forests and climate strategy by wwf peru

N

2014

Forests and Climate Strategyby WWF Peru

CREDITSMAIN AUTHOR: Forests and Climate Strategy by WWF PeruMAIN PUBLISHERS: María Eugenia Arroyo

For more information contact:María Eugenia Arroyo Osso | Forests and Climate Project Coordinator | WWF [email protected]

COVER PHOTOGRAPH: © WWF Perú Published in May 2014 by WWF

Any reproduction, in full or part, must mention the title and recognize the credits of the above-mentioned publisher as copyright owner.

© 2014 Text WWF

All rights reserved

WWF is one of the largest and most experienced independent organizations in the world, with close to 5 million members and a global network active in over 100 countries.

The mission of WWF is to stop the Earth’s environmental degradation and build a future where human beings may live in harmony with nature, preserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of natural resources is sustainable and promoting the reduction of contamination and encouraging responsible consumption.

WWF adopts its global mission locally seeking that in 2020, Peru preserves its biological diversity in prioritized landscapes and keeps its environmental and cultural contribution to the world within a framework of equity, greater human well-being and ecological footprint reduction.

The largest and most bio-diverse tropical forest of the world is not only home to 10% of all earth species, but also provides key environmental services to humanity. With more than 70 million hectares of forests, Peru ranks second in forest land in Amazonia, which hosts the most extraordinary and biodiverse Amazonian ecosystems: from unique cloud forests to gigantic flood jungles that include the largest Ramsar site (wetland of international importance) in Amazonia, in harmonious coexistence with indigenous communities and peoples, who find in this great territory their main way of life, their legacy, their home.

PRESENTATION

CONTENTExecutive summary....................................................................................................... 5

Accomplishments and Lessons Learned..................................................................... 6

Putting the Puzzle: “Putting the pieces together for a proposalREDD + in Madre de Dios................................................................................................ 7

Mapping Madre de Dios............................................................................................... 9

Diagnostic of training needs of public and private organizations............................ 11

Tools for REDD in Peru.............................................................................................. 13

Diploma on Environmental Management and Serviceswith major in M.R.V. .................................................................................................. 15

Estimating Tropical Forest Carbon Stocks................................................................ 17

Estimation of Aboveground Biomass of the Forestsin the Region of Madre de Dios.................................................................................. 19

Mapping of eco-system services with InVEST.......................................................... 21

Carbon Monitoring Manual....................................................................................... 23

Indigenous REDD+.................................................................................................... 25

Free, prior and informed consent and REDD+........................................................ 27

Building a REDD+ mechanism for people and nature............................................ 29

Technical progress for REDD in Madre de Dios...................................................... 31

Forests and Climate Strategy by WWF Peru |

Amazon ProgramIn response to a rapidly changing environment, a growing demand for natural resources and the need to address the various threats posed by climate change, our intervention is comprehensive and, accordingly, we have developed five strategies: i) Protected Natural Areas and indigenous territories, ii) Governance and sustainable forests markets, iii) Forests and Climate, iv) Conservation of species v) Extractive industries and infrastructure. To implement these strategies we contributed through the design and implementation of policies that promote sustainable development models, promoting participatory management of protected areas, accompanying indigenous communities towards certification of their forest management by promoting better practices in extractive activities, or investigating wildlife in situ. WWF works closely with communities, authorities and the private sector to ensure sustainable development of the Peruvian Amazon and the well-being of its local populations.

Forests and Climate StrategyBy deforesting, we lose much more than just forests, their biodiversity and diverse natural resources. We lose their ability to store large amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide, which when released contribute to global warming. The burning of forests and other changes in land use generate about 20% of total global emissions of greenhouse gases and in Peru they are over 40% of the annual total.

