2

Foreword

Praise be to Allah, Who bestowed His Favors and Graces upon His servants, and

granted them the guidance to faith. All gratitude and thankfulness to Allah, Who conferred upon us the eloquence and

language of Qur'aan. Peace and blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad, who was sent as a mercy for all

creation as the Seal of the Prophets. We put in the hands of the dear reciter a translation of the book "Learn At-Tajweed with

the Quran drilling Circles (i.e., religious study circles) ", entirely dedicated to (the

principles of Al-Tajweed science the recitation of Al-'imaam Hafs according to `Aasim).

The organization of its themes arose in such a sequence to facilitate and assure the gradual

evolution of the practice of recitation.

We present it in an easy way with a simple display, including summarized and concise

information in order to greatly help in learning Qur'aanic recitation in accordance with the

scientific bases and solid foundations known as 'The Science of Tajweed'. It is the science

which focuses on the improvement of recitation by giving each letter its rights and dues of

characteristics with accuracy and precision in order to bring it to perfection while reciting it.

Actually, the scholars of Qiraa'aat and the erudite reciters all agree and approve that the

Noble Qur'aan should be recited in a specific manner in perfect accordance with what was

revealed to the Prophet, (salla Allahu `alaihi wa sallam) , reflecting exactly the manner in

which Al-Qur'aan was transmitted to a large number of the noble companions, (radiya Allah

′anhum) . They, in turn, taught it to their followers and so on, until it came to us via these

chains, without any violation or transgression even in a single letter or vowel. This is the

meaning lying behind the words of Allah: “And recite Al-Qur'aan as taught to be recited

with tarteel (i.e., in slow, measured, rhythmic tones)”. 'ibnu `abbaas said in the

3

interpretation of this verse: "Make it clear and apparent". Besides, Mujaahid said: "Take

your time and be slow while reciting it in a slow and melodious style". Moreover, Ad-

Dahhaak commented by saying: "While reciting, bring it out letter by letter, and separate

each letter from that which comes after it".

This is the way the Prophet, (salla Allahu `alaihi wa sallam), used to recite the Noble

Qur'aan, in a slow, measured, rhythmic tone. Moreover, his recitation was a model for

skillfulness, expertise, accuracy, and excellence. This is corroborated by the description

given by 'ummu Salamah, (may Allah be pleased with her), when she was asked about the

recitation of her husband, the Messenger of Allah, (salla Allahu `alaihi wa sallam).

Actually, she described it as a recitation clearly distinguished letter by letter, indicating that

it was very clear in its articulation points together with the proper characteristics.

This led the scholars to put great consideration on writing down these rules deduced

from Al-Mutawaatir1 transmission of the Prophet's recitation, (salla Allahu `alaihi wa

sallam). These rules are known as ''the Science of Tajweed''.

In turn, we found it suitable to offer a translation of this science, which has been

summarized in our book "Learn Tajweed within AL- Quran Drilling Circles", in order to

transmit to non-Arabs all these magnificent scientific benefits, so that the utility of this

science will spread worldwide involving the entirety of humans.

We implore Allah, the Most Glorified, the Most High, to grant us success and rightness.

In addition, we invoke Him to accept our good deeds and benefit His servants.

1.The transmission of Al-Qur'aan is mutawaatir transmission, that is, there is a large

number of narrators on each level of the chain.

2

Foreword

Praise be to Allah, Who bestowed His Favors and Graces upon His servants, and

granted them the guidance to faith. All gratitude and thankfulness to Allah, Who conferred upon us the eloquence and

language of Qur'aan. Peace and blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad, who was sent as a mercy for all

creation as the Seal of the Prophets. We put in the hands of the dear reciter a translation of the book "Learn At-Tajweed with

the Quran drilling Circles (i.e., religious study circles) ", entirely dedicated to (the

principles of Al-Tajweed science the recitation of Al-'imaam Hafs according to `Aasim).

The organization of its themes arose in such a sequence to facilitate and assure the gradual

evolution of the practice of recitation.

We present it in an easy way with a simple display, including summarized and concise

information in order to greatly help in learning Qur'aanic recitation in accordance with the

scientific bases and solid foundations known as 'The Science of Tajweed'. It is the science

which focuses on the improvement of recitation by giving each letter its rights and dues of

characteristics with accuracy and precision in order to bring it to perfection while reciting it.

