Forestry and GAPForestry and GAPbyby

Michelle Gauthier (Forestry Conservation Service) (FORC)Michelle Gauthier (Forestry Conservation Service) (FORC)Christine Holding-Anyonge (Forestry Policy and Institutions Service) (FONP)Christine Holding-Anyonge (Forestry Policy and Institutions Service) (FONP)

Laura Russo (Forest Products Service) (FOPP)Laura Russo (Forest Products Service) (FOPP)

Presented at FAO Workshop on GAPsPresented at FAO Workshop on GAPsThursday 28 October 2004Thursday 28 October 2004

Working PowerPoint updated April 2006Working PowerPoint updated April 2006

GAP Concept and ForestryGAP Concept and Forestry

Good Agricultural Practices Good Agricultural Practices is the application of available knowledge to the is the application of available knowledge to the

use of the use of the natural resource basenatural resource base in a in a sustainable way for the production of safe, sustainable way for the production of safe, healthy healthy foodfood and and non-foodnon-food agricultural agricultural

productsproducts, in a humane manner, while , in a humane manner, while achieving achieving economiceconomic viability and viability and socialsocial

stability.stability.

Complexity of the forestry resourceComplexity of the forestry resource

Resources: Forests, planted forests, agroforestry systems, other trees outside forest systems

Lands: Forests and other wooded lands, agricultural Urban and Rural

Products: Wood, pulp and paper, fuelwood

Non Wood Forest Products (nwfp), Agroforestry products

Services: Watershed conservation, soil fertility, erosion Control, windbreak, landscape management

* Definition of nwfp (land origin); and agroforestry

Driving forces… ChallengesDriving forces… Challenges

• Tree and land tenure - Public and private Tree and land tenure - Public and private • Scale/level: farming systems; watershed; landscape; production systemsScale/level: farming systems; watershed; landscape; production systems• Goods and servicesGoods and services• Stakeholders: small-farmer, community, private enterprise, government, local Stakeholders: small-farmer, community, private enterprise, government, local

authoritiesauthorities

Three pillarsThree pillarsEconomic, social and environmentalEconomic, social and environmental

““Good Practices in Forestry”Good Practices in Forestry”

… … GAP, GAFP, SFMP, GHP, GMP, …GAP, GAFP, SFMP, GHP, GMP, …..Good Agricultural Practices, ‘Good Agroforestry Practices’, Sustainable Forest ..Good Agricultural Practices, ‘Good Agroforestry Practices’, Sustainable Forest

Management Practice, Good Hygiene Practice, Good Manufacturing Practice..Management Practice, Good Hygiene Practice, Good Manufacturing Practice..

Three PillarsThree Pillars

Promotion of thesustainable forestry

Social equitable Environmental friendly

Economic viableForest Products and Economics Division (FOP)

Forest Resources Division (FOR)Forestry Policy and

Information Division (FON)

FAO Expertise in GAP and Good Forestry PracticeFAO Expertise in GAP and Good Forestry Practice (GFP)(GFP)

(Speedy dot classification system)(Speedy dot classification system)

GAP PAPER IIGAP PAPER II

• Food safety BFood safety B

• Environment MEnvironment M

• Social SSocial S

FORESTRYFORESTRY

• EnvironmentalEnvironmental

• SocialSocial

• Food SafetyFood Safety

… Synergy, Complementarity, Commonalities …

FAO Forestry Department roleFAO Forestry Department roleas it relates to GAP and GFPas it relates to GAP and GFP

• Assist member countries in developing & Assist member countries in developing & implementing Good Practices in the Forestry implementing Good Practices in the Forestry SectorSector

• Provides with a Neutral Forum for dialogue – Provides with a Neutral Forum for dialogue – equitable corporate & small-holders equitable corporate & small-holders partnership, negotiations processpartnership, negotiations process

• Facilitates International and National Facilitates International and National Processes – C&I, standards, codes of Processes – C&I, standards, codes of conducts, codes of practices, guidelines.conducts, codes of practices, guidelines.