To counter these threats, WWF Peru promotes the proper implementation of the mechanism for Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), promoting Low-Carbon Development approach in order to reduce degradation and deforestation in Peruvian forests, with a near zero emissions balance. Therefore, within the framework of this strategy, WWF has developed a series of publications that contribute towards achieving these objectives, either through effective communication tools needed to address key issues surrounding deforestation, as well as the implementation and replication of experiences in related areas.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

| Forests and Climate Strategy by WWF Peru

Accomplishments• The design and implementation of the first Diploma in Environmental

Management with emphasis on Monitoreo, Reporte y Verificación (MRV, por sus siglas en inglés) had a great impact among the region as it led to contribute to the creation of local capacities where a wide group of people from the government, indigenous peoples and NGOs participated and supported REDD+. This has contributed to the progress Madre de Dios has reached in MRV.

• The Environmental Services and REDD+ Roundtable of Madre de Dios (MSAR from its name in Spanish) has become an important space for establishing regional guidelines for the REDD. The roundtable has an annual operating plan and a technical committee that encourages participation and serves as a space for synergistic efforts. The roundtable is recognized as a major advancement in institutional strengthening and coordination with the regional government.

• The MSAR is being strengthened and operates regularly under the leadership of the Regional Government of Madre de Dios (GOREMAD) and with the financial support of several international institutions and NGOs. MSAR takes the responsibility for the building of a REDD+ baseline in Madre de Dios coordinating the initiatives of institutions that were working individually. On the other hand, GOREMAD and the Civil Society of Madre de Dios are developing more capacities, unifying concepts and criteria so as to implement environmental services and REDD+ projects that coordinate with national processes.

• The REDD+ process in Madre de Dios has been long, but participatory and inspiring because it has helped to improve environmental governance, institutional arrangements and stakeholder’s participation under the leadership of the regional government with a strong involvement of indigenous leaders; demonstrating that REDD+ serves as a means to achieve green development. This process has called the attention from other regions, becoming a “model” that could be replicated in other Amazon regions.

Lessons learned• Any process that involves joint initiatives should be built from a

consensus and social pact to ensure shared responsibilities and commitments. Commitments provide balance and sustainability of project activities.

• It is essential to strengthen capacity and to create a critical mass of professionals and technicians at the subnational level, who live and work locally. This can offset the high turnover of decision makers and keep the learned knowledge in the region.

• The participation is a constant process (before, during and after REDD+ development) which needs to be constructed taking into consideration the IP views, respecting their times and that has to be communicated in a proper manner.

ACCOMPLISHMENTSAND LESSONS LEARNED


This document is the result of systematizing the experience of the Environ-mental Services and REDD+ Table (MSAR - Reduction of Emissions from De-forestation and Forest Degradation). This practice narrates the construction of an alliance between the Regional Government of Madre de Dios and the Ta-ble for the preparation and implementation of REDD+ within the framework of a vision of green development and sustainable use of natural resources.

The creation of the Environmental Services and REDD+ Table and of the new Regional Environmental Authority (ARA) institutionalized through a social pact, is a demonstration of the consolidation of a State policy for environmen-tal governance. The Table serves as supporting experience for the national and regional governments in the preparation and implementation of REDD+.

The institutionalization of spaces for reaching consensus and the strengthe-ning of capacities between the Government and the civil society promote changes that are sustainable over time at regional scale and enforceable at national and international level.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1rK5IQD

PUTTING PIECES TOGETHER

PUTTING THE PUZZLE TOGETHER

PUTTING PIECES TOGETHER

PARA REDD+


MAPPING MADRE DE DIOS

MAPPING MADRE DE DIOS

This Inspiring REDD+ Practice highlights the participatory process that the regional government used to collect valid information on patterns of deforestation and to develop a map of forest carbon for the Madre de Dios region. This was made possible thanks to the particular focus on strengthening the existing technical and institutional capacity of the regional government and civil society.

The Regional Government of Madre de Dios (GOREMAD) needed to implement a plan for the use of their natural resources that met the national mandate of the Ministry of Environment, following the nested REDD+ approach adopted by Peru. In this regard, the government sought to gather information on deforested areas. While there was information available on different isolated studies, none of these had formal validation. There was also a growing demand for official information on deforestation, as various REDD+ initiatives began in the region. Therefore the Technical Consortium on REDD+ was created to, thus, fulfill the increasing demands on official deforestation information. The goal of this consortium was to review existing research on deforestation and define the methodology for calculating deforestation rates and information on carbon and biomass.

