Forest Statistics for the Southern Coastal Plain

of South Carolina, 1987

John B. Tansey, Forester Forest Inventory and Analysis

Asheville, North Carolina

This r e p s r t h i g h l i g h t s the pr ine ipah f ind ings of the s i x th f o r e s t survey i n t he Southern Coas ta l P l a i n of South Carom f i na , Fieldwork began i n June 1986 and was completed i n September 1986, Five previous surveys, c m p l e t e d i n 1934, 1947, 1958, 1968, and 1978, provide sta- t i s t i c s f o r measuring changes and t r ends over t h e p a s t 53 g e a r s , The p r i m r y emphasis i n t h i s r epor t i s on the changes and t r ends s i n c e 1978, Prev ious ly r epo r t ed f i g u r e s have been ad jus t ed t o provide t h e b e s t e s t ima te of change,

Pe r iod i c surveys of the f o r e s t resource a r e au thor ized by the F o r e s t and Range- land Renewable Resources Research Act s f 1978, These surveys are a cont inu ing , nationwide undertaking by t h e Regional Experiment S t a t i o n s of t h e USDA Fo re s t Se rv i ce , In Flo r ida , Georgia, North Carol ina, South Caro l ina , and Vi rg in i a , t he se surveys are adminis te red by the Fo re s t Inventory and Analysis orest st Survey) Research Unit a t t he Southeas te rn F o r e s t Experiment S ta t ion , wi th head- q u a r t e r s i n Ashevi l le , NC, The primary o b j e c t i v e of t he survey i s t o per iod i - c a l l y inventory and eva lua t e a l l f o r e s t and r e l a t e d resources , These multi- resource d a t a he lp provide a b a s i s for formulat ing f o r e s t p o l i c i e s and programs and f o r t h e o r d e r l y development and use

o f the resources, This repor t deals only with the extent and condition of f o r e s t land, associated timber v o l m e s , and rates o f timber growth and removals,

The 12-county area covered by t h i s r epor t i s one of three survey units i n South Carolina, Comparable r epor t s , USDA Forest Service Resource Bulletins SE-89 and SE-BE, have been issued for the Piedmont and Northern Coastal P l a i n o f South Carolina, Another r epor t con- taining many o f the Stage totals i s being released with this r e p o r t , An. indepth, analytical State r epor t on the timber resource should be available in late 1987,

The Southeaseern Station g r a t e f u l l y ac- knowledges the eooperatisn and assistance provided by the South Carolina Forestry Comiss ion in collecting field data, Appreciation i s also expressed f o r the excellent cooperation sf o t h e r public agencies, forest industry, and o the r p r i - va te landowners in providing i n f o m a t i o n and access to the sample locations,

JOE P, McCEUW P r o j e c t Leader

Content ka

Since 1978 in the Southem Coastal Plain of Ssrstb Caraliaa,....,e..Qe f

Horis the Laventow Le ~ d e . . , . , , . . . . . 3 Reliability of the Ba%a....e.e.e.Qe. 3 Definitions o f Temse,,....e.....e.. 5

1, Area, by county and land class,. 12

2, Area of timberland, by county and oranexship classe,.,.,.~..,,..,. 13

3. Area of timberland, by county and forest-type group..,........... 13

4, Area o f timberland, by county and standmaize class,..,.....,e.... 14

5. Area sf timberland, by county and site lass,...,.,.,,,,^....... 14

6, Area of tintberland, by county and stocking classes of growing- stock txees...,.,o..o........~...Q. 15

7 . Volume of growing stock and saw- timber on timberland, by county and species group,.,.,..,.,....,... 16

8, Met annual growth of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland, by county and species group........ 16

9. Annual removals of growing stock and sawtimber sn timberland, by county and species group., ,...,, .,, 17

10. Area of timberland, by forest type and ownership class,,.,,.,.,.., 18

11, Area of tinaberaand, by ownership and stocking classes of growing- stock trees.,.,..,lQ~.QoeDOe8.0~Q.~~ 19

12, Area of timberland, by forest type and stand-size class.....,...,. 20

83. Area of tiderland, by stand-age and broad management elasses, all ~ m e r ~ h i p s ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 21

14, Area of tirreberland, by stand-age and broad management classes, public o m e r s h i p s I . e ~ . , , ~ Q e D a i , e s a . r s D e ~ ~ B e r , 2%

15, Area o f timberland, by stand-age and broad mnagement classes, forest i n d ~ ~ t r y ~ ~ ~ . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 22

16. Area of timberland, by stand-age and broad management classes, other private o w w e r s h i p ~ , , , , , , . , , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 22

17, Area o f tinaberland, by broad mnagement and stand-volume classes 23

18. Vglme of vowing atsek on tim- berland, by broad management class, species group, and seand-age class, , 24

19. Net annual growth of growing stock on tirnberband, by broad mnageroent ~"Lass, species group, and stand-age c%ass,,,,,,,81B.I.d18, 25

26, Annual removals of growing stock on timberland, by broad management class, species group, and stand-age ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ o ~ e ~ ~ e e ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ e e ~ ~ m e e ~ ~ e 26

21, Pilerebantable volarune sf live trees and growing stock on tim- berland, by forest-type and species ~ r O U p S S . Q . e e ~ C I O , Q . I a e I t e D a B ~ @ ~ ~ * ~ I O * 27

22, Area o f timberland treated or disturbed annually, by treatment or disturbance and o m e r s h i p c l a s s , , , , , 28

23, Area of timberland treated or disturbed annually and retained in comercia1 forest land, by treatment or disturbance and broad management c l a ~ s ~ . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 28

24, Area sf tinrberland regenerated mnually, by type sf regeneration and braad managemnt c l a s s , , , , , , , , , , 29

25. Area of t imberland, by t rea tment oppor tun i ty and broad management c l a ~ s e ~ . . , . ~ , ~ . ~ ~ . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ 30

26. Area of t imberland, by t rea tment oppo r tun i t y and ownership classes... 30

27, Merchantable volume of l i v e t r e e s and growing s tock on t imber- l and , by ownership c lass and spec i e s group,,.nIQI1......LIBOIeCldI(d 31

28, Volume of sawtimber on tiaaber- l and , by o m e x s h i p c lass and spec i e s group,,,,,.,.,,.0,,15~.eeJ(10 31

29, Net annual growth and removals of growing s tock on c i d e r l a n d , by ownership c lass and species g roup , , , 32

30, Net annual growth and removals of sawtimber on t imberland, by ownership c lass and species group,,, 32

31. Volume of e i d e r on timberland, by c l a s s e f t imber and species group 33

32. Number of l ive t r e e s on timber- land, by spec i e s and diameter class 34

3 3 , Number of growing-stock trees on t imberland, by species and diameter c ~ ~ s Q ~ . * ~ ~ I * O ~ ~ ~ ( ~ I . ~ * ' ~ I * S ~ C S * B L ~ ~ Q D O 35

3 4 . Merchantable volume of l ive trees on t imberland, by species and diameter claa~,......,..,...~~~..~~~ 36

35, Volume of growing s tock on t imberland, by species and diameter C ~ ~ S S . * . * , * I * ~ * * . . . B * * . * * * * , ~ C * ( ~ ~ ~ I . 37

36. Volume of sawtimber on timber-- land, by species and diameter class 38

37. Volume of sawtimber on timber- land, by species, s i z e class, and log g r a d e c ~ e ~ ~ e e a , ~ , , C , 6 ( D e 8 0 . d B D ( 1 e 5 Q 39

38, Cubic volume in t h e merchantable saw-log portion of sawtimber trees on timberland, by species and diameter ~ 2 a s s , , , , ~ , , , , , ~ , , , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ 40