Equitable Partnerships, Markets, Equitable Partnerships, Markets, and Forest Extension (C. Holding – FONP) and Forest Extension (C. Holding – FONP)

Forest extension seeks to:Forest extension seeks to:

• Promote problem solving and multi-stakeholder approaches to Promote problem solving and multi-stakeholder approaches to enhance the contribution of trees and forests to sustainable enhance the contribution of trees and forests to sustainable land use and food securityland use and food security

• Tackles issues of social justice, using principle of dialogue, Tackles issues of social justice, using principle of dialogue, learning processes, and balanced with parameters of learning processes, and balanced with parameters of environmental sustainabilityenvironmental sustainability

• Emphasis on partnerships that facilitate access to markets and Emphasis on partnerships that facilitate access to markets and market informationmarket information

• Forest extension is elaborating and implementing a variety of Forest extension is elaborating and implementing a variety of partnership approaches base don the principles social, partnership approaches base don the principles social, economic equity and environmental sustainabilityeconomic equity and environmental sustainability

Corporate Small-holder partnership (1)Corporate Small-holder partnership (1)Why now?Why now?

• Demand for forest productsDemand for forest products• Harvesting in natural forests proscribed: Harvesting in natural forests proscribed:

environmental and conservation concerns; environmental and conservation concerns; biodiversity; indigenous rightsbiodiversity; indigenous rights

• Future production foci: planted forests and Future production foci: planted forests and trees on farmstrees on farms

• Livelihoods diversification opportunities for Livelihoods diversification opportunities for smallholderssmallholders

Corporate small-holder partnership (…2)Corporate small-holder partnership (…2)Conditions for mutually beneficial partnershipsConditions for mutually beneficial partnerships

• PolicyPolicy• EconomicEconomic• Socio-culturalSocio-cultural• EcologicalEcological• ManagementManagement

- Preconditions

- Mutually beneficial

- Recognition of diverse

and multiple objectives

- Sustainability

- Respectful practices,

joint action learning

Outgrower schemes in Brazil, Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Portugal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe…

Corporate small-holder partnershipsCorporate small-holder partnershipsVision (…3)Vision (…3)

• Improved effectiveness, efficiency and equity Improved effectiveness, efficiency and equity of partnerships between corporate and of partnerships between corporate and smallholder investors in planted trees and smallholder investors in planted trees and forests landscapesforests landscapes

• Corporate smallholder partnerships Corporate smallholder partnerships exhibiting greater equity supported by and exhibiting greater equity supported by and integrated into institutional, legal integrated into institutional, legal frameworks, corporate strategies and policy frameworks, corporate strategies and policy process in their respective countriesprocess in their respective countries

Corporate small-holder partnerships (…4)Corporate small-holder partnerships (…4)How to get thereHow to get there

• Understanding of appropriate Understanding of appropriate contexts for partnerships contexts for partnerships improvedimproved

• Guidance for partnerships Guidance for partnerships improvedimproved

• Capacity for partnerships Capacity for partnerships improvedimproved

• Governance of partnerships Governance of partnerships improvedimproved

C&I, Guidelines, Codes of conduct/practices,C&I, Guidelines, Codes of conduct/practices,

E&S assessments, Standards and CertificationE&S assessments, Standards and CertificationSustainable forest management (SFM)Sustainable forest management (SFM)

– International and national processes on criteria and International and national processes on criteria and indicators for SFMindicators for SFM

• C&I as a framework for SFM and certification schemesC&I as a framework for SFM and certification schemes• 9 international processes, 150 countries9 international processes, 150 countries• Tenure and use rights and responsibilities; Indigenous Tenure and use rights and responsibilities; Indigenous

Peoples’ Rights, Benefits from the forests, Peoples’ Rights, Benefits from the forests, Environmental impact, Management plan, Monitoring and Environmental impact, Management plan, Monitoring and Assessment; Maintenance of high conservation values Assessment; Maintenance of high conservation values forest; plantationsforest; plantations

• StakeholdersStakeholders

– FAO Model Code of Forest Harvesting Practices (next …)FAO Model Code of Forest Harvesting Practices (next …)– Model and demonstration forests (next …)Model and demonstration forests (next …)