For further information, download the complete version from: http://bit.ly/1snHu0j

MAP OF FOREST CARBON

FOR MADRE DE DIOS


Peru has ahead equally huge opportunities and challenges to integrate its 73 million hectares of forests (and the social and environmental situation present in them) into a sustainable development model. In this respect, being able to implement a mechanism that may actually enable the reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) without detriment to environmental sustainability and social equity, becomes one of the highest priorities. To go from political discussion to the constructive development of the REDD+ mechanism requires the active participation of different stakeholders, incorporating the priorities of the Government and the Civil Society into all the elements of the REDD+ National Strategy. This participation will be more effective according to the preparation of the actors involved.

If REDD+ really seeks to be a supporting tool for national development, we need to consolidate work done from 2008 in the country, understand the perspective of all actors living in and from the forest, particularly the indigenous peoples, and strengthen the capacities of public and private organizations involved in REDD+ design and implementation. This is key to ensure that the due safeguards are understood, developed and used by the actors involved along the process in order to guarantee due participation, transparency and accountability and to prevent possible negative impacts on vulnerable habitats or inhabitants.

WWF Peru considers that REDD+ offers a unique opportunity to solve both the direct consequences of climate change and the underlying causes of forest loss and degradation. We believe that this opportunity in development, within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, may prevent catastrophic consequences, avoid a greater biodiversity loss, promote better quality of life of the forest inhabitants and support transition to low-carbon development.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1y0fm7v

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODEL

DIAGNOSTIC OF TRAINING NEEDS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS

REDD+SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT MODEL


This tool was formulated to explore the universe of actors, relations and capacities existing on REDD matters in Peru. The purpose is to present the structure of the instruments used, the specific purposes of each instrument and the considerations that must be present for a successful application. This is a combined tool that consists of: (i) a semi-structured interview guide; (ii) a structured survey form (the two previous ones gather qualitative and quantitative data about the interviewee and his/her role in REDD, as well as those referred to his/her institution and about the capacities associated to the functions performed by the different actors); (iii) meetings with key informants; (iv) bibliographic review; (v) considerations for data recording and processing; and (vi) data analysis. It should be noted that the instruments used in this tool work jointly and in synergy, as none of the instruments by itself would be able to offer completely the type of information pursued.

In our process, interviews took place prior to the surveys, thus enabling the construction of the survey according to the results of the interviews. Likewise, the meetings were scheduled according to the information that was required and to the process validations based on the preliminary results of the interviews and surveys. In turn, the bibliographical review was permanent from the initial planning of the research work to the analysis itself.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1wbplqd

MAPPING KEY ACTORS TO IMPROVE REDD+ CAPACITIESIN PERU

TOOLS FOR REDD IN PERU

DIAGNOSTICTOOLS

FOR REDD IN PERUAND AROUND THE WORLD


In June 2011, the National Amazonian University of Madre de Dios (UNAMAD) through Consorcio MP and WWF Perú, entered into a cooperation agreement for the strengthening of Environmental Management and REDD+ Capacities, currently under execution by WWF Peru in Madre de Dios, under agreement with the Regional Government of Madre de Dios. In this context, the university offered the course leading to Diploma on Environmental Management and Environmental Services with Major in Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) from July to December 2011, with the participation of national and international faculty and specialist.

The purpose of this course was to offer advanced education for a systemic and comprehensive vision of the environmental problems of the country and the region. Furthermore, it sought to strengthening the capacity to participate in inter-disciplinary teams in charge of environmental research, planning and management for the preparation, conduction and evaluation of paid projects for Environmental Services and for Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of forest carbon stocks within the framework of the regional and national REDD+ programs.