38, T o t a l volume o f live trees on t i n b e r l a n d , by species and diameter ~ l ~ ~ ~ e e e ~ s ~ a e e e ~ s ~ e m ~ ~ a a r e a e h r ~ e e e m c ~ e 41

4 8 , Green weight of forest biomass an t imberland, by species and diameter 42

41, Net annual growth and removals sf l i v e timber and growing stock sn t imberland, by species,,,,,,,,,,,,,. 43

42. Net anndal growth and removals of sawtimber on tisaberland, by ~ p e e i e ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ . ~ ~ . . ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 44

4 3 , Annual removals of growing s tock on t imberland, by species and diameter cEassm,,,,e,,e,~5,,beC5Q.0B 45

4 4 . Mortality of l i v e timber, growing s tock , and sawtimber on timberland, by species , , , , , , , , , . , , , . 46

45. Change in number of l ive trees on t imberland, by species group, survey completion date , and diameter c % ~ s Q I I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P ~ C ~ ~ . ~ C ~ O O D ~ ~ ) B C ~ C C ~ I B ~ C 47

46, Land a r e a , by land use c lass , = jar forest type , and survey completion d a % e , . O ~ ~ ~ ~ C 1 , , ~ , , , e I e B , C B 48

47 , Volume o f sawtimber, growing s tock , and live timber on timber- l and , by species g row , survey completion date, and diameter class 49

-?k. Tables 1-12, 27, 29-33, 35-38, 41, 42, and 44 are cornon to all

Fores& Inventory and Ana ly s i s f o r e s t resource statistical r e p o r t s s f the Eastern Uni ted Sta tes ,

Since 1978 i n the Southern Coastal P l a i n s f South Gasolim--

f t imberland were d ive r t ed t o o the r land uses, More than 53 percent of the diver- s ions were f o r urban development. Host of t he remaining d ive r t ed a rea went t o a g r i c u l t u r a l uses, Some 80,000 ac res of nonfores t land rever ted t o timberland, p a r t i a l l y o f f s e t t i n g t h e timberland los ses t o o ther uses, Timberland i n t h i s 12-county region t o t a l s 3.2 mi l l i on ac res , 61 percent of t he t o t a l land a r e a ,

Q a rea s f timberland i n non indus t r i a l

Within t h e NPPF grouping, l a rge s h i f t s occurred among owner c a t e g o r i e s , Area of fanner-owned timberland dropped by 32 percent t o about 850,000 a c r e s , while a rea of timberland i n the s t h e r individ- ua l category increased by 32 percent t o 1.1 m i l l i o n ac res , Other corpora te t imberland acreage changed l i t t l e , remaining a t j u s t over 0 , 3 m i l l i o n ac res . Area. of timberland con t ro l l ed by f o r e s t indus t ry has increased by 66,000 a c r e s , o r by 1 2 percent . Nearly 20 percent of a l l t imberland i s now con t ro l l ed by f o r e s t industry.

softwood type grouping, a r e a of pine p l an ta t ions increased i n a l l owner groups; o v e r a l l by 155,000 a c r e s , o r by 30 percent , The l a r g e s t change was on f o r e s t indus t ry land, where a r e a of planted s tands increased by 45 percent to 315,000 ac res , PlantatiQns account f o r one-habf of a l l f o r e s t indus t ry timberland, m e n a l l o m e r s a r e grouped, pine p l an ta t ions ROW make up 21 perceot of a l l t imberland, compared with 16 per- cent i n 1978, Area 0 6 n a t u r a l pine is- down by 13 percent t o 735,000 a c r e s , Declines i n a rea of n a t u r a l pine occurred i n a l l o m e r c l a s s e s , For n a t u r a l and planted s tands combined, l o b l o l l y pine f o r e s t t y p increased by 36 percent , while area 06 a l l o the r softwood t y p s dec l ined , Area of hard- wood t y p e decl ined by 6 percent , Area

of hardwood type remained f a i r l y cons tant gn f o r e s t indus t ry and pub l i c lands but decl ined on NIPF land,

berland, Of the a rea harvested, about 68 percent was i n NIPF ownership and 27 percent was con t ro l l ed by f o r e s t indus- t r y , About 57 percent of t he annual har- v e s t was f r m pine types; 18 percent of t he harvested a r e a was planted pine s tands , Cmbining a l l types, an addi- t i o n a l 34,000 ac res of t imberland experienced p a r t i a l c u t t i n g o r s m e i n t e m e d i a t e s i l v i c u l t u r a l t reatment each year ,

Q an average of 78.000 ac res have been

than t h e a r e a harvested, Tota l a r e a regenerated exceeds ha rves t on a l l ownerships, Across a l l owners, p lan ted s tands account f o r about 45 percent of the ac res regenerated, The r a t e of p ine p l a n t a t i o n establ ishment has more than doubled on both public and f o r e s t indus t ry lands. On NIPF land, p l an t ing has increased fourfo ld and now t o t a l s almost 16,000 ac res annual ly, I n 1978, p l an t ing on NTPF lands accounted f o r 23 percent of the t o t a l aereage e s t ab l i shed i n p l an ta t ions ; a s of t h i s survey, 42 percent of annual a r t i f i c i a l regenera- t i o n occurred on NIPF land. Current ly, about 8 of 10 ac res regenerated on f o r e s t indus t ry land and 3 of 10 a c r e s regenerated on NIPF land a r e planted,

inches d,b.h, and l a r g e r remained about -- - - -- - - -

t imberland, Although a r e a of poorly - stocked s tands decl ined by 26 percent , about one- f i f tb of a l l timberland i s s t i l l poorly stocked, For a l l broad types cmbined, average n e t volernre per a c r e of l i v e timber has increased by j u s t I percent t o 1,605 cubic f e e t ,

Q number of hardwood t r e e s decl ined i n

were most severe i n the sapl ing s l z e c l a s s e s , e s p e c i a l l y on NIPF land.

Since hardwoods were not remeasured in the i n t e r i m survey, the large dec rea se i n hardwood growth and i n c r e a s e s i n removals and mor%alitg were not idea- t i f i e d until now, Causes o f the decline in growth deserve f u r t h e r study, Increased mortality, less ingrowth, slower survivor growth, and a reduct ion i n the t imberland base and nmbers of trees are all contributing factors,

Since t h e l a s t survey, u n i t boundaries changed slightly due to a t ransfer sf land between count ies , Changes i n the timberland resource which occurred as a resul t of this exchange are r e f l e c t e d i n the s e a t i s t i c s reported here,

Raw the Inventory i s Made

The method sf the inventory i s a sampling procedure d e s i p e d t o provide r e l i a b l e s t a t i s t i c s p r i m a r i l y a t the Seate and Survey Unit Bevels, Ind iv idua l county statistics are presented so that any combination of counties may be added together until a t o t a l i s large enough to meet the desired degree of r e l i a b i l - i t y , Procedures were as follows:

I. I n i t i a l estimates of f o r e s t and nonforest areas were based on %he cEas- sification of 85,353 sample clusters systematically spaced on the l a t e s t aerial photographs available, A subsample o f 1,894 sf t h e 16-point c lusters was ground checked, and a linear regression was f i t t e d t o the data to develop the relationship between the photo and ground classification o f t he subsample. This procedure provides a means f o r adjusting t h e i n i t i a l estimates of area f o r change i n Land use s ince date of photography and f o r photo misclassifications,

2, Estimates of timber volume and fo res t ~Zassifications were based on measurements recorded at 1,154 ground sample locations sgstematicalky d i s t r i b - ufed on timberland, The p l o t desigr(l at each location was based on a c l u s t e r of 10 p o i n t s , In most cases , var iable plots, established by using a basal-area factor o f 37,5 square feet per acre, were syse tematically spaced w i t h i n a single fo res t condktion at 5 of the LO c l u s t e r po in t s ,