Actually, the scholars of Qiraa'aat and the erudite reciters all agree and approve that the

Noble Qur'aan should be recited in a specific manner in perfect accordance with what was

revealed to the Prophet, (salla Allahu `alaihi wa sallam) , reflecting exactly the manner in

which Al-Qur'aan was transmitted to a large number of the noble companions, (radiya Allah

′anhum) . They, in turn, taught it to their followers and so on, until it came to us via these

chains, without any violation or transgression even in a single letter or vowel. This is the

meaning lying behind the words of Allah: “And recite Al-Qur'aan as taught to be recited

with tarteel (i.e., in slow, measured, rhythmic tones)”. 'ibnu `abbaas said in the

3

interpretation of this verse: "Make it clear and apparent". Besides, Mujaahid said: "Take

your time and be slow while reciting it in a slow and melodious style". Moreover, Ad-

Dahhaak commented by saying: "While reciting, bring it out letter by letter, and separate

each letter from that which comes after it".

This is the way the Prophet, (salla Allahu `alaihi wa sallam), used to recite the Noble

Qur'aan, in a slow, measured, rhythmic tone. Moreover, his recitation was a model for

skillfulness, expertise, accuracy, and excellence. This is corroborated by the description

given by 'ummu Salamah, (may Allah be pleased with her), when she was asked about the

recitation of her husband, the Messenger of Allah, (salla Allahu `alaihi wa sallam).

Actually, she described it as a recitation clearly distinguished letter by letter, indicating that

it was very clear in its articulation points together with the proper characteristics.

This led the scholars to put great consideration on writing down these rules deduced

from Al-Mutawaatir1 transmission of the Prophet's recitation, (salla Allahu `alaihi wa

sallam). These rules are known as ''the Science of Tajweed''.

In turn, we found it suitable to offer a translation of this science, which has been

summarized in our book "Learn Tajweed within AL- Quran Drilling Circles", in order to

transmit to non-Arabs all these magnificent scientific benefits, so that the utility of this

science will spread worldwide involving the entirety of humans.

We implore Allah, the Most Glorified, the Most High, to grant us success and rightness.

In addition, we invoke Him to accept our good deeds and benefit His servants.

1.The transmission of Al-Qur'aan is mutawaatir transmission, that is, there is a large

number of narrators on each level of the chain.

4

Transliteration of the Arabic alphabet

Table of transliteration

Q ق Z أ ' ز

K ك S س B ب

L ل Sh ش T ت

M م s (emphatic) ص Th ث

N ن d (emphatic) ض J ج

h (aspirated) هـ t (emphatic) ط H ح

W و dh (emphatic) ظ Kh خ

Y ع ` ي D د

Gh غ Dh ذ

F ر ف

Short vowels

A ـــــ

U ـــــ

I ـــــ

Long vowels

Aa ـــــا

Oo ــــو

Ee ــــي

5

Contents

First Volume

Chapter Page number

Seeking Refuge (Alisti`aadhah) and Saying

Al-Basmalah 6

Proper Pronunciation of the Vowels 10

Lengthening Letters and Their Symbols 13

The Duplicated An-Noon and Al-Meem 18

Echoing 22

The Non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween

Rules 26

Thickening And Thinning 62

The Non-voweled Al-Laam Rules 74

The Lengthening 87

Table of transliteration

Short vowels

Long vowels

4

Transliteration of the Arabic alphabet

Table of transliteration

Q ق Z أ ' ز

K ك S س B ب

L ل Sh ش T ت

M م s (emphatic) ص Th ث

N ن d (emphatic) ض J ج

h (aspirated) هـ t (emphatic) ط H ح

W و dh (emphatic) ظ Kh خ

Y ع ` ي D د

Gh غ Dh ذ

F ر ف

Short vowels

A ـــــ

U ـــــ

I ـــــ

Long vowels

Aa ـــــا

Oo ــــو

Ee ــــي

5

Contents

First Volume

Chapter Page number

Seeking Refuge (Alisti`aadhah) and Saying

Al-Basmalah 6

Proper Pronunciation of the Vowels 10

Lengthening Letters and Their Symbols 13

The Duplicated An-Noon and Al-Meem 18

Echoing 22

The Non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween

Rules 26

Thickening And Thinning 62

The Non-voweled Al-Laam Rules 74

The Lengthening 87

Chapter Page number

6

Chapter of Seeking Refuge (االستعاذة) Alisti`aadhah

And Al-Basmalah ( ةبسملال ) Al-Basmalah

Seeking refuge with Allah before beginning the recitation (االستعاذة)

Alisti`aadhah:

Its meaning:

I seek Allah's protection and take refuge with Him to preserve me from Satan and to

interpose between me and him.