C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…2)C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…2)

Sustainable forest management (SFM) (…2)Sustainable forest management (SFM) (…2)– FAO Model Code of Forest Harvesting PracticesFAO Model Code of Forest Harvesting Practices

• Social dimension in codes of forest practices: Social dimension in codes of forest practices: ILO and labour standards in forest industriesILO and labour standards in forest industries

• Environmental and social assessment of forest Environmental and social assessment of forest utilizationsutilizations

• Regional codes: Asia-Pacific (1999) , Central Regional codes: Asia-Pacific (1999) , Central and West Africaand West Africa

• National codes (e.g. Australia, British National codes (e.g. Australia, British Colombia, FijiColombia, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Malaysia, , Guyana, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, South Africa)New Zealand, South Africa)

C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…3)C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…3)

Sustainable forest management (SFM) (…3)Sustainable forest management (SFM) (…3)– Model and demonstration forestsModel and demonstration forests

• Canada … voluntary partnership of all individual, Canada … voluntary partnership of all individual, organizations, interest groups and private companies organizations, interest groups and private companies who have a stake in the SFMwho have a stake in the SFM

• International Model Forest Network (IMFN) in 32 model International Model Forest Network (IMFN) in 32 model forests in 12 Countries (Canada, USA, Mexico, Chile, forests in 12 Countries (Canada, USA, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Russian Federation, Japan, China, Myanmar, Argentina, Russian Federation, Japan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia)Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia)

• FAO/Japan Regional Forest Project in Asia covering FAO/Japan Regional Forest Project in Asia covering China, the Philippines, Thailand and Myanmar China, the Philippines, Thailand and Myanmar

• FAO/Technical Cooperation ProjectFAO/Technical Cooperation Project (TCP) project in (TCP) project in ArgentinaArgentina

• FAO : Identification of potential future model and FAO : Identification of potential future model and demonstration forestsdemonstration forests

• Other partners: CIFOR, ITTO, CATIE, …Other partners: CIFOR, ITTO, CATIE, …

C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…4)C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…4)

Sustainable forest management (SFM) (…4)Sustainable forest management (SFM) (…4)

– Forest management certification: Forest Forest management certification: Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Pan European Stewardship Council (FSC), Pan European Forest CouncilForest Council (PEFC), Rainforest Alliance (PEFC), Rainforest Alliance

SFM for goods (e.g. wood, pulp & paper, nwfp, SFM for goods (e.g. wood, pulp & paper, nwfp, fuelwood, wildlife) … services and welfarefuelwood, wildlife) … services and welfare

C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…5)C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…5)

Planted Forests CodePlanted Forests Code– Draft publicly released – a framework of guiding principles & key Draft publicly released – a framework of guiding principles & key

considerations for planted forest developments (multi-stakeholder process considerations for planted forest developments (multi-stakeholder process on-going) on-going) http://http://www.fao.org/forestry/plantedforestscodewww.fao.org/forestry/plantedforestscode

– Feedback & dialogue (on-going)Feedback & dialogue (on-going)Fire Management CodeFire Management Code

– 22ndnd draft Code & Strategy to Enhance International Cooperation in draft Code & Strategy to Enhance International Cooperation in Implementation of the Fire Management Code (multi-stakeholder process on-Implementation of the Fire Management Code (multi-stakeholder process on-going) going)

– Expert consultation, Madrid, May 2006 to review Code and StrategyExpert consultation, Madrid, May 2006 to review Code and Strategy

Processes for Planted Forests Code & Fire Management Code & Strategy Processes for Planted Forests Code & Fire Management Code & Strategy supported by Africa Forestry & Wildlife & Asia Pacific Forestry Commissions supported by Africa Forestry & Wildlife & Asia Pacific Forestry Commissions (March/April 06), Private Sector Associations & International NGOs(March/April 06), Private Sector Associations & International NGOs