Trees l e s s than 5 inches d,b,h , were t a l l i e d on a fixed-radius p l o t around each poin t cen te r ,

3 , Equations prepared frm detailed neasurements cc~l1ee"eed on standing trees i n t h i s Uni t , and similar measurements taken throughout the Southeast, were used to compute the volume of i n d i v i d u a l t a l l y t r ees . A mi r ro r caliper and s e c t i o n a l aluminum poles were used t o obtain the a d d i t i o n a l measurements on these standing trees required t o construct volume equat ions ,

4 , Fe l l ed trees were measured a t 34 a c t i v e c u t t i n g operations, These d a t a will supplement t he standing-tree volume data and be used t o generate u t i l i z a t i o n fac tors far product and species groups, Forest biomass estimates were made from equat ions developed by the Uki l iza t ion s f Southern Timber Research Work Unit of the Southeaseern Forest Experiment Station in Athens, GA,

5. Estinnaates s f growth, removals, and mortality were determined from the remeasurement o f 1,107 gemanent sample p l o t s established in the four th survey,

e r s h i p information was col lected from correspondence, pub l i e records, and l o c a l c o n t a c t s , I n those counties where the sample missed a p a r t i c u l a r ownership c lass , temporary sample p l o t s were added,

7. A l l f i e l d data were sent t o Asheville f o r ed i t ing and were entered i n t o disk and magnetic-tape storage f o r processing, Final estimates were based on s t a t i s t i c a l sumaries of the data,

Beliability of the Data

S t a t i s t i c a l analysis of these data indi- ca tes the foblowing sampling errors in terns o f one standard error (two times o u t sf three):

Percent Per million acres sf timberland . . . . . . . . . . . $.%I

P e r billion cubic f e e t of growing stock, . . . . . . 6,3%

Per billion cubic feet o f net annual growth, . . . . . . . 1.27

Per billion cubic f e e t o f annual removals, . . . . . . . 2,533

8 Sampling errors f o r county and u n i t t o t a l s , in terns of one standard error, Southern Csastal P l a i n of South Carolina, 1987

Timberland Cubic-foot volume of growing stock County

8E"eB Inventory Growth Removal s

Aiken A 1 lendale Barnberg Barnwel l. Beaufort Calfnoun Cslleton Dorchester Mamp t on Jasper Lexington Orangeburg

Total. 2.92 7,145

a Sampling error of breakdowns of county and unit totals may be

computed with the following fornula:

d ( ~ o l u m e or area total in question)

mere: ;e = Saanpling error of the volume or area total in queseion

SE = Speci f ied sampling error in t ab le ,

b ~ y random-sampl ing formula ( i n percent ) .

D e f i n i t i o n s of Tens

Allowable c u t , The volume of t imber t h a t could be c u t on timberland dur ing a given per iod under s p e c i f i e d managernent p lans aimed a % sus t a ined product ion of t imber products ,

Basal area, The a r e a i n square f e e t of t he c r o s s s e c t i o n a t b r e a s t he igh t of a s i n g l e t r e e o r of a l l t he t r e e s i n a s t and , u s u a l l y expressed a s square f e e t of b a s a l a r e a per a c r e ,

Biomsrjt, The aboveground green weight of s o l i d wood and bark i n l i v e t r e e s l , 0 inch d,b,b, and l a r g e r from t h e ground t o t h e t i p of t he t r e e , A l l f o l i a g e i s excluded, The weight of wood and bark i n l a t e r a l l i d s , secondary Limbs, and twigs under 0.5 inch i n diameter a t the po in t of occurrence on sap l ing-s ize t r e e s i s included but i s excluded on polet imber and s a w t i d e r - s i z e t r e e s ,

Bole, That po r t i on of a t r e e between a 1-foot stump and a 4-inch top diameter o u t s i d e bark (d ,o ,b , ) i n t r e e s 5.6 inches d,b.h, and l a r g e r ,

Broad -nagensent c l a s s , A c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of t imberland based on f o r e s t type and stand o r i g i n ,

Stands t h a t have been a r t i f i c i a l l y regenera ted by p l an t ing o r d i r e c t seeding and wi th a southern yellow pine, whi te pine-hemlock, o r o t h e r softwood f o r e s t type,

Natura l ~ i n e , Stands t h a t have not been a r t i f i c i a l l y regenerated and with a southern yellow pine, white pine- hemlock, o r o the r softwood f o r e s t type,

Stands wi th a f o r e s t type of oak-pine,

Stands wi th a f o r e s t type of oak-hickory, ches tnu t oak, sou thern scrub oak, o r maple-beech- b i r ch ,

Lowland hardwood. Stands wi th a f o r e s t type s f oak-gum-cypress, elm-ash- cottonwood, palm, o r o the r t r o p i c a l ,

Bureau of Land Hanagemeat Lands, Fede ra l l ands adminis tered by the Bureau of kand Management,

Census water, Streams, s loughs, es tu- a r i e s , c ana l s , and o the r nnoviag bodies of water one-eighth of a s t a t u t e m i l e i n width and g r e a t e r , and Lakes, r e s e r v o i r s , ponds, and o the r pemaaent bodies o f water 40 a c r e s i n a r e a and g r e a t e r ,

C o m e r c i a l f o r e s t land, (see: Timber- l a n d ) ,

rcial spec i e s , Tree spec i e s eonven- t i o n a l l y regarded a s being able t o develop i n t o t r e e s s u i t a b l e f o r t h e manufacture of i n d u s t r i a l t i h e r prod- u c t s , Species t h a t t y p i c a l l y e x h i b i t smal l s i z e , poor form, or i n f e r i o r q u a l i t y a r e excluded,

Cropland, Land under c u l t i v a t i o n w i t h i n t h e pas t 24 months, inc lud ing orchards and land i n soil-improving crops bu t excluding land cultivated i n developing improved pascure, Also inc ludes i d l e farmland,

D,b,h, Tree diameter (ou t s ide bark) a t b r e a s t he igh t (4 ,5 f e e t above the ground).

Diameter class, A c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of t r e e s based on t r e e d ,b ,h , Two-inch diameter c l a s s e s a r e cornonly used by F o r e s t Inventory and Analys i s , wi th t h e even inch a s t h e approximate midpoint f o r a c l a s s , For example, t he 6-inch e l a s s inc ludes trees 5,0 through 6,9 inches d ,b ,h ,

Fame Land on which a g r i c u l t u r a l opera- t i o n s a r e being conducted and sale of a g r i c u l t u r a l produets t o t a l e d $1,000 o r more during t he year,

Fam operator, A person %J.ko operates a farm, e i t h e r doing the wsrk himself o r d i r e c t l y supervising the wsrk,

r - ~ m e d land ( s e e : Other p r iva te kand),

Forest industry land, Land omed by corn- ganies o r i nd iv idua l s ope ra t i ng wood- us ing p l a n t s ,

Forest i n d u ~ ~ r y leased land, Land leased or under management contracts to forest industry from other omers f o r p e r i o d s of one f o r e s t rotation or longer , Land under cutting contracts is not inc luded ,

Forest land, Land a t least h 6 , 7 percent stocked by forest trees o f any s i z e , or formerly having had such t ree cover, and not currently developed f o r nonforest use,

Forest type, A classification of forest land based on the species forming a plurality s f live-tree stocking,

Forests in which eastern white pine, red pine , or jack p ine , singly or in combination, eon- slitute a plurality o f t he stocking, (Common associates include hemlock, b i r c h , and maple,)

- f i r , Forests in which spruce or true f i r s , s i n g l y o r in combination, constitute a p l u r a l i t y o f the s tock ing , (Cormon assoc ia tes include maple, b i r c h , and hemlock,)

Forests in which longleaf or slash pine , singly or in combination, constitute a plurality sf the stocking. omon on assoc ia tes i nc lude oak, hickory , and gum,)

LsbloLlv-shortleaf pine, Forests in which I o b l o l l y p ine , shortleaf pine, or o t h e r southern yellow pines, except longleaf or slash p ine , singly or in combination, constitute a plurality s f the stocking, (cornon a s s o c i a t e s i n c lude oak, hickory , and gum.)