Its wording:

" أعوذ باهلل من الشيطان الرجيم "

Rajeem-raanitShay-`oodhu billaahi minasha' as reads

I seek refuge with Allah from Satan the damned

" أعوذ باهلل السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم "

Rajeem-raanitShay-minash i`Aleem-Samee`il-oodhu billaahis`a' as reads I seek refuge with Allah, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from Satan the damned

Its ruling:

In all cases, seeking refuge is recommended. Therefore, it’s recommended for the

reciter to start recitation by seeking refuge whether he starts at the beginning of As-Soorah

or from its middle.

7

Its proof:

Allah, the Most Glorified, the Most High, says in the Noble Qur'aan:

◄

"So when you want to recite Al-Qur'aan, seek refuge with Allah from Shaytaan (Satan),

the outcast (the cursed one)"

reads as fa'idhaa qara'tAl-Qur'aana fasta`idh bil-Laahi minash-Shaytaanir-Rajeem (Soorat An-Nahl no.16 Aayah: 98)

How should it be recited?

Loudly: The reciter should seek refuge loudly in congregations, gatherings, and

assemblies of teaching.

Secretly: In the prayer, the reciter should always say it secretly.

Al-Basmalah (البسملة) Al-Basmalah:

Its meaning:

Saying Al-Basmalah refers to saying bismil-laah (بسم اهلل) , which means: I start my recitation seeking help through the Name of Allah, seeking blessing thereby.

Its wording:

The proper way to say Al-Basmalah is:

چھ ھ ھ ھچ ◄

"In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"

reads as Bismil-Laahir-Rahmaanir-Raheem

(Soorat An-Naml no.27 Aayah: 30)

6

Chapter of Seeking Refuge (االستعاذة) Alisti`aadhah

And Al-Basmalah ( ةبسملال ) Al-Basmalah

Seeking refuge with Allah before beginning the recitation (االستعاذة)

Alisti`aadhah:

Its meaning:

I seek Allah's protection and take refuge with Him to preserve me from Satan and to

interpose between me and him.

Its wording:

" أعوذ باهلل من الشيطان الرجيم "

Rajeem-raanitShay-`oodhu billaahi minasha' as reads

I seek refuge with Allah from Satan the damned

" أعوذ باهلل السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم "

Rajeem-raanitShay-minash i`Aleem-Samee`il-oodhu billaahis`a' as reads I seek refuge with Allah, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from Satan the damned

Its ruling:

In all cases, seeking refuge is recommended. Therefore, it’s recommended for the

reciter to start recitation by seeking refuge whether he starts at the beginning of As-Soorah

or from its middle.

7

Its proof:

Allah, the Most Glorified, the Most High, says in the Noble Qur'aan:

◄

"So when you want to recite Al-Qur'aan, seek refuge with Allah from Shaytaan (Satan),

the outcast (the cursed one)"

reads as fa'idhaa qara'tAl-Qur'aana fasta`idh bil-Laahi minash-Shaytaanir-Rajeem (Soorat An-Nahl no.16 Aayah: 98)

How should it be recited?

Loudly: The reciter should seek refuge loudly in congregations, gatherings, and

assemblies of teaching.

Secretly: In the prayer, the reciter should always say it secretly.

Al-Basmalah (البسملة) Al-Basmalah:

Its meaning:

Saying Al-Basmalah refers to saying bismil-laah (بسم اهلل) , which means: I start my recitation seeking help through the Name of Allah, seeking blessing thereby.