Final Drafts of Planted Forests Code & Fire Management Code & Strategy to Final Drafts of Planted Forests Code & Fire Management Code & Strategy to COFO, 2007 for consideration & appropriate action, incl. capacity building, COFO, 2007 for consideration & appropriate action, incl. capacity building, monitoring & reportingmonitoring & reporting

C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…6)C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…6)

Non-wood forest products (nwfp)Non-wood forest products (nwfp)– Best practices for selected NWFP: Best practices for selected NWFP:

• TCP on gum arabic, agarwoodTCP on gum arabic, agarwood• Case studies Case studies BoliviaBolivia (brazil nut, Nuevo Milenio); (brazil nut, Nuevo Milenio); Ghana Ghana (shea, (shea,

TechnoServe), TechnoServe), NamibiaNamibia (Devil’s caw, CRIAA SA-DC), (Devil’s caw, CRIAA SA-DC), GermanyGermany (devil’s claw, TRAFFIC) and (devil’s claw, TRAFFIC) and UKUK (Brazil nuts, consultant) (Brazil nuts, consultant)

– FOP is assessing the impact of trade and marketing on the FOP is assessing the impact of trade and marketing on the sustainable use of nwfpsustainable use of nwfp

– Publications: e.g. “Labelling, standards and certification issues for Publications: e.g. “Labelling, standards and certification issues for forest gathered food products”forest gathered food products”

– Collaborators for certification and guidelines: WHO, ILO, ITTO, Collaborators for certification and guidelines: WHO, ILO, ITTO, IFOAM, IUFRO, CIFOR, CRIAA SADC, IUCN, WWF/TRAFFIC, IFOAM, IUFRO, CIFOR, CRIAA SADC, IUCN, WWF/TRAFFIC, UNCTADUNCTAD

C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…7)C&I, Codes, Standards, Guidelines (…7)

Agroforestry, urban forestry and other Trees outside forestsAgroforestry, urban forestry and other Trees outside forests

– Agroforestry and Special Programme for Food Security Agroforestry and Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) such as:(SPFS) such as:

• Nigeria - introduction of an agroforestry component; with Nigeria - introduction of an agroforestry component; with ICRAFICRAF

• Guatemala – community forestry Guatemala – community forestry – Agroforestry Extension and Food Security: Web material (in Agroforestry Extension and Food Security: Web material (in

preparation)preparation)– 11stst World Congress of Agroforestry (Orlando, USA, 2004): World Congress of Agroforestry (Orlando, USA, 2004):

Parallel session on Agroforestry & Food SecurityParallel session on Agroforestry & Food Security– Low forest cover countries (LFCC) and the Tehran ProcessLow forest cover countries (LFCC) and the Tehran Process– Trees Outside Forests (TOF) and Forest Resources Trees Outside Forests (TOF) and Forest Resources

Assessment (FRA) –Assessment (FRA) – assessment (data collection and assessment (data collection and methodology development)methodology development)

– Certification : IFOAM, Forest Garden Initiative (FGI), Certification : IFOAM, Forest Garden Initiative (FGI), Rainforest Alliance/Smartwood Programme (FSC Draft Rainforest Alliance/Smartwood Programme (FSC Draft Principle # 11)Principle # 11)

Sustainable Forest ManagementSustainable Forest Management

and NWFP Certification (1)and NWFP Certification (1)

• Sustainable Forest ManagementSustainable Forest Management (SFM) (SFM) CertificationCertification

• Organic CertificationOrganic Certification• Social CertificationSocial Certification• Product Quality CertificationProduct Quality Certification

Sustainable Forest Management Sustainable Forest Management and NWFP Certification (...2)and NWFP Certification (...2)

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Generic guidelines for assessing the management of NTFP in natural forests:1. Commitment to FSC principles and legal requirements;2. Land tenure and use rights and responsibilities;3. Forest management planning and monitoring;4. Forest management practices;5. Environmental impacts & conservation;6. Social & cultural impacts;7. Community & worker relations;8. Benefits from the forest and economic viability;9. Chain of custody.Draft Principle # 11 on NTFP

Some publicationsSome publications

Thank you