Thanks to this alliance, it was possible to strengthen local capacities in Madre de Dios and with the graduates from their different job positions in public and private institutions, some of the processes already on the way are being strengthened, as for example, preparing the region for the proper implementation of a development strategy low in carbon, by assisting in the design and implementation of environmental policies for the region.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1oeYKse

WWF PERU AND THE NATIONAL AMAZONIAN UNIVERSITY OF MADRE DE DIOS: STRENGTHENING LOCAL CAPACITIES

DIPLOMA ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES WITH MAJOR IN M.R.V.

STRENGTHENINGENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

AND REDD+ CAPACITIES


As part of the REDD+ preparation (Reduction of Emissions from Defores-tation and Degradation) in Madre de Dios and the work done about forest carbon in Peru, participative activities have taken place between the Regional Government of Madre de Dios (GOREMAD) and the civil society, represented by the Environmental Services and REDD+ Table (MSAR).

In this respect and owing to the joint actions, more than 600 plots were systematized for air biomass estimation, distributed throughout the territory of the Madre de Dios Region. The databases were provided by local, national and international organizations, public and private, that assisted by sharing their information to be analyzed within the framework of the activities of the Environmental Services and REDD+ Table (MSAR).

This systematization seeks to obtain information about the forest carbon reserves in the different types of forests of Madre de Dios as a result of the REDD+ preparation and implementation process in Madre de Dios. This study contains the analysis on the use of different methodologies applied in biomass estimation and standardization, data quality evaluation and calcula-tion of the average carbon stock for the forests of the region.

This study was conducted in joint efforts with the technical team of the WWF Forests and Climate Program and has the scientific support of the University of LEEDS (R. Goodman; T. Baker, O. Phillips). This is the result of the efforts of the representatives of the Natural Resources and Environmental Mana-gement Office of the GOREMAD, the active participation of the key actors of ACCA, AIDER, Bosques Amazónicos, DRIS, IIAP, Empresa Forestal Puma-quiro, and the support of the FCP, RAINFOR, WWF International and WWF Perú.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/11G1hkR

GETTING TO KNOW THE CARBON RESERVES OF THE MADRE DE DIOS FORESTS

ESTIMATING TROPICAL FOREST CARBON STOCKS

KEY FORESTCARBON RESERVES

TO IMPLEMENT REDD+

One of the most important challenges at national and regional level is to generate detailed information, with low levels of uncertainty with regard to both estimations of carbon reserves stored in the forests and historic deforestation rate, as these studies constitute key input for the construction of regional and national reference levels to be used for implementation of the strategies for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

This study is a thorough and participatory work jointly conducted by WWF Perú and the Forests and Climate Program of the WWF (FCP) the University of Leeds and the Panel on Environmental Services and REDD+ (MSAR) of Madre de Dios; the analyses were based on field data from more than 600 plots of land on aboveground biomass estimation, distributed in the different types of vegetation in the Madre de Dios forests. Furthermore, it incorporates the recommendations from the IPCC Good Practices Guide (2003 and 2006) with statistical analysis for each stage of the study, which provide processing transparency. In addition, the study uses allometric equations to estimate aboveground biomass generated for the Madre de Dios forests (Goodman et al., 2014).

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1yoDZxY

CARBON MAPPING REPORTIN MADRE DE DIOS

INFORM ABOUT CARBON CONTENTIN THE LIVE ABOVEGROUND

BIOMASS OF MADRE DE DIOS

ESTIMATION OF ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF THE FORESTS IN THE REGION OF MADRE DE DIOS


In May 2013, the first regional workshop “Mapping of ecosystem services with InVEST for the decision making process: an approach from case studies in the Amazon” took place.

The aim was to strengthen capacities in the use of the InVEST tool (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs), which allows to map, quantify and value ecosystem services and enhance their application in decision making processes associated with territory management. As we know, ecosystem services are the benefits we get from nature, such as the supply of water, pollination of crops and flood control. However, despite their importance, they are still insufficiently studied, measured and assessed, which causes them to not be incorporated in decisions about current and future land management.