Its wording:

The proper way to say Al-Basmalah is:

چھ ھ ھ ھچ ◄

"In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"

reads as Bismil-Laahir-Rahmaanir-Raheem

(Soorat An-Naml no.27 Aayah: 30)

8

Its ruling: Al-Basmalah is obligatory on commencing the recitation of Al-Qur'aan at the

beginning of every Soorah (chapter of Al-Qur'aan), with the exception of Soorat At-Tawbah

no.9 (Repentance) at the beginning of which the reciter shouldn't recite Al-Basmalah. The

reason for not saying Al-Basmalah at the beginning of this Soorah is due to its absence from

Al-Masaahif 2 (written form of Al-Qur'aan) in the beginning of As- Soorah as it was

revealed.

It’s allowed when the reciter doesn't start recitation from the beginning of As-

Soorah. If he starts his recitation in the middle of one Soorah, then seeking refuge will be

enough for him.

2 Masaahif is the plural of Mushaf. The literal meaning of 'Mushaf' is 'collection of pages'. Its technical meaning is, therefore, the 'compiled, written pages of Al-Qur'aan' In other words, the term 'Qur'aan' refers to the specific 'revelation that was read to Prophet Muhammad ' ,whereas the term 'Mushaf' denotes the 'written form' of that revelation. Each Mushaf follows a particular 'Qira'ah' (recitation) of Al-Qur'aan. A 'recitation' is a way of writing or pronouncing Al-Qur'aan text, and there are ten recitations of the Noble Qur'aan.

9

Assessment

Complete the following:

The meaning of Alisti`aadhah (االستعاذة) is:

………………………….………………………………………….……………...…………

The wording of Alisti`aadhah (االستعاذة) is:

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

Complete the following:

The meaning of Al-Basmalah (البسملة) is:

………………………………….………………………………………….….………….….

Its wording: ……………………………………..………………………….……………..…

Its ruling: ………………………………………………………….……….……………...…

8

Its ruling: Al-Basmalah is obligatory on commencing the recitation of Al-Qur'aan at the

beginning of every Soorah (chapter of Al-Qur'aan), with the exception of Soorat At-Tawbah

no.9 (Repentance) at the beginning of which the reciter shouldn't recite Al-Basmalah. The

reason for not saying Al-Basmalah at the beginning of this Soorah is due to its absence from

Al-Masaahif 2 (written form of Al-Qur'aan) in the beginning of As- Soorah as it was

revealed.

It’s allowed when the reciter doesn't start recitation from the beginning of As-

Soorah. If he starts his recitation in the middle of one Soorah, then seeking refuge will be

enough for him.

2 Masaahif is the plural of Mushaf. The literal meaning of 'Mushaf' is 'collection of pages'. Its technical meaning is, therefore, the 'compiled, written pages of Al-Qur'aan' In other words, the term 'Qur'aan' refers to the specific 'revelation that was read to Prophet Muhammad ' ,whereas the term 'Mushaf' denotes the 'written form' of that revelation. Each Mushaf follows a particular 'Qira'ah' (recitation) of Al-Qur'aan. A 'recitation' is a way of writing or pronouncing Al-Qur'aan text, and there are ten recitations of the Noble Qur'aan.

9

Assessment

Complete the following:

The meaning of Alisti`aadhah (االستعاذة) is:

………………………….………………………………………….……………...…………

The wording of Alisti`aadhah (االستعاذة) is:

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

Complete the following:

The meaning of Al-Basmalah (البسملة) is:

………………………………….………………………………………….….………….….

Its wording: ……………………………………..………………………….……………..…

Its ruling: ………………………………………………………….……….……………...…

10

Proper Pronunciation of Vowels

Tahqeeq Al-Harakaat )حتقيق احلركات(

Proper pronunciation of vowels:

The Arabic letter always follows one of two cases:

* It is either non-voweled (saakin >'stationary', i.e., it is free from any vowel sign or it

bears Sukoon ( ) symbol).

* Or voweled (mutaharrik i.e., it carries harakah vowel point (more commonly called a

diacritic).

Vowels are of three kinds:

1- Al-Fathah: it's a tiny diagonal stroke above a letter ( ) and it produces the sound of 'a'.

2- Ad-Dammah: it's a tiny letter ( و ) Waaw above a letter ( ) and it produces the sound of

'u'.

3- Al-Kasrah: it's a tiny diagonal stroke under a letter ( ) and it produces the sound of 'i'.

When pronouncing the voweled letter (Al-Mutaharrik), it's compulsory to perform its

Harakah (vowel) in a way that is shown on the lips. This should be accomplished by

pronouncing the origin of the letter from which the vowel is generated without any

addition to it.