. Forests in which hardwoods Qusually upland oaks) constitute a plurality o f the stocking but in which p ines account f o r 25 to 50 percent of the stocking, (6ommon a s s o c i a t e s inc lude gum, hickory , and yellow- pop l a r , )

Forests in which upland oaks or hickory9 singly or in combi- nation, constitute a plurality of the s tock ing , except where pines account f o r 25 to 50 percent , in which ease the stand would be classified oak-pine, (Common associates include yellow- p o p l a r , elm, maple, and black walnut,)

Oak-nu=-cv~ress, Bottom-%and fores ts in which tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, oaks, o r southern cypress, singly or in cambination, constitute a plurality of the stsck~ng, except wh3re pines account for 25 to 50 percent , in which case the stand would be c l a s s i f i e d oak-pine, Q ~ o m o n a s s o c i a t e s include cottonwood, willow, ash , e l m , hack- b e r r y , and maple,)

Elm-ash-cottonwood, Forests i n which e l m , ash, or cottonwood, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of t he s tocking , (cornon associates include willow, sycamore, beech, and maple, 1

Forests in which maple, beech, or yellow b i r c h , singly o r in combination, constitute a plurality of the stocking, (Common assoc ia tes include hemlock, e l m , basswood, and white p i n e , )

Forests in w"irieh palms and other tropicals constitute a plurality of the s tocking,

Gross growth, Annual increase in merchan- table volume of trees in the absence o f cutting and mortality. (GPOS~ growth in- cludes survivor growth, ingrowth, growth on ingrowth, growth on removals p r i o r to removal, and growth on mortality p r i o r to d e a t h , )

Growing-stock trees, Live sawtimber-size trees o f esmerc ia l species containing at leas% a 12-foot 104, or t w o noncon- gigusus saw logs each 8 feet or longer, meeting minimum grade requirements (hardwoods must q u a l i f y as a l eg grade of either 3 or 4 ; softwoods must q u a l i f y as a Isg grade 3) with at least one- third s f the gross board-foot volume (International I/&-inch rule) between a 1-foot stump and the minimum saw--.log top being sound, or a l i v e tree below sawtimber s i z e t h a t w i l l prospectively qua1 i f y under the above standards,

Desirable tree, A tree t h a t qualifies as growing stock and has no se r ious d e f e c t s in quality limiting present or prospective use; i s o f relatively high v igor ( 3 6 percent or more l i v e crown r a t i o ) ; is compatible with the s i t e and

physiographic class; has a t o t a l board- f s o t loss not to exceed 15 percent in softwoods or 25 percent i n hardwoods as a result o f severe sweep, crook, or Lean; and has a relatively clear bole,

A tree t h a t q u a l i f i e s as growing stock but does not meet t he m i n i m u m requirements t o q u a l i f y as a des i rab le tree, Included are sawtimber- s i z e trees tha t do not contain a 12-foot saw Bog beeause s f excessive, natural taper i n the butt log but have the potential to produce a 12-fast saw log as diameter increases,

Growing-s$ock voIume, Volume (cubic f e e t ) of s o l i d wood in growing-stock trees 5 e 8 inches d ,b ,h , and larger , from a 1-foot s t q to 8 minimrum 4,O-inch top diamewr, outside bark, on the central s t e m , Val- ume sf so l id wood in. primary forks from the po in t of occurrence to a minimum 4*0-inch tog diameter outside bark i s included ,

H&rsdwoods, Angiosperms; dicotyledonous trees (ineluding a l l palm species which a%e nasnocsty$edonous), usually brsadleaf and deciduous,

S o f t hardwoods, Soft- textured hard- woods such as boxelder, r e d and s i l v e r maples, hackberry, loblolly-bay, sweetglrsa, yeflow-poplar, magnolia, sweetbay, water tupe lo , blackgum, sycamore, cottonwood, black cherry, willow, basswood, and e l m ,

Bard hardwoods, Hard-textured hard- woods such as sugar mple, b i r ch , hickory, dogwood, persimmon ( fores t grsm), black l ocus t , beech, ash, honeylocust, holly, black walnut, mulberry, and a l l comercia1 oaks,

I d l e famland, Land including fomer cropland, orchard, improved pasture, and fanre s i tes not tended wi th in the p a s t 2 years, and currently less than B6,7 percent stacked w i t h l i v e trees,

Improved paseare, Land currently improved for grazing by cultivation, seeding, irrigation, o r clearing of trees o r brush,

lndian land, WB% lands held in t r u s t by the United States fo r i nd iv idua l Indians or er ibes , or all lands, t i t l e s to which are held by ind iv idual Indians or t r ibes, subject t o Federal restrictions againse alienation,

Industrial A 1 1 roundwood products except fuelwood,

Zngroweh, The number or net volume of trees that grow large enough d u r i n g a s p e c i f i e d year t o qualify as saplings, poletimber, or sawtimber,

Inhibiting vegetation, Cover s u f f i c i e n t l y dense to prevent the establishment of t ree seedlings,

Land area, The area s f d r y land and land temporarily or partly covered by water such as marshes, swamps, and river flood p l a i n s (omitting t i d a l f l a t s below mean high t i d e ) , streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than one-eighth of a s t a tu t e mile in width , and lakes, reser- v o i r s , and ponds less than 40 acres in area;%,

Live trees, All trees 1-0 inch d,b ,h , and larger which are not dead at the time o f inventory,

Live-tree volume. Volume ( c u b i c feet) of wood above the ground kine in live trees I,O inch d ,b ,h , and larger , The volume i n twigs and l a t e r a l limbs smaller than 0,5 inch i n diameter a t $he poin t o f occurrence on sapling-size trees is included but is excluded on poletimber and sawtimber-size trees,

Log grade, A classification o f logs based on external characteristics as indicators sf quality or value,

Logging r e s idues , The unused merchantable portion o f growing-stock trees c u t or destroyed dur ing logging operations,

Logging slash, Tile tmns;a.erehantable portion of growing-stock trees (including saplings) plus a l l cull trees b , O inch d ,b ,h . and larger cut or destroyed dur ing logging operations and nog used,

Manageable s t and , Timberland a t l e a s t 60 percent stocked with growing-stock t r e e s t h a t can be featured toge ther under a management scheme,

Merchantable port ion, That po r t i on of live trees 5.0 inches d.b,h. and l a r g e r between a 1-foot s r m p and a minimum 4-0-inch top diameter ou t s ide bark on t h e cen t ra l s tem, That portion of prim mary forks from the pa in t of occurrence ta a minim= 4,0-inch t o p d i a m e t e r out- s i d e bark i s included,

Herchamtable vofume, Solid-wood volume i n merchantable po r t i on of l i v e t r e e s ,

Miscellaneous Federal land , Federa l Band o the r than n a t i o n a l f o r e s t s , land administered by the Bureau of Eand Management, and land adminis tered by the Bureau of Indian A f f a i r s ,

HisceBlaneous private land, (see: Other p r iva te Eand),

Mortality, The merchantable volume i n trees that have d i e d f r o m natural causes d u r i n g a s p e c i f i e d peria$.

