbing fixtures.

• Progress since executive order: “Including the results for April, Californians have saved more than 1.43 million acre-feet of water since June 2015, a 24.1% reduction in water use compared to the same months in 2013. Water saved during the 11 month period was enough to supply 7.2 million Californians for one year, or 18 percent of the state's population.”

Source: http://www.drought.ca.gov/topstory/top-story-61.html

http://www.drought.ca.gov/topstory/top-story-61.html






California – New CEC Water Standards:

• Bathroom Faucets:- As of September 1, 2015 faucets sold into CA cannot exceed 1.5

gpm- As of July 1, 2016 faucets sold into CA cannot exceed 1.2 gpm

• Showerheads:- Currently showerheads sold into CA cannot exceed 2.5 gpm- As of July 1, 2016 showerheads sold into CA cannot exceed 2.0

gpm- By July 1, 2018 showerheads sold into CA cannot exceed 1.8 gpm

• Kitchen Faucets:- As of January 1, 2016 kitchen faucets sold into CA cannot exceed

1.8 gpm

• Public Bathroom Faucets & Aerators:- As of January 1, 2016 faucets & aerators sold into CA cannot

exceed 2.2 gpm- As of July 1, 2016 faucets & aerators sold into CA cannot exceed

0.5 gpm

• Toilets & Urinals- As of January 1, 2016 toilets must not exceed 1.28 gpf & wall

mounted urinals must not exceed 0.125 gpf, other urinals cannot exceed 0.5 gpf

- City of L.A. urinals cannot exceed 0.125 gpf (for new construction)


New York

New York City specifically has a Green Code, No. 57, effective July 1, 2012, that requires all new & replacement products to meet efficiency standards & be WaterSense Certified:

– Bathroom faucets cannot exceed 1.5 gpm @ 60 PSI

– Kitchen faucets cannot exceed 2.2 gpm @ 60 PSI

– Shower heads cannot exceed 2.0 gpm @ 80 PSI

– Toilets cannot exceed 1.28 gpf– Urinals cannot exceed 0.5 gpf


NYC Codes


CONSERVE IN PLUMBING


Low Flow Shower Heads

• There are a variety of ways to reduce water output in shower heads.

• For many, switching to a low flow shower head is a difficult transition as shower heads are performance driven products.

• Consumers consciously want to change to a low flow shower head, but fear experiencing a lesser performance.

• Hotels and resorts also deal with this dilemma, as they fear delivering a lesser quality experience to their respected guests.


Low Flow Shower Heads – Flow Controls• Most shower heads on the market

come equipped with a flow control, which limits the amount of water that passes through the showerhead per minute.

• Flow Controls do a great job limiting the flow through the simple addition of a flow control that limits water to 2.0, 1.75 or 1.5 gpm may create an unsatisfactory showerhead performance.

• The poor performance of these heads is typically what turns people off from using low flow heads, resulting in users returning to a 2.5 gpm showerhead or removing the flow control from the head to allow as much water as possible to pass through the head at one time.


Low Flow Shower Heads – Flow Controls• Not all flow controls are created equal. Some are manufactured to tighter

tolerances, which allows them to provide maximum flow of water across the supply pressure range.

• Ask your sales rep/manufacturer to provide you with data on the showerhead’s flow performance across pressure ranges from 20-80 PSI to ensure the showerhead you specify will provide strong water flow across the entire standard pressure range.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

WATERSENSE MAX-IMUM

S-4000-E2 (2.0 GPM)

WATERSENSE MIN-IMUM

SUPPLY PRESSURE (PSI)

FLOW

(GPM

)

t2.0 GPM SHOWER


Low Flow Shower Heads – Air Injection• Air Injection technology allows water to pass into the product from the outside

and inject itself into the water droplets.

• The down side to air injection is that the droplets of water tend to be cooler than those from showerheads without air injection, resulting in the user increasing the temperature of the water

• There is no U.S. standard for thermal loss, but Australia & New Zealand do have one:

– Australian/New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 3662 - there can be no more than a 5.4° F change in temperature over a 24” span.

WARM

cool

hot


Low Flow Shower Heads – Spray Coverage

• Spray coverage is the amount of water distributed across the spray pattern when measured using the EPA WaterSense® test protocol.

• WaterSense® states that 25% or more of the total water volume needs to be in the 2-6” diameter range and no more than 75% can be in the 2-4” diameter range.


Low Flow Shower Heads – Spray Coverage

• Spray coverage matters a great deal when selecting a shower head.

• Coverage that is too narrow may require the user to bath longer in order to cleanse their entire body.