11

Consequently, while pronouncing the letter with Fathah, the mouth should be opened

exactly as the shape and manner of pronouncing the letter 'alif; such as in

reads as fahadaa,

reads as wana``mahu,

reads as watawallaa

Then, when articulating the letter having Dammah, it's compulsory to circle the lips

as if the letter Waaw was pronounced, like in these examples

reads as wujdikum

dhluaghw as reads

reads as wahuwa

reads as qul

reads as tasjudoo

Besides, while articulating a letter having Kasrah, it's compulsory to bring down the

lower jaw as in the way of pronouncing the letter Yaa', such as in

10

Proper Pronunciation of Vowels

Tahqeeq Al-Harakaat )حتقيق احلركات(

Proper pronunciation of vowels:

The Arabic letter always follows one of two cases:

* It is either non-voweled (saakin >'stationary', i.e., it is free from any vowel sign or it

bears Sukoon ( ) symbol).

* Or voweled (mutaharrik i.e., it carries harakah vowel point (more commonly called a

diacritic).

Vowels are of three kinds:

1- Al-Fathah: it's a tiny diagonal stroke above a letter ( ) and it produces the sound of 'a'.

2- Ad-Dammah: it's a tiny letter ( و ) Waaw above a letter ( ) and it produces the sound of

'u'.

3- Al-Kasrah: it's a tiny diagonal stroke under a letter ( ) and it produces the sound of 'i'.

When pronouncing the voweled letter (Al-Mutaharrik), it's compulsory to perform its

Harakah (vowel) in a way that is shown on the lips. This should be accomplished by

pronouncing the origin of the letter from which the vowel is generated without any

addition to it.

11

Consequently, while pronouncing the letter with Fathah, the mouth should be opened

exactly as the shape and manner of pronouncing the letter 'alif; such as in

reads as fahadaa,

reads as wana``mahu,

reads as watawallaa

Then, when articulating the letter having Dammah, it's compulsory to circle the lips

as if the letter Waaw was pronounced, like in these examples

reads as wujdikum

dhluaghw as reads

reads as wahuwa

reads as qul

reads as tasjudoo

Besides, while articulating a letter having Kasrah, it's compulsory to bring down the

lower jaw as in the way of pronouncing the letter Yaa', such as in

12

reads as wayaghfir

qriaaT-At as reads

reads as 'atmim

reads as 'anighdoo

On the other hand, the non-voweled letter comes out from its original articulation

point without being accompanied by any lip movement, just as in these words

reads as wayarzuqhu

reads as mu`tadin

reads as kuntum

13

Lengthening Letters and Their Symbols

Huroof Al-Madd Waramzuhaa (حروف املد ورمزها(

Definition of Al-Madd: Linguistically:

Al-Madd means ' increase'.

Idiomatically:

Al-Madd refers to the increase or lengthening of the sound duration in the

lengthening letters.

Its letters:

The letters of lengthening are three: Waaw (و), 'alif(ا) , Yaa' (ي), each one of these

letters should be non-voweled (Saakin i.e., has no diacritic on it), and preceded by an

appropriate vowel.

The non-voweled Al-'alif which is preceded by a letter with Fathah, such as in

reads as Al-Jibaala

reads as Al-Baari'u

The non-voweled Al-Waaw which is preceded by a letter with Dammah, like in

12

reads as wayaghfir

qriaaT-At as reads

reads as 'atmim

reads as 'anighdoo

On the other hand, the non-voweled letter comes out from its original articulation

point without being accompanied by any lip movement, just as in these words

reads as wayarzuqhu

reads as mu`tadin

reads as kuntum

13

Lengthening Letters and Their Symbols

Huroof Al-Madd Waramzuhaa (حروف املد ورمزها(

Definition of Al-Madd: Linguistically:

Al-Madd means ' increase'.

Idiomatically:

Al-Madd refers to the increase or lengthening of the sound duration in the

lengthening letters.

Its letters:

The letters of lengthening are three: Waaw (و), 'alif(ا) , Yaa' (ي), each one of these

letters should be non-voweled (Saakin i.e., has no diacritic on it), and preceded by an

appropriate vowel.

