forest and mineral resources world geography 3200 chapter 10

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Forest and Mineral Forest and Mineral Resources Resources World Geography 3200 World Geography 3200 Chapter 10 Chapter 10

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Page 1: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Forest and Mineral Forest and Mineral ResourcesResources

World Geography 3200World Geography 3200

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Page 2: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

ForestsForests

Page 3: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Locations & Features of Forests (p.162)Locations & Features of Forests (p.162) The type of forest growing The type of forest growing

in any one region of the in any one region of the world reflects the unique world reflects the unique environmental conditions of environmental conditions of that region.that region. For example, coniferous trees For example, coniferous trees

are adapted to our cold, moist are adapted to our cold, moist boreal ecosytem…boreal ecosytem…

Pure Stands: a single species Pure Stands: a single species of tree that dominates an of tree that dominates an area.area. These develop because These develop because

different tree species have different tree species have different needs with elevation, different needs with elevation, slope, drainage, rainfall,…slope, drainage, rainfall,…

Page 4: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Locations and Features of ForestsLocations and Features of Forests

Do questions 1 & 2, page 163Do questions 1 & 2, page 163

Page 5: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Deforestation (p.163)Deforestation (p.163)

= the conversion of forested land to other uses.= the conversion of forested land to other uses. Examples include agriculture, human settlement, Examples include agriculture, human settlement,

mining operations, hydroelectric power mining operations, hydroelectric power developments,…developments,…

Do #6 & 7, page 163Do #6 & 7, page 163

Page 6: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Tree Harvesting (p.165)Tree Harvesting (p.165)

Clearcutting: the Harvesting of Clearcutting: the Harvesting of allall timber in an timber in an area at the same time.area at the same time.

Page 7: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Tree HarvestingTree Harvesting

Strip-Cutting: strips of forest 20-100m wide Strip-Cutting: strips of forest 20-100m wide are clearcut, leaving undisturbed forest strips are clearcut, leaving undisturbed forest strips betweenbetween

Page 8: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Tree HarvestingTree Harvesting

Selective Cutting: selected trees are harvested Selective Cutting: selected trees are harvested from a forest site.from a forest site.

Page 9: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

MineralsMinerals

Page 10: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Mineral ResourcesMineral Resources

Minerals are the inorganic chemical elements Minerals are the inorganic chemical elements or compounds found in Earth’s crust.or compounds found in Earth’s crust.

There are over 2000 minerals, categorized There are over 2000 minerals, categorized into 4 main categories:into 4 main categories:

1.1. MetallicMetallic

2.2. Non-MetallicNon-Metallic

3.3. Fossil FuelFossil Fuel

4.4. StructuralStructural

Page 11: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Metallic MineralsMetallic Minerals

Found near earth’s crustFound near earth’s crust Carry electric charges and heatCarry electric charges and heat Are usually lustrous (“shiny”)Are usually lustrous (“shiny”) Examples are gold, aluminum, iron ore,…Examples are gold, aluminum, iron ore,…

Page 12: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Non-Metallic MineralsNon-Metallic Minerals

Found deep in the groundFound deep in the ground Poor conductors of electricity and heatPoor conductors of electricity and heat Lack lustre (not “shiny”)Lack lustre (not “shiny”) Examples are potash, salt, peat,…Examples are potash, salt, peat,…

Page 13: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels

Found deep under the Found deep under the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface

Formed from decomposed Formed from decomposed organic materialsorganic materials

Store huge amounts of Store huge amounts of solar energy, from which solar energy, from which the original carbon was the original carbon was formed through formed through photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Examples are crude oil, Examples are crude oil, coal, natural gas, uranium,coal, natural gas, uranium,……

Page 14: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Structural MineralsStructural Minerals

Found on or near the Found on or near the earth’s surfaceearth’s surface

Composed of mineral Composed of mineral grains cemented grains cemented togethertogether

Useful for building Useful for building materials like gyprocmaterials like gyproc

Examples are gypsum, Examples are gypsum, limestone, clay,…limestone, clay,…

Page 15: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Finding MineralsFinding Minerals

Finding minerals like gold might involve the Finding minerals like gold might involve the following steps:following steps: Prospectors analyse topography to find probable gold Prospectors analyse topography to find probable gold

depositsdeposits Remote detection techniques are used, such as magnetic Remote detection techniques are used, such as magnetic

surveys, seismic measurements and radiation testssurveys, seismic measurements and radiation tests Core samples are drilled from the ground and checked for Core samples are drilled from the ground and checked for

metal anomaliesmetal anomalies If these are found to be positive, a claim is registered with If these are found to be positive, a claim is registered with

the governmentthe government

http://www.newmont.com/en/about/gold/howmined/index.asp

Page 16: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Extracting MineralsExtracting Minerals

Open-Pit MiningOpen-Pit Mining Used for minerals near Used for minerals near

the earth’s surfacethe earth’s surface Surface material is Surface material is

removed and rock is removed and rock is extracted in layersextracted in layers

Once finished, huge Once finished, huge holes and piles of waste holes and piles of waste rock are left rock are left

Page 17: Forest and Mineral Resources World Geography 3200 Chapter 10

Extracting MineralsExtracting Minerals

Underground MiningUnderground Mining Used to extract minerals Used to extract minerals

deep beneath the surfacedeep beneath the surface Little waste rock is left Little waste rock is left

over, but this is very over, but this is very expensive and dangerousexpensive and dangerous