• Narrow coverage also means more surface of the body is not getting hit with water at the same time and can create a colder experience, prompting the user to turn up the water to a higher temperature and therefore using more energy.


Low Flow Shower Heads – Engineered for Low Flow

• With the growing need for low flow shower heads, some manufacturers have started investing significant R&D and engineering resources into building shower heads design specifically to create a better showering experience at lower flows.

• Goal here is provide the user with an experience they would expect of a 2.5 gpm shower head while using 2.0 gpm or less water per minute.

• We anticipate this trend will continue as more states adopt lower flow rate provisions for their shower heads and consumer demand for strong performance remains at the same level or higher than it was previously.


Low Flow Showerheads – Specifying the best

• Low Flow Showerhead Selection/Specification Recap:– Look for heads which keep their flow at maximum across

pressure ranges– Consider the implication of air injection on thermal retention– Look for heads with good spray dispersion to give the user good

coverage– Look for products which were engineered for low flow performance


Dangers of Low Flow Showerheads

• Showerheads are required to carry a note on their labels/packaging about what rating the valve it gets used with needs to have in order to function properly.

• Pairing a low flow showerhead with the improper valve could cause the valve to not balance properly due to the lower flow of water going out of the showerhead.

• This leaves the end-user potentially vulnerable to scalding.


Pressure Balance Valve

ALL BRASS BODY

RETROFIT TO ANY FASHION PLUMBING VALVE TRIM

Features-ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 AND ASSE 1016 certified

-Built-in check valves in cartridge

-Temperature limit stop allows installer to set maximum water temperature

-Integral stop allows user to shut water off at valveWhy Needed?

-Pressure Balance Valve ensures users are protected from spikes in pressure, which may cause thermal shock and scalding water

-Performs to ASSE 1016 standards at flow rates down to 2.0gpm

-Anti-scald feature regulates water

-Glass filled bonnet

-Solid-brass body

SWEAT CONNECTIONS

GLASS FILLED BONNET

INTEGRAL STOP

TEMPERATURE LIMIT STOP


Thermostatic Pressure Balance Valve Features

-ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 AND ASSE 1016 certified

-Built-in check valves in cartridge

-Temperature limit stop allows installer to set maximum water temperature

-Integral stop allows user to shut water off at valveWhy Needed?

-Ideal valve for use with low flow shower heads; performs to ASSE 1016 at flow rates as low as 1.5 gpm and has been tested at flow rates as low as 0.5 gpm

-Dual element system utilizes a pressure balance piston to protect against thermal shock, and a thermostatic element regulates temperature and prevents scalding

½ FEMALE SWEAT CONNECTIONS

GLASS FILLED BONNET

ALL BRASS BODY

INTEGRAL STOP

USES EXISTING VALVE BODY

TEMPERATURE LIMIT STOP

THERMOSTATIC ANTI-SCALD ELEMENT

PRESSURE BALANCE PISTON


Dangers of Low Flow Showerheads – Select the right valve!

• Be sure to specify/select the right valve & showerhead combination

• Ask the manufacturer/rep to give you a copy of the ASSE 1016 report showing the valve is rated appropriately to the head you are specifying.


Low Flow Faucets & Aerators

• Easy transition for most facilities & consumer to accept in terms of low flow.

• Existing faucets can be retrofit to lower flows simply by replacing the faucet flow outlet.

• For private lavatories & residential installations specify products which carry the WaterSense® mark.

• Public lavatories are not covered under WaterSense and often have flow rates below the WaterSense minimum flow rate and therefore not certified.

– WaterSense minimum for lavatory faucets is 0.8 gpm.


Example of a Water Bill

BILLING DURATION Quarterly USAGE 4700 CCF 3,515,600 Gallons WATER COST $3.81 per CCF$0.005 per Gallon SEWER COST $4.07 per CCF$0.0054

Property DemographicUnits 252 Single Elderly High Rise Average Unit Daily Water and Sewer Usage 156 Gallons


How to Help the Customer With Water

Conservation.

Useful Water Units• 1 cubic foot

(cf) = 7.48 gallons

• 1 ccf = 100 cf = 748 gallons

How to start a water conservation audit Information needed Current Water Bill

• Find the water and sewer charge. Typically billed in CCF 1 ccf equals 748 gallons.

• Determine the number of days in the billing cycle

• Number of units on the property it is helpful to get the average number of people per unit as well as number of one and two bathroom units.

• Annual occupancy rate.


THANK YOU

SPEAKMANPRO.COM

for the love of water

Devices & Hardware