The non-voweled Al-'alif which is preceded by a letter with Fathah, such as in

reads as Al-Jibaala

reads as Al-Baari'u

The non-voweled Al-Waaw which is preceded by a letter with Dammah, like in

14

reads as Al-Quddoosu

reads as yukhrijookum

The non-voweled Al-Yaa' which is preceded by a letter with Kasrah as in

reads as 'aydeehinna

reads as nasta`eenu

The symbols of Lengthening:

Long lengthening ( الطويل املد ) Al-Madd At-Taweel is symbolized above the letter of

lengthening by the shape of a bird or sea wave (~), like in

reads as 'ash-Shitaaaaa'i,

reads as Al-Malaaaa'ikatu,

reads as soooo'u `amalihi,

,sanih'a eeeeef as reads

,adha' ooooYarah as reads

reads as biheeee 'anfusahum.

As for short lengthening ( القصري املد ) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer, in case the lengthing letter is

deleted (not written) or annexed to the end of a word, it's symbolized by:

15

A small 'alif having this symbol ( ا ) replacing Al-'alif. It's called 'Al-'alif Al-

Khanjariyyah' (or dagger 'alif), as in

.naamhRa-ra' as reads ,ghiyahaal as reads

A small Waaw having this symbol ( , ) replacing Al-Waaw, as in

.ubihli oonnahiwa' as reads

reads as wooriya, reads as Daawooda,

A reversed Yaa' having this symbol ( ۦ ) replacing Al-Yaa', as in

reads as bihee baldatan

,wa yumeetu eeyhyu as reads

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'al-Insaanu

The letter 'alif.

Its rule: short lengthening, because it's part of the lengthing letters Waaw, 'alif and Yaa'.

Its location: the letter 'alif which comes after the letter Seen (سني) and reads as saa (سا). It is

lengthened two vowel counts.

14

reads as Al-Quddoosu

reads as yukhrijookum

The non-voweled Al-Yaa' which is preceded by a letter with Kasrah as in

reads as 'aydeehinna

reads as nasta`eenu

The symbols of Lengthening:

Long lengthening ( الطويل املد ) Al-Madd At-Taweel is symbolized above the letter of

lengthening by the shape of a bird or sea wave (~), like in

reads as 'ash-Shitaaaaa'i,

reads as Al-Malaaaa'ikatu,

reads as soooo'u `amalihi,

,sanih'a eeeeef as reads

,adha' ooooYarah as reads

reads as biheeee 'anfusahum.

As for short lengthening ( القصري املد ) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer, in case the lengthing letter is

deleted (not written) or annexed to the end of a word, it's symbolized by:

15

A small 'alif having this symbol ( ا ) replacing Al-'alif. It's called 'Al-'alif Al-

Khanjariyyah' (or dagger 'alif), as in

.naamhRa-ra' as reads ,ghiyahaal as reads

A small Waaw having this symbol ( , ) replacing Al-Waaw, as in

.ubihli oonnahiwa' as reads

reads as wooriya, reads as Daawooda,

A reversed Yaa' having this symbol ( ۦ ) replacing Al-Yaa', as in

reads as bihee baldatan

,wa yumeetu eeyhyu as reads

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'al-Insaanu

The letter 'alif.

Its rule: short lengthening, because it's part of the lengthing letters Waaw, 'alif and Yaa'.

Its location: the letter 'alif which comes after the letter Seen (سني) and reads as saa (سا). It is

lengthened two vowel counts.

16

reads as `aaaa'ilan

The letter 'alif.

Its rule: long lengthening, because it's part of the lengthing letters Waaw, 'alif and Yaa' .

Its location: the letter 'alif which comes after the letter Al-`ayn ( عنيال ) and reads as `aa (عا). It is lengthened more than two vowel counts.

17

Assessment

Complete the following:

The lengthing letters are: (------) (------) (------)

The symbol of long lengthening (املد الطويل) Al-Madd At-Taweel is: (------------------)

Fill in the blanks:

The symbol of Al-'alif in short lengthening (املد القصري) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer is:

(------------------)

The symbol of Al-Waaw in short lengthening (املد القصري) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer is:

(------------------)

The symbol of Al-Yaa' in short lengthening (املد القصري) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer is:

(-----------------)

16

reads as `aaaa'ilan

The letter 'alif.

Its rule: long lengthening, because it's part of the lengthing letters Waaw, 'alif and Yaa' .