This report shows the results obtained during this event which sought to bring together key players in the region (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru) to train, share experiences and discuss the best way to integrate assessment of ecosystem services within the current political context.

This exchange experience generated a network of institutions working in the field, plus support from WWF in key issues that goes hand in hand with the implementation of the InVEST approach through a pilot study in Madre de Dios.

The workshop and the publication of this report were achieved with the financial support of Sall Family Foundation and the WWF Amazon Initiative.

Likewise, the Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) ProGobernabilidad, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and the Center for Environmental Sustainability of Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (CSA-UPCH) actively assisted in organizing the event.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1rK6n4K

REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAPPING OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES WITH INVEST

MAPPING OF ECO-SYSTEM SERVICES WITH InVEST

INVEST:MAPPING, QUANTIFYING AND

VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES


Tropical forests, besides being a great source of useful resources for the people, represent today one of the main options to mitigate global warming due to their enormous potential to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and fix it to their structures, thus constituting one of the largest deposits of carbon in nature. However, these forests today are reduced due to the accelerated increase of deforestation occurring worldwide. This puts more and more CO2 in the atmosphere.

Currently, it is necessary to value the forests for the importance of their role in capturing and storing carbon from the atmosphere, thus regulating the balance of the carbon cycle on the planet. However, the understanding of the operation of this cycle is not popular domain due to its complexity and lack of training in general.

In this sense, this manual seeks to reach the general public with basic concepts on carbon, biomass and how we can measure and monitor the flow of carbon stored in our forests, in order to understand their importance in mitigating climate change, keeping their integrity and helping to reduce this problem.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1FecQPV

KEY CONCEPTS TO KNOW ABOUT CARBON

CARBON MONITORING MANUAL

CO2CO2

CO2CO2

CO2RESERVOIR

RAINFORESTS


In addition to their incalculable biological and cultural value, Amazonian forests play a key role in maintaining not only a stable climate, but also the global environmental balance. Therefore, it is necessary to value the integrity of the ecosystem services they produce, and which allow, among other actions, to capture and store greenhouse gases such as CO2, preventing them from accumulating in the atmosphere and intensifying the so-called global warming.

Indigenous Amazonian REDD+ is an initiative to assess the integrity of the ecosystem services of forests and indigenous territories, which goes beyond carbon sequestration in areas with greatest threat of deforestation, and rather encourages to take a comprehensive view and wide approach to incorporate other goods and services provided by forests. Indigenous Amazonian REDD+ is a contribution to the construction of the REDD+ mechanism that not only seeks to prioritize conservation and management of forests and territories for our life, but also encourages cooperation, and proposes alternatives to address climate change with the equitable participation of indigenous peoples and industrialized countries.

For further information, download the complete version from: http://bit.ly/1xhXztH

INDIGENOUSAMAZONIAN REDD+

INDIGENOUS REDD+

AMAZONIANFORESTS:

THEY REGULATE CLIMATE, REDUCE CO2 AND MITIGATE

CLIMATE CHANGE


One aspect that has generated great interest about Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) conservation, sustainable management and improvement of forest carbon stocks is the potential it has to support the forest management activities of indigenous peoples and local communities. The potential social benefits associated to REDD+ initiatives include the strengthening of the community’s rights to land and resources, empowerment of community institutions and increase of income through the distribution of benefits.

At the same time, REDD+ has generated a concern with regard to possible adverse impacts on the indigenous peoples’ rights and the community’s rights, their way of life and cultures, including restrictions in land and resources rights, greater forest management centralization and an unfair distribution of benefits.

The free, prior and informed consent (CLPI) of the indigenous peoples and other communities that depend on the forests is widely recognized as a basis to guarantee the opportunities that REDD+ may offer and to address its risks in order to contribute to more equitable, effective and sustainable REDD+ initiatives. Meanwhile, there are logistic challenges to achieve the effective continuation of CLPI. A number of recent publications and current processes seek to address these issues, including the development of policy practices and procedures.