National Forest land, Federal hand that has been legally designated as nagiona l forests or purchase u n i t s , and o t h e r land under the admin i s t r a t i on of the Forest Service, including experimental areas and Bankhead-Jones T i t l e 111 Land,

Net annual growth, The ne t change i n merchantable volume f o r a s p e c i f i c year i n the absence of c u t t i n g (gross growth minus aortality f o r t h a t s p e c i f i e d year , )

Bdoainduseriak private fspe~t (EPPPO land. ( see : Other privaee land) ,

Ranseaeked forest land, Timberland Less than l 6 , 7 percent stocked w i t h growing- stock trees,

O t h e r pr ivate land, Privately owned land excluding f o r e s t industry land or fores t industry leased land, Also r e f e r r e d t o as non indus t r i a l p r iva te f o r e s t (NIPF) l and ,

Farmer-owned land , Omed by Earn o p e r a t o r s , exc luding incorporated farm omersh ips ,

Other i nd iv idua l land, Omed by i n d i - v i d u a l s o the r than f a m operators,

ed by corpora- t i o n s , ine lud ing incorporated farm o m e r s h i p s ,

Other remavals, The growing-stock volume of trees removed from the inventory by cultural operations such as timber stand improvement, land clearing, and o the r changes i n land use tha t resul t i n the removal of t he trees from the timberland,

Plant residues. Wood material generated i n t h e produel ion of timber products at primary manufactuping plants,

Coarse residues, Material, such as s l a b s , edgings, t r i m , veneer cores and ends, which i s su i t ab le for chipping,

F ine residues, Material, such as sawW d u s t , shavings, and veneer chippings, which is slot suita"b4e f o r chipping,

Residues (coarse or N e t volme, Gross volume s f wood less

f i n e ) u e i l i z e d i n the f u r t h e r manu- deductions for sst, sweep, o r other fac ture 06 induserial products or f o r defect affecting use f o r t imber products, consumer use , o r u t i l i z e d as f u e l ,

Eoacomercial species, Tree spec i e s of typically small s i z e , poor form, or

Residues

i n f e r i o r quality which normally do not (coarse or f i n e ) t h a t are not used

development i n t o trees suitable f o r for any product, including f u e l ,

i n d u s t r i a l wood products, Poletimber-size trees, Live trees at l e a s t 5 ,0 inches d ,b ,h , but smaller than

Nonforest land. Land that has never sup- sawtimber s ize , p o r t e d forests and land formerly forested where t imber i s Brsduckive-resewed forest land, ( s e e : prec luded by development f o r o t h e r u se s , Reserved t imber land) ,

Wal i ty class, A c f a s s i f i c a t i o n of saw- timber volume by log o r tree grades,

Rertrgelaad, Land on which the n a t u r a l v e g e t a t i o n i s predominantly native grasses, g r a s s l i k e p l an t s , fo rbs , or shrubs valuable fo r forage, not quali- fy ing as t imberland and mr;o"%eevloped far another land use, Rangeland includes natural grassland and savannah,

Resewed t imberlarmd, Forest land suf-- E i ~ i e n t l y productive t o qua l i fy as ti=- beuland, but w i t h d r a m from c i d e r u t i l i z a t i o n &hrough s t a t u t e o r adminstraaive des igna t ion ,

Rateerr trees, Live trees s f c o m e r c i a 1 species tha t do not contain a t l e a s t one 12-foot saw log, o r t w o noneontig- uous saw logs , each 8 feet or longer , now or prospec t ive ly9 p r i m a r i l y because of rot or missing sections, and with l e s s than onekthird of t he gross board- foo t t ree volume i n sound ma te r i a l ,

Saw log, A I sg meeting m i n i m u m standards af diaxaeter, length, and defect , inc luding logs a t l e a s t 8 f e e t long, sound and s t r a i g h t , and with a minimum diameter ins ide bark for softwoods o f 6 inches (8 inches f o r hardwoods),

Saw-log portion, That part of the bole sf sawtimber trees between a 1-foot stump and the saw-log top, inc luding t h e portion of forks large enough $0 contain a saw log,

S ~ W W ~ O ~ %op, The poin t on the bole s f sawtimber trees above which a conven- t i o n a l saw log cannot be produced, The minimum saw-Bog t o p i s 7 ,0 inches in diameter outside bark (d . a , b , ) f o r softwoods and 9,0 inches ( d , o , b , ) fo r hardwoods,

Sawtimber-size trees, Softwoods 9,0 inckes d ,b ,h , and larger and hardwoods l % , 0 inckes d ,b ,h , and larger,

Raugh trees, L i v e t r e e s of c o m e r e i a l Sawtimber volume, Gmwkng-stwk volume

spec ie s tha t d s not contain a t Peast in the saw-log por t i on of sawtimber- one 12-foot saw log, or two nsnesn-

s i z e trees in board feet (International t iguous saw logs , each 8 f e e t o r longer , Bd4-inch r u l e ) , now o r prospect ive ly , primarily because of roughness, poor fom, s p l i t s , and Seedlings. Live trees sf comercia1 cracks, and with less than one-third of spec ie s less than 1,0 inch d ,b ,h , t h a t the grass board-foot t r e e volume i n

are expected to surv ive and develop, sound m t e r i a l ; and live trees of nsn- c o m e s e i a l spec ie s ,

Roundwood (roundwoad Sags), Lags, b o l t s , or o t h e r round sec t ions cu t from t r e e s for indus t r i a l o r consumer uses,

Bomdwood chipped, Any t imber cut g r i - ma r i l y f o r pulpwood, del ivered t o none pulpmi l l s , chipped, and then sold t o puPpmiSls as res idues , including chipped tops , jump sect ions , whole trees, and pulpwood s t i c k s ,

Boundwood products, Any primary product such as lumber, po le s , pilings, pulp, o r fuetwosd which i s produced from roundwood,

Salvsble dead trees, Standing o r d o n dead trees considered utilizable by Forest Inventory and Analysis s tandards ,

Saplings, Live trees B,Q to 5.0 inckes d ,b ,h ,

S i t e class, A classification s f forest land in terms of inheren& capacity to grow crops of industrial wood based on f u l l y stocked na%ural stands, by annual production capacity,

Class 1, 165 o r more cubic f e e t per 8CTe

Class 2, 120 to 164 cubic f e e t per acre,

Class 3, 85 to 119 cubic fee t per acre,

Glass 4 . 50 to 84 cubic feet per acre,

Class 5, 20 to 49 cubic feet per acre,

ospernns; in the order Conife~afes, usually evergreen Q i d u d e s

kskniazh i s dec idtaous) , Survivor grawth, The merchantable v a l u e having needles o r scalelike leaves, increment an trees 5,Q inches d ,b ,h . and

l a rger i n the inventory a t t he beginning Pines, Yenow p ine s p e c k s which of the year and surviving t o i t s end, inc lude l o b l o l l y , longleaf, slash, pond, shortleaf, pitch, V i r g i n i a , sand, Timberland. Land a t l e a s t 16.7 percent s p r u c e , and Tab le Mountain pines, stocked by f o r e s t t r e e s of any s i z e , o r

formerly having had such t r e e cover, n o t Other softwoods, Cypress, eastern red- c u r r e n t l y developed f o r n o n f s r e s t use, cedar 9 white cedar 9 eastern white pine 9 capable of producing 20 cubic feet of eastera hemlock, spruce , and f i r , i n d u s t r i a l wood per a c r e per year and

Stand-size class, A classification o f forest land based on the diameter elass distribution s f growing-stock trees i n t h e stand,

Sawtimber stands, Stands a t least 16,% percent stocked w i t h growing-stock trees, with ha l f or more s f t o t a l stocking i n sawtimber and polet imber mees, and w i t h sawtimber s tocking a t least equal to poletimber stocking,

Poletimber s tands , Stands a t l e a s t 16,7 percent stocked with growing-stack trees s f which half or more of total stocking is in poletimber and sawtimber trees, and w i t h polet imber s tocking exceeding tha% of sawtiflzber,

Stands a t f e a s t 16-7 percent stocked w i t h growing-stock trees o f which more than half of t o t a l s t s c k i a g i s sap l ings and seedlings,

State , county, and municipal land, Land omed by S ta tes , counties, and l o c a l pubkic agencies or municipalities, o r land leased t o these governmental u n i t s fo r 58 years or more,

Stocking. The degree o f occupancy of land by trees, measured by basal a r e a on the number o f trees i n a stand and spacing in t he s t and , compared w i t h a minimum standard, depending on tree s i z e , r e q u i r e d to f u l l y u t i l i z e the growth p o t e n t i a l of the land.