Its location: the letter 'alif which comes after the letter Al-`ayn ( عنيال ) and reads as `aa (عا). It is lengthened more than two vowel counts.

17

Assessment

Complete the following:

The lengthing letters are: (------) (------) (------)

The symbol of long lengthening (املد الطويل) Al-Madd At-Taweel is: (------------------)

Fill in the blanks:

The symbol of Al-'alif in short lengthening (املد القصري) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer is:

(------------------)

The symbol of Al-Waaw in short lengthening (املد القصري) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer is:

(------------------)

The symbol of Al-Yaa' in short lengthening (املد القصري) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer is:

(-----------------)

18

The Duplicated An-Noon and Al-Meem

(النون وامليم املشددتان)

An-Noon Wal-Meem Al-Mushaddadataan

Their definition:

An-Noon Al-Mushaddadah is An-Noon which has been inserted into its identical

voweled (mutaharrik) letter.

Al-Meem Al-Mushaddadah is Al-Meem which has been inserted into its identical

voweled (mutaharrik) letter.

Their origin:

Two identical letters, the first one is non-voweled (saakin) and the second one is

voweled (mutaharrik). They were inserted and became only one duplicated letter (i.e., a

letter mushaddad which means it has been doubled, and As-Shaddah symbol ( ) appears

on it).

Their examples:

ن نإ م مع

ن م

reads as `amma, چ ٱچ reads as 'inna, چ ٱ چ

reads as lammaa, چ ۈ چ reads as thumma, چې چ

19

reads as 'immaa, چے چ

reads as 'innamaa , چ ڳ چ

.allaqtumoohunnat as reads چۋ چ

Their nickname:

Each one of them is called: a duplicated nasal letter (حرف مشدد أغن) Harf

Mushaddad 'aghan .

Their rule:

Compulsory nasalization of two vowel counts on both letters whether we continue

reciting or stop. In other words, nasalization should be held for the duration of two vowel

counts.

18

The Duplicated An-Noon and Al-Meem

(النون وامليم املشددتان)

An-Noon Wal-Meem Al-Mushaddadataan

Their definition:

An-Noon Al-Mushaddadah is An-Noon which has been inserted into its identical

voweled (mutaharrik) letter.

Al-Meem Al-Mushaddadah is Al-Meem which has been inserted into its identical

voweled (mutaharrik) letter.

Their origin:

Two identical letters, the first one is non-voweled (saakin) and the second one is

voweled (mutaharrik). They were inserted and became only one duplicated letter (i.e., a

letter mushaddad which means it has been doubled, and As-Shaddah symbol ( ) appears

on it).

Their examples:

ن نإ م مع

ن م

reads as `amma, چ ٱچ reads as 'inna, چ ٱ چ

reads as lammaa, چ ۈ چ reads as thumma, چې چ

19

reads as 'immaa, چے چ

reads as 'innamaa , چ ڳ چ

.allaqtumoohunnat as reads چۋ چ

Their nickname:

Each one of them is called: a duplicated nasal letter (حرف مشدد أغن) Harf

Mushaddad 'aghan .

Their rule:

Compulsory nasalization of two vowel counts on both letters whether we continue

reciting or stop. In other words, nasalization should be held for the duration of two vowel

counts.

20

Nasalization (الغنة) Al-Ghunnah

Its definition:

Al-Ghunnah is defined as a soft tuneful and sweet nasal sound that is emitted from

the nasal passage, without any influence of the tongue. This is a required characteristic of

the two letters: An-Noon and Al-Meem, and it always accompanies their pronunciation.

Its point of articulation:

It is a nasal sound articulated from the nose opening that connects with the back of

the mouth (the nasal passage).

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'innamaa ڳ

An-Noon is a duplicated nasal letter (حرف مشدد أغن) Harf Mushaddad 'aghan .

Its rule: Obligated nasalization of two vowel counts.

reads as thumma ې

Al-Meem is a duplicated nasal letter (حرف مشدد أغن) Harf Mushaddad 'aghan . Its rule: Obligated nasalization of two vowel counts.

21

Assessment

State the rule of the underlined in the following noble verses:

...........................................................................................................

........................................................................................ ..........

Define what follows:

Al-Ghunnah: …………………………………….………………………………

Its duration: …………………………………………………………...………….

