forestry and forests climate change challenge think globaly act localy

Forestry and ForestsClimate Change

Challenge

THINK GLOBALY ACT LOCALY

BITOU

Adapt to Climate Change: Bring Back Indigenous

Forest to Africa

Community Indigenous Forestry Units (CIFU’s)

By: Albert Arthur Ackhurst

BITOU

BITOU Climate Change Strategy

• Indigenous Forestry Conservation Economy • Growing natural forests not monoculture

• Global Carbon Trading Markets – 60Bn $ 2007

• Capacitating up to 28 new companies: – SMME’s– BBB-EE

• Half a tree’s dry biomass = Carbon (C)• World markets are paying $’s per ton CO2e• Growing forests (trees) mitigates climate change

By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007


Climate Change Challenges for Forestry

Increased Fires!!

Increased Flooding!!

Increased pathogens!!

Boreal / Taiga

Temperate Deciduous

Tropical

Afro-temperate Evergreen

Forests contain about 70% of all carbon present in living things

Forests cover about one third of the total land mass

Forests are critical in that they take up CO2 from the atmosphere and

store it as biomassBy Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007


Suffered devastation at the hand of colonialism and

industrialization Only a fraction left of Africa’s Southern lung

Africa’s

forests

We are losing forest at a rate of 2 soccer fields per secondBy Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007

Boreal / Taiga

Temperate Deciduous

Tropical


Northern / Southern hemisphere distribution


Boreal / Taiga

Temperate Deciduous

Tropical


So where is the potential?

Boreal Browning

Tropics are good

But they are pretty much intact

Revive Africa’s Lung!

3 Million sq km of opportunity

Ice age Inundation


Indigenous forestry Potential

Through UNFCCC – Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Small scale mechanisms for Aforestation / Reforestation

Sinking carbon at 30 to 40 tonnes of CO2e per Hectare / yr

Selling Carbon credits at $6 ↑ per tonne CO2e ($15 soon)

20 to 30 year cycles

Sparking Local Economic Development in Bitou

Improving ecosystem services

Rationale for this Initiative

Loss

Of

Natural

Forest!

Early humans

Fynbos, Exotics & Timber plantations

Rationale to restore

Social and Environmental equity

Driven by fire & wind

exacerbated by anthropogenic impacts

(e.g. crops, burning for grazing,)

Colonialism

Anthropogenic impacts up to and

eventually Enabling

industrialisation

Southern African

Afro-temperate

Forest


Loss

Of

Natural

Forest!

Early humansFynbos (Medt. Scrub), Aliens

& Timber manifested

Rationale to restore

Social and Environmental equity

•Socio-economic redress

•Jobs in indigenous forestry

•Biodiversity conservation

•Ecosystem services

•Re-import Carbon stocks

•Improved water mngmt.

Southern African

Afro-temperate

Forest

Colonialism

Community forestry


Problems we need to overcome

1. Low confidence due to fire risk and premature harvesting

2. Need to clear aliens to plant indigenous forests

(To avoid potential future water crisis?)

1. But DNA definition include aliens as forest

2. Therefore need to change in SA’s definition for legibility of A/R

3. Need zero baseline scenario for alien removal and forest planting

4. DWAF, DEAT and DME to remedy the restrictions

Local

Problem

Our Response…

Fynbos and Aliens burn

every 5 to 12 years

Setting clock back to zero

Increasing:

•Habitat loss

•Substrate compaction

•Rampant fires

•Flooding

•Loss of water

•Wholesale carbon export

•POVERTY


Southern Cape Landscape wide scale…Of the more than 208 000 ha’s of original indigenous forest

less than 74 000 hectares remain

>133 000 ha’s of land potential for Community Indigenous Forestry!!


Developed Afro-centric Indigenous Forestry Database, Field verification and sustainable LED business models

BAARTMAN-BIKO

ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

What we have done

•Concept

•Research

•Pilot

•Scale-up

•Replicate & Roll-outBy Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007

Developed Seedbank (accelerate propagation of trees)By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007

Indigenous Forestry Skills and Nursery

TYPE SIZE Ha STATUS LAND TENURE

Indigenous Forestry 0.8 to 8 Ha Pilot project Private (Self Funded)

•Researched the Carbon market – UNFCCC-Kyoto

•Researched and implemented rapid Re-Aforestation

•Developed economic models & Green-collar jobs

•Developed Community participation and discourse

•Aligned with local IDP

Established Local Community Project

Planting Indigenous Forest & Creating Jobs


The Phi Nursery

Seed harvest

Propagation

Bagging & Prep

Ready for planting

From Climate Change Problem to Community Development


Single Community Nursery design on half a Hectare

80% Shadenet

60% Shadenet

Propagation shed

Off take area

Mulch

Water

System of 10m x 10m square areas (units)


Propagation unit (10m x 10m)

Consisting of double rows of seedling trays (100)

25 x (100 plug trays)

75 x (200 plug trays)= 17,500 plugs every 3 to 6 months Considering 60% yield

= 105 000 plugs (3-6 mts)

design

10m x 10m unit


Energy Efficient Workflow Dynamic

Manpower

Gravity


A single Community Nursery on half a hectare can produce 200,000 trees supporting the Indigenous Forestry of 100

hectares each year.

100 Ha’s

Single Community Nursery design on half a Hectare


A Community Forestry Nursery is associated with other BBB-EE SMME’s who contracts with and sell to each

other in a unique sustainable conservation economy, defined as a Community Indigenous Forestry Unit

(CIFU).