100 percent sr more stocking,

Medium stocked. 60 to 99 percen t s tock ing ,

Less than 60 percent stocking ,

not w i t h d r a w n from timber u t i l i z a t i o n by legislative a c t i o n ,

Timber products. Roundwood products and byproducts.

Timber removals, The nrierchantable volume of trees removed from the inventory by ha rves t i ng , c u l t u r a l ope ra t i ons such aa s tand improvenaent, land c l e a r i n g , or changes i n land use ,

Tap, The po r t i on of t h e -in stem and fo rks from a 4,O-inch diameter o u t s i d e bark t o the t i p s of t he main s t e m and forks, plus all other limbs above the 410-inch t op a t Beast 0,s inch i n diameter a t t h e i r po in t of occurrence.

Treatment opportunity, A c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of the wwagement o r t reatment t h a t would most improve fo r t imber product ion the e x i s t i n g cond i t i on of t he s tand being sampled.

T r e e grade, A c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f sawtides trees based on the log grade of t h e b u t t Hog i n t h e tree,

Unproductive $ores$ laad. (see: ~ o o d l a n d ) ,

Upper-stem partion, That p a r t of the -in stem or fork o f sawtimber t r e e s above the saw-fog tog to minimum top diameter 4,0 inches ou t s ide bark o r t o t he po in t where the main s t e m or fork breaks i n t o limbs,

Urban and other areas. Areas developed f o r residential, industrial, or recse- ational purposes, school yards , cemeter ies , roads, r a i l r o a d s , a i r p o r t s , beaches, powerlines and o the r rights-of-way, o r other nonforest land not included i n any o the r specified land use elass ,

Woodland. Fores t land incapable o f pro- ducing 20 cubic f e e t per ac re per year of i n d u s t r i a l wood under n a t u r a l cond i t i ons , because of adverse s i t e cond i t i ons ,

Stocking Standard

Minimum number o f Minimum basal area D,b,h, trees per acre per acre c Las s f o r f u l l stocking for f u l l stocking

Seedlings 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 26 18 20

Conversion factors

Cubic f e e t of wood per average cord (excluding bark)

D,b,h, Al l Pine

c lass species Other Hardwood softwood

Average

Metric equivalents o f units used in chis r epor t

--

B acre = 4,046,86 square mters or 0,404685 hectare % cubic f o o t = 0,828317 cubic meter 1 inch = 2 ,54 centimeters or 0,0254 meter Breast height = 1,4 meters above ground level 1 square f o o t = 929,03 square centimeters or 0,8929 square meter 9 square f o o t per acre basal area = 8,229568 square meter per hectare L pound = 0,454 kilogram L ton = 0,907 metric ton

County Tab les

The county t a b l e s a r e in tended f o r use i n compil ing f o r e s t r e s o u r c e e s t i m a t e s f o r groups o f c o u n t i e s , Because t h e sampling procedure used by t h e F o r e s t Survey was in tended p r i m a r i l y t o f u r n i s h i n v e n t o r y d a t a f o r t h e su rvey u n i t a s a whole, i n d i v i d u a l county e s t i m a t e s have l i m i t e d and v a r i - a b l e accuracy . A s county t o t a l s a r e broken down by v a r i o u s s u b d i v i s i o n s , t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f e r r o r i n c r e a s e s and i s g r e a t e s t f o r t h e s m a l l e s t i t e m s ,

Table 1.--Area, by county and l and c l a s s , Sou thern C o a s t a l P l a i n o f South C a r o l i n a , 1987

County

F o r e s t l and A1 1 Nonfores t

Reserved l and b T o t a l Timberland Woodland t imber land

Aiken A l l e n d a l e Bamberg Barnwell Beaufor t: Calhoun C o l l e t o n Dorches te r Hamp t on J a s p e r Lexington Orangeburg

- - - - - - Acres - -- - - 469,173 -- 158,635 -- 143,463 -- 230,074 -- 140,291 -- 133,304 -- 455,704 -- 267,917 -- 258,770 -... 290,726 -- 246,892 -- 367,741 --

T o t a l 5,170,106 3,174,378 3,162,690 -- 11,688 1,995,728

a From U , S , Bureau of t h e Census, 1980,

b ~ n c l u d e s 77,217 a c r e s of wa te r accord ing t o F o r e s t Survey s t a n d a r d s o f a r e a c l a s s i f i c a - t i o n , b u t d e f i n e d by t h e Bureau o f Census a s l and ,

2 'pi

T a b l e &*--Area of timberland, by county and stand-size class, Southern Coastal P l a i n of South Carolina, 1987

Stand-size class All Nonstocked stands Sapling- areas

Saw%iPn$er P o l e t i m b e r seedling

Aiken A 1 lendale Barnberg Barnwe1 k Beaufort Calkasun Galleton Dorches ter Hamp t on Jasper Lexington Orangeburg

Acres -- - --

141,584 18,208 34,096 35,856 26,640 44,804

100,442 29 , 265 36,651 44,847 52,254

100,483

Table 5*--Area of timberland, by county and s i t e class, Southern Coastal P l a i n sf South Carol ina, 1989

A11 S i t e c lass ( cub i c feet per acre per year)

County classes > I 6 4 128-164 85-129 56-84 20-49

Aiken Allendale Barnberg Barnwel l Beauf ort Calhsun Colleton Dsrehester Rampton Jasper Lexington Orangeburg

- - - Acres - - - - - 5,048 56,613 4,674 47,449 360 33,404

10,181 66,214 11,818 50,081

826 44,832 35,500 164,362 15,693 132,356 66,603 %05,lbJ5 18,1298 81,446 2,878 31,664 5,844 94,969

Total 3,162,690 5,343 121,716 908,575 1,699,167 427,889

Table 6,--Area of timiberland, by county and stocking e l a s s of growing-stock t r e e s , Ssuthern Coastal P la in of South Carolina, 1987

- -

A l l Stocking c l a s s

County classes ,130 100--.I30 60-99 16,7-59 c16.7

Aiken Ak lendale B a d e r g Barnwell Beauf or& Calhoun Co l l e t on Dorchester Hampt on Jasper Lexington Orangeburg

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Acres -. - -. .-- - 469,173 4,530 93,515 221,099 158,635 5,253 46,032 $0,144 143,463 7,656 42,459 71,091 230,074 10,182 59,568 114,512 140,291 5,463 50,613 48,423 133,304 9,040 45,659 56,645 455,704 53,520 203,833 141,953 267,917 19,829 105,888 126,510 258,770 21,209 81,333 122,201 290,726 18,341 146,023 97 ,458 246,892 5,757 32,993 80,597 367,741 19,059 142,949 138,796

Total

a See stocking standards on page 1%.