20

Nasalization (الغنة) Al-Ghunnah

Its definition:

Al-Ghunnah is defined as a soft tuneful and sweet nasal sound that is emitted from

the nasal passage, without any influence of the tongue. This is a required characteristic of

the two letters: An-Noon and Al-Meem, and it always accompanies their pronunciation.

Its point of articulation:

It is a nasal sound articulated from the nose opening that connects with the back of

the mouth (the nasal passage).

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'innamaa ڳ

An-Noon is a duplicated nasal letter (حرف مشدد أغن) Harf Mushaddad 'aghan .

Its rule: Obligated nasalization of two vowel counts.

reads as thumma ې

Al-Meem is a duplicated nasal letter (حرف مشدد أغن) Harf Mushaddad 'aghan . Its rule: Obligated nasalization of two vowel counts.

21

Assessment

State the rule of the underlined in the following noble verses:

...........................................................................................................

........................................................................................ ..........

Define what follows:

Al-Ghunnah: …………………………………….………………………………

Its duration: …………………………………………………………...………….

22

Echoing (القلقلة) Al-Qalqalah

Its definition:

Shaking of the letter's sound in its articulation point when it's in the state of being

non-voweled where you can hear a strong echoing sound when it is articulated.

Its letters:

Echoing is found only in these five letters:

Al-Qaaf ) Ad-Daal ,( اجليم ) Al-Jeem ,( الباء ) 'Al-Baa ,( الطاء ) 'At-Taa ,( (القاف . الدال)

They are collected in the statement (قطب جد) reads as qutub jad.

Its condition:

It occurs only when any of the five letters is non-voweled.

Its cause:

Echoing occurs at the articulation point of the non-voweled letter upon pronunciation

due to the letter’s attributes of strength (shiddah) and audibility (jahr), correlating to the

prevention of sound and breath flow.

Its categories:

Echoing is divided into two categories:

1- Minor Echoing (قلقلة صغرى) Qalqalah Sughraa: This occurs when the non-voweled

letters of echoing are either:

23

a- In the middle of a word, like in

naqkhal as reads ,ishtbya as reads

b- Or in the middle of a sentence (i.e., at the end of a word, but we do not stop at it;

rather, we continue reciting what comes after it), as illustrated in these examples

reads as qad sami`a

reads as 'idhhab 'ilaa

2- Major Echoing (قلقلة كربى) Qalqalah Kubraa: This happens when echoing letters are

either non-voweled or duplicated and represent the last letter of a word, and so we stop at

that word. Its examples are as follows

,teehmu as reads

reads as Al-Haqq. reads as Al-Burooj,

Remark:

If As-Sukoon at the end of the word is original, it may be considered as:

Minor Echoing (قلقلة صغرى) Qalqalah Sughraa in case we don't stop at that word.

or Major Echoing (قلقلة كربى) Qalqalah Kubraa if we stop at it; as in this example

reads as walaqad 'anzalnaa

22

Echoing (القلقلة) Al-Qalqalah

Its definition:

Shaking of the letter's sound in its articulation point when it's in the state of being

non-voweled where you can hear a strong echoing sound when it is articulated.

Its letters:

Echoing is found only in these five letters:

Al-Qaaf ) Ad-Daal ,( اجليم ) Al-Jeem ,( الباء ) 'Al-Baa ,( الطاء ) 'At-Taa ,( (القاف . الدال)

They are collected in the statement (قطب جد) reads as qutub jad.

Its condition:

It occurs only when any of the five letters is non-voweled.

Its cause:

Echoing occurs at the articulation point of the non-voweled letter upon pronunciation

due to the letter’s attributes of strength (shiddah) and audibility (jahr), correlating to the

prevention of sound and breath flow.

Its categories:

Echoing is divided into two categories:

1- Minor Echoing (قلقلة صغرى) Qalqalah Sughraa: This occurs when the non-voweled

letters of echoing are either:

23

a- In the middle of a word, like in

naqkhal as reads ,ishtbya as reads

b- Or in the middle of a sentence (i.e., at the end of a word, but we do not stop at it;

rather, we continue reciting what comes after it), as illustrated in these examples

reads as qad sami`a

reads as 'idhhab 'ilaa

2- Major Echoing (قلقلة كربى) Qalqalah Kubraa: This happens when echoing letters are

either non