Micro-economics of

Community Indigenous Forestry


Community Indigenous Forestry Unite.g. 8 nurseries, 8 alien clearing teams, 2 transport teams, etc.

•Alien clearing team startsSells poles and biomass•TransportOccurs between all business units•Materials providers prep and sourceSells to nursery builders•Mulchers prep biomassSells to nurseries and Forest planting•Builders build Phi nurseriesSells to Nursery owners•Seed agents source seed/lingsSells to nurseries, buys from collectors•Nursery owners grow seedlingsSells to Forest initiation (planters)•Re-aforest. teams plants up ha’s Sells to Project owner/trader?•M & F cares for and raises treesSells service to Project owner?Project owner (community) sells biomass/carbon

CIFU Business units Jobs

Materials providers(2)

Materials supervisor

Materials processors x 3

Transport(2)

Driver supervisor

Loading and logistics x 2

Alien clearing(8)

Supervisor

Team admin and cooking

Machine/chainsaw Operators x 2

Alien Cut and stack x 6

Substrate development (mulchers)(4)

Mulching supervisor

Mulcher Operator

Mulcher Loading and logistics x 4

Seed agents (collectors)(4)

Seed Agents

Seed collectors x 2

Builders (nurseries)(2)

Builder

Building staff x 4

Nursery (growers)(8)

Nursery manager

Horticulturist x 2

Nursery workers x 4

Re-aforestation (planting)(8)

Re-aforestation supervisor

Re-aforestation worker x 4

Maintenance and fire mgmt (8)

M & F Supervisor

M & F workers x 4

New Forest = 800 to 10 000 Ha’s

28 New BBB-EE Bitou SMME’s

(Program of works 800 to 10 000 ha’s)

New jobs = 40 to 500 (in 5 years)

Individual businesses within a CIFU requires a full range of administrative and business

support services to succeed

Startup entrepreneurs require mentoring support in establishing new businesses.

A full service business incubator from startup through profitability is provided at a capped flat rate of up to 30% overhead which is included in

the business models and is covered by the project cost


Operations

Trading

Business dev.

Marketing & Sales

Business services

Negotiating

Forests

Aliens

Fire

NurseriesTransport

seeds

Builders

Materials

Mulch

Carbon

Bio-offs

Audit CDM

Fund

Fin

DTI grants

Subs

Project

Private

New-biz

HRBooks

Legal

Training

Space & Place

Partners

Land-use

Full Service Business Incubator


CIFU CASHFLOW REINVESTMENT MODEL

Cost of 1 CIFU


Land where CIFU PPP’s may be located

Community agreements are NOW needed with:

Local Authorities

Land Affairs

DWAF

SANParks

DEADP

Private Landowners

Developers

Up to 100 000 ha’s in Bitou Municipality possible!


Materials

Mulching

Alien clearing

Fire & Maintenance (F

&M)

Jobs

001015021042063094125146150153155157159160

Mulching

Materials

800 ha’s/pa

Seeds

Seeds

Over The Next 10 Years in Bitou

500

10,000 ha’s/paBy Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007

1 Ha Timber Forestry 1 Ha Indigenous forest

Reduced water retention Improved water retention

Very high fire risk over 20 yrsIncreases exponentially with climate change

Very low fire risk over 20 yrs

Improved soil, mulch and litter layerImproved catchment, reduced erosion

Reduced soil nutrient & catchmentIncreased risk of erosion

WaterWater

FireFire

EcologicalEcologicalServicesServices

New opportunities for various SMME’s in stratified career paths

Restricted within high overheadsAnd regulated industry standards LEDLED

High potential for sustainable use(medicines, ecotourism, fruits, seeds, and saplings for indigenous projects)

Low potential for sustainable Alternative products

NTPNTPNon Timber

Products

New Worldwide Carbon marketsHigh volume of indigenous biomass,Soil carbon increases over time (tradable)

Cannot trade carbon on timber standswithin 30 years of land-use change,

soil Carbon reduces over time

CARBONCARBONTrees & Soil

$7/t CO2e

Annual returns based on increment and current pricing in growing market

Risk of market uncertainty over longTerm, return only after long rotations

ROIROIReturn on Inv.Return on Inv.

R+ per HaExcluding timber, NTP and eco-services value

R4,700-00 to R6,000-00 per Ha Land UseLand UseValue P/aValue P/a

Barriers to entry into the World Carbon Market

1.Current pricing low for A/R between $4 - $6 / tCO2e

2.Low confidence due to fire risk and premature harvesting

3.Need to clear aliens to plant indigenous forests

4.But DNA definition include aliens as forest

5.Therefore change in SA’s definition for legibility of A/R

6.Need zero baseline scenario for alien removal and forest planting

7.A concerted effort by DWAF, DEAT and DME to remedy the restrictions

8.We believe DWAF can lead this initiative for a better future

9.Currently Only Voluntary mechanisms through tCERS and lCers

It is foreseen that this mechanism will exponentially increase as a worldwide effort to benefit poor local communities and ecosystem services along with avoided deforestation (REDD).

forestry and forests climate change challenge think globaly act localy

Documents

secondby albert ackhurst

biomassby albert ackhurst

carbon present

climate change challenges

indigenous foreststo

carbon cworld markets

aliens burnevery

clear aliens