Unit T a b l e s

Table 10*---Area o f timberland, by f o r e s t t y p e and o m e r s h i p class, So~thern Coastal P l a i n of S o u t h Ca ro l i na , 1984

B m e r s h i p class

Forest t y p e A& I. Fares t ownerships National O t h e r Forest industry- Other

Fsres t pub1 i c industry leased p r i v a t e

Softwood t y p e s W h i t e pine-hemlock S p r u c e - f i r Longleaf p i n e Slash pine Lob101 %y p i n e Shortleaf p i n e V i r g i n i a pine Sand p ine Eas t e rn redcedar Pond p i n e Spruce p i n e P i t c h p i n e Table Mountain p i n e

T o t a l

Hardwood types Oak-pine 361,880 -- 27,597 34,488 -- 299,795 Oak-hickory 329,308 -- 20,094 41,642 -- 267,572 Chestnut oak -a .-.- -- -- -- Southern s c r u b oak 1 2 2 , 4 1 0 -- "9,363. -- -- 113,049 Oak-gum-cypress 913,756 -- 31,953 178,801 -- 703,002 Elm-as5-csttsnwosd 32,712 2,007 2,986 3,014 -- 24,7435 Maple-beech-birch -- -- -- -- -- -raw

All types 3,162,690 6,021 213,336 612,782 8,729 2,321,902

Table ?Is--Area of tiderland, by m e r s k i p and stocking cfassea of g r o w i n ~ ~ t o c b t reea , Southern Coastal P l a i n o f South Carolina, 1987

Stocking class (percent)a e r s h i p class Ak l

classes >I30 %O&S-30 60-99 56,7-59 <16,7

~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A c r e ~ E S 1 E S 1 E S 1 E S 1 E S 1 E S 1 E S 1 E s 1 E S 1 E S 1 E S 1 E S 1 E S 1

National Pores t 6,021 2,007 -- 4,014 -“-e -- Other publ ic 213,336 14,424 78,235 88,820 29919% 1 686 Forest industry 612,702 53,650 256,793 236,980 47,905 17,371 Forest industry-Leased 8,728 862 5,834 1 , 364 1,369 IILI-

Other private 2,321,902 167,896 710,703 968$25% 439,080 95,972

a See stocking standards on page 11,

Table I2,---dbrea sf timberland, by f o r e s t type and stand-size class, Southern Coastal P l a i n o f South Carolina, 1987

Stand-size class

Forest type A'b l Nsnstocked

stands Sapling- Sawtimber P o l e t i d e r 8%"eBS

seedling

Softwood types i"rd9.ri te pine--hemlock Spruce-fir Longleaf p ine S l a s h p ine LobEsh ky pine Shortleaf p i n e Vi rg in i a pine Sand p ine Eas tern redcedar Pond pine Spruce p ine P i t c h pine Tab le Mountain pine

- - - a - Acres -- --

Total

Hardwood t y p e Oak-pine 361,880 169,452 69,969 125,094 5,365 Oak-hickory 329 308 100,355 89,195 125,970 13,788 Chestnut oak -- -- -- -- -- Southern scrub oak 122,410 8,281 15,428 25,808 72,893 Oak-gum-cypress 913,756 563,862 142,333 163,512 14,049 Elm-ash-cottonwood 32,712 29,833 2,879 -- -- Maple-beech-birch -- -- -- -- em

T o t a l

A11 types

Table ~3,--Area of timberland, by stand-age and broad mnagement classes, all ownerships, Southern Coastal P l a i n of South Carolina, 1987

Broad -nagemen$ class Stand-age c lass A1 1

(years) classes Pine Natural Upland Lowland plantation pine OakWpine hardwood hardwood

8-10 P 1-20 21-30 31-40 41-56 51-60 69-70 71-88 81+

Mo manageable stand

A11 classes 3,162,690 667,450 935,134 361,880 451,718 946,468

T a b l e i4,----Area 0% timberland, by stand-age and broad management e$asees , public ownerships, Southern Coastal Blain o f South Carolina, 1989

Broad mnnagement class S tand-age elas s All

(gears) classes P i n e Hatural Upland Lowland plantation pine hardwood hardwood

0-$0 11-20 2P-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-90 71-80 81+

No mniigeable stand

A l l classes 219,357 82,808 42,551 27,597 29,455 36,946

Table 15,--Area o f timberland, by stand-age and broad management classes, forest industry,a Southern Coastal P l a i n of South Carolina, 1987

Broad management c lass Stand-age class All

(years) classes P ine Na tu r a l Upland Lowland plantation pine hardwood hardwood

0-10 11-20 21-30 3 1-40 41-50 5 1-60 51-70 7 $ ---80

8%+ No manageable

192,103 88,640 99,290 44,820 31,646 24,415 18,775 18,117 2"7,115

stand 76,510

- - --. Acres - - -- -

12,652 9,298 -- 2,195

7,381 5,824 10,523 4,041 2,195 6,382 2,195 2,195 2,195 --

-- --

A 9 1 classes 621,431 315,058 48,428 34,488 41,642 181,8ES

8 Includes 8 ,729 acres of other p r i v a t e Land under long-term lease,

Table l6,--Area of timberland, by stand-age and broad management classes, o the r p r i v a t e smerships," Southern Coastal P l a i n sf South Carolina, 1987

Broad management clasa S tand-age cPas s All

(years) classes Pine Natural Upland Lowland plantation pine oak-pine hardwood hardwood

0-10 B 1-20 2 1-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80

8%+ No manageable

437,433 184,345 225,340 230,848 262,929 238,620 130,391 39,785 71,668

stand 500,543

All classes 2,321,902 269,584 644,195 299,795 380,621 727,707

a Excludes 8,729 acres o f other private Land under long-term lease to fo res t industry,

Table 17,--Area o f t i de r l awd , b y broad mnnagemewt and s&and-volume classes, Southern Coastal P l a i n s f South Carolina, 1987

Broad mananement

C11

c l a s s

Stand-volme c lass (cubic feet of growing stock per acre)

Pine plantation 667,458 355,650 88,486 43,516 62,825 116,973 Natural p ine 735,114 141,356 98,842 112,763 143,884 239,127 Oak-pine 361,880 123,527 60,983 63,888 39,929 73 3, 553 Upland hardwood 451,718 268,624 08,745 31,871 38,493 51,985 Lowland hardwood 946,468 172,843 98,671 87,691 92,727 494,536

A l l classes 3,162,690 1,062,000 406,927 339,729 377,866 976,174

C .d Li cC1 u a a G O O 3 g g a ~ l a

u-4 -ck Pt 0 cg G m z

ef-4

Pt

Table 22,--Area sf t i a b e r l a n d t r e a t e d o r d i s tu rbed annual ly and r e t a i n e d i n t imberland, by t rea tment o r d i s t u r b a m and ownership c l a s s , Southern Coas ta l P l a i n of South Ca ro l ina , 1978 t o 1987

Omersh ip class Treatment

Of ax 1 Forest disturbance ownerships Fores t indars try- Other

i n d u s t r y leased p r iva te

Final harvest Partial harves tb Comercia1 th inning Qther stand improvement S i t e preparation Artificial regenerationc Natural regeneratione Other treatment Natura l d i s tu rbance

a Since some a c r e s exper ience more than one t rea tment o r d i s tu rbance , there a r e no column totals*

b~ncludes high grading and some s e l e c t i v e c u t t i n g . c

Inc ludes establ ishment of t r e e s f o r tiniber product ion on fo res t and nonfores t land,

Table 23,--Area of t imberland t r e a t e d o r d i s tu rbed annual ly and r e t a i n e d i n t imberland, by treatment o r d is turbance and broad management c l a s s , Southern Coas ta l P l a i n of South Carolina, 1978 to 1987

Treatment A *

W L

disturbance

Broad management c l a s s a A 1 1

classes P i n e Natura l Oak- Upland Lowland p l a n t a t i o n pine pine hardwood hardwood

F i n a l harvest 73,332 12,988 28,899 12,969 8,459 10,817 Partial harvest" 169,981 308 3,528 1,391 1,6601 4,073 Comercia1 th inn ing 12,554 8,601 3,636 317 -- -- Other stand improvement 3,657 1,813 2,349 -- 295 -- S i t e preparation 43,661 10,346 16,092 3,825 8,139 5,259 Other treatment 6,944 749 2 ,162 2,066 993 974 Natural dis turbance 29,926 62,269 8,737 2,769 2,804 3,347

a Classification before treatment o r d i s turbance ,

b ~ i n c e some acres experience more than one t reatment o r d i s tu rbance , there are no column totals,

c Inc ludes high grading and s m e selective cmt ing.

