foreign policy us government ap chapter 20. policy majori- tarian interest group cliententrepre...
TRANSCRIPT
Foreign Policy
US Government AP Chapter 20
Policy
Majori-tarian
Interest
Group
Client Entrepreneurial
Who Pays?
All Few All Few
Who Benefits?
All Few Few All
Majoritarian
Going to war Alliances (NATO, Warsaw Pact) Weapons treaties Recognition of governments
Policy with the President
Interest Group
Tariffs Embargo’s Quota’s
Policy with Congress
Client
Favorable legislation to companies doing business abroad
Aid to “favorable” countries
Policy with Congress
Declaring War
Officially only Congress can declare war
13 “official” wars 6 formal declarations
Presidents have sent troops about 125 x’s
Alliances
Treaties from Congress (Senate)
Executive Agreements from the President (usually pre-approved by Congress)
States
No power in foreign affairs
The Courts and Foreign Policy
As a sovereign nation—the courts acknowledge Executive and Legislative power to conduct foreign policy beyond the Constitution
“Let those 2 work it out” (hands off)
Checks and Balances
Congress over the President Approve money for military Approve money for aid President has to inform Oversight
Committees on troop deployment
Public opinion checks both
War Powers Act
After Vietnam to control troop deployments
1. 48 hour notice to Congress by Pres.2. 60 day approval by Congress to fund
the deployment (or they come back)3. End it with a Concurrent Resolution(never been used—legality by S. Court)
Foreign Policy and Public Opinion
The public tends to support the president in a crises
Casualties often lead the public to support escalation, so fighting will end more quickly
Since World War II, the public has generally felt the U.S. should play an important international role
4 Worldviews
1. Isolationism
2. Containment
3. Disengagement
4. Human Rights
Alliances or Go it Alone?
Valence Issue Need someone to keep world
peace NATO, UN—heavily subsidized by
USA Have used a mix of both
Paying for it all…
Top 3 expense in the budget each year
1. Entitlements
2. Interest on deficit
3. Defense—about $400 billion/year
4. Bailout for economy
What do we get for our $...
Personnel Planes, helicopters, tanks, bullets,
etc…(big ticket items--hardware) Economic impact on industry Bases around the world
(Interest groups)
Over runs on budgets
1. Improvements in technology as the machine is being built
2. Custom parts (coffee maker example)3. Underestimated by Congress to get it
passed4. Single contractor problems5. Stretch-outs6. Always building the “Best”