One of the goals of this work document is to turn these policy practices into procedures and governing principles for the WWF programs working on REDD+ to ensure that the rights for CLPI are respected and supported. Furthermore, the document provides a compilation of additional and more detailed materials about which the programs may obtain further information.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1yLeYNm

RESPECTING THE RIGHTS TO PREVIOUS CONSULTATIONAND REDD+

FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT AND REDD+

PREVIOUS CONSULTATION

REQUIRED FOR ADEMOCRATIC PROCESS


This report is a reflection on lessons learned during three years of work, building and evaluating capacities towards reducing forest carbon emissions over approximately 15,5 million hectares of the most important tropical forests worldwide, a region larger than England.

Three years ago, WWF started a work program to support and use the potential REDD+ conservation and support opportunities with funding from the Norwegian government. This work sought to develop REDD+ models that would guarantee a scalable management of forest systems, or one that would grow as it progressed, involving, in turn, the communities that live in and depend on the forests so as to improve their means of life and it was conducted in three key tropical forest landscapes covering approximately 15,5 million hectares: the Maï-Ndombe region of the Democratic Republic of Congo, the district of Kutai Barat, of the province of Eastern Kalimantan in Indonesia and the region of Madre de Dios in Peru.

For further information, download the complete version from: http://bit.ly/1vGxBRd

REDD+ FOR PEOPLEAND NATURE

BUILDING A REDD+ MECHANISM FOR PEOPLE AND NATURE

REDD+EDUCTION

MISIONS

EFORESTATION

EGRADATION


TECHNICAL PROGRESS FOR REDD IN MADRE DE DIOS

The Madre de Dios River that originates in the Peruvian Andes is an affluent of the Amazon River. The area along which this river runs hosts more than 8 million hectares of tropical jungle. The Madre de Dios Region is home to the largest concentration of bird species in the world and also of healthy populations of jaguars, tapirs and other large mammals and it is considered one of the most bio-diverse regions of Amazonia. The forests of Madre de Dios play a key role in the well-being of more than 4,900 persons that live in the region: local communities, indigenous peoples and, even, isolated indigenous groups.

However, the ever increasing pressures on these forests, as for example the expansion of the agricultural frontier, increasing migration, large infrastructure and energy projects, gold mining and illegal tree felling, among other factors, intensify deforestation in the region. Today, the Inter-ocean Highway that connects Brazil and Peru opens Amazonia to the Pacific Basin economy. Social and political problems, such as land tenure, the limited participation of local actors in decision making and the lack of planning in the productive sectors, contribute to the causes of deforestation in Madre de Dios. These threats show the urgent need to carry out a sustainable management of the forests. The preparation and implementation of a REDD+ mechanism (Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) in Peru would not only be a means to mitigate climate change, but also to keep these valuable forests standing, with the associated benefits.

For further information, download the complete version from:http://bit.ly/1px6iY8

REDD+ MECHANISM: KEY TO MAKE PROGRESS IN THE LOCAL AGENDA OF MADRE DE DIOS

MADRE DE DIOSCAPITAL OF BIODIVERSITY

FORESTS AND CLIMATE STRAGETY

If there is no URL

With URL - Regular

OR

Why we are hereTo stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment andto build a future in which humans live in harmony and nature.

Why we are here

wwfperu.org

To stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment andto build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.

FAIR & EFFECTIVE FUNDINGREDD+ mobilizes immediate, adequate and predictable resources for action in priority forest areas in an equitable, transparent, participatory and coordinated manner

RIGHTSREDD+ recognizes and respects the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities

CLIMATEREDD+ demonstrably contributes to greenhouse gas emission reductions with national goals working toward a global objective

• FORESTS AND CLIMATE STRAGETY - 2014 MEMORY

WWF PeruTrinidad Morán 853 LinceLima 14 - PeruTel.: +51(1) 440 5550

WWFPERU.ORG

LIVELIHOODSREDD+ contributes to sustainable and equitable development by strengthening the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities

BIODIVERSITYREDD+ maintains and/or enhances forest biodiversity and ecosystem services

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