Table %,--Area o f timberland regenerated annual%g, by type o f regeneration and broad management c lass , Southern Coastal P l a i n o f South Carolina, 1978 to 1987

oh: regeneration

Broad management classa All

classes Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood

Artificial regeneration following harvest 25,238 22,678 -- 2,185 -- 375

Natural regeneration following harvest 24,589 261 6,610 2,349

Other a r t i f i c i a l regen- eration on forest %and

Other na tu ra l regen- eration on forest land 9,826 --

Artificial regeneration on nonforest land 3,368 3,368 -- -- -- --

Natural reversion o f nonfosest %and 5,902 -- 3,620 958 348

8 Classification af ter regeneration,

Table 25~--Area of e ide r l and , by treatment opportunity and broad management e%asses, Southern Coastal P l a i n of South Carolina, 1987

Broad management elass Treatment

appor tunity All

classes P ine Natural Oak- class

Upland Lowland plantation pine pine bardwoad hardwood

Salvage 19,102 7,785 Narve s t 163,677 -- ComereiaB thinning 99,308 54,825 Other stand improvement 209,126 11,658 Stand conversion 60,403 2,6632 Regeneration 603,997 18,938 Stands in r e l a t i v e l y good condition 1,926,981 571,690

Adverse sites" 80,046 --

- - - - Acres --- - - 5,480 -- 32,732 2,118 32,566 -- 51,264 43,766

5,446 8,665 91,820 109,081

All classes 3,162,690 667,450 935,174 361,880 451,718 946,468

a Areas where mnagewnt opportunities are severely limited because of steep slopes or poor drainage.

Tab le 26,--Area s f timberland, by treatment opportunity and omersh ip classes, Southern Coastal. Bla in sf South Carolina, 198%

Treatment opportunity A% 1

Forest omersh ips c lass Forest industry- Other

Pub'ic i ndus t ry leased gr iva t e

Salvage Ig,PO2 Harve s t 163,677 GomeaePab th inn ing 99,308 Other stand iwprovement 209,126 Stand conversion 60, $03 Regeneration 603,997 Stands in relatively good condition

a 1,926,901

Adverse s i t e s 80,076

- Acres .--

A l l classes 3,162,690 219,357 612,702 8,729 2,321,902

a Areas where management opportunities are severely limited because o f steep

s lopes or poor drainage,

I ar-. I - l m m rsl m

p.. h R S-i

-0 m 44 C h

4 P-4

COPlcm I u3 ~ e 4 ~ l a ?$? '? b W d a m m N 0

e.4 e

m

I N O m l -43-a 1 M

I N i f c-7 1

Table 31,--Volume of tiniber on t imberland, by class of t imber and species group, Southern Coas ta l P l a i n of South Caro l ina , 1987

C la s s of t imber A l L Other S o f t Bard

spec i e s P ine softwood hardwood hardwood

- - - - - - - - - Thousand cubic f e e t - - - - - - - - Sawtimber t r e e s

Saw-log po r t i on 3,009,594 1,476,232 181,135 782,035 570,192 Upper-stem po r t i ona 393,025 133,491 19,615 151,027 88,892

T o t a l 3,402,619 1,609,723 200,750 933,862 659,084 Polet imber trees

A l l growing-stock t r e e e

Bough trees

Sawt imber s i z e P o l e t imber s i z e

T o t a l

Rorten trees

Sawt imber s i z e Polet imber s i z e

To ta l

SaPvable dead t r e e s

Sawtimber s i z e 5,940 2,738 182 1 , 202 1,818 P o l e t imber s i z e 4,060 1,952 67 919 1,122

Tota l

T o t a l , a l l t imber 5,085,543 2,083,934 231,800 1,617,902 P,%51,907

a Inc ludes c u l l s e c t i o n s i n t he saw-log po r t i on ,

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Table 41,--Net annual growth and removals o f live timber and growing s t o c k on timberland, by species, Southern Coastal. Plain o f South Carolina, 1986

Spec ies

L i v e timber" Growing s tock

Net Annual Net Annual annua k timber annual t irnber growth remsva%s growth removals

Softwood Yellow pines Eastern white pine Spruce and f i r Cypress Other eastern softwoods

- - - - - Thousand cubic feet - - - - -

T o t a l softwoods

Hardwood Se lec t white and

red oaks Other white and

red oaks Hickory Yellow b i r c h Hard maple Sweetgum Ash, walnut, and

black che r ry Y e l low-poplar Tupelo and blackgum Bay and magnolia Other eastern hardwoods

T o t a l hardwoods

d%I% species

a Merchantable por t i on only,

Table 42.--Net annual growth and removals of sawtimber on timberland, by species, Southern Coastal Plain of South Carolina, 1986

Species Net Annual annual timber growth removal s

Thousand board feet

Softwood Ye1 low pines Eastern white pine Spruce and fir Cypress Other eastern softwoods

Total softwoods

Hardwood Select white and red oaks

Other white and red oaks

Hickory Yellow birch Hard maple Sweetgum Ash, walnut, and black cherry

Yeh low-poplar Tupelo and blackgum Bay and magnolia Other eastern hardwoods

Total hardwoods

All species

V1 TI 0 0

B 3 3 -3 M 6-r

-a -3 s a a G "B C 0 "Pi C hd C @ X Q d a g-t k p . 4 6 6 a c - k a s ~ = i h a B) U 4=JaB--.l W Q j

a a a , a i a s d a a, - p n l & B) OJ @.-.( 8-iS b 0 4 F1( k S S d P"ZhS w a @ *T i iQ) ( IS$a 5 4 3 @ U k r n O S * @ m * B w m O a m

Table 44.--Mortality of live timber, growing stock, and sawtimber on timberland, by species, Southern Coastal Pea in of South Carolina, 1986

Species Live Growing timber" stack

Sof tw215.od Yellow pines

Thousand Thousand - - - - board feelt:

Eastern white pine -- -- -- Spruce and f i r -- -- Cypress 974 92 9 O t h e r eastern softwoods 73 73

Total softwoods

Hardwood Select white and red oaks

Other white and red oaks

Hickory Yellow b i r c h Hand w p l e Swee tgum Ash, wa%3ut, and

black cherry Ye1 Low-poplar Tupelo and blackgum Bay and m@o%ia Other eastern hardwoods

Total hardwoods -

All species 48 ,952 37,068 104,330 -

k r c h a n t a b l e po r t ion only.

- ; t m m * o m upP"tm m a n

m m m d P - 4

Table 46,--Land area, by land use class, major forest type, and survey completion date, Southern Coastal Plain of South Carolina

Survey completion date Land use class Change

1968 1978 1987 1978-1987

Forest land Timberland: Pine and oak-pine types 1,692,540 1,759,416 1,764,504 +5,088 Hardwood types 1,571,727 1,463,968 1,398,186 -65,782

Total 3,264,267 3,223,384 3,162,690 -60,694

Reserved timberland Woodland

Total forest land 3,271,386 3,240,385 3,174,378 -66,007

Nanforest land Cropland Pasture and range Other

Total 1,841,448 1,855,564 1,918,511 +62,947 -- -

All landa 5,112,834 5,095,949 5,092,889 -3,060

a Excludes all water areas.

rn4p-q \ Q e Q r - N m m

m a r - a m e x 3 p- ti m e -

Vag lB CJ r n t i h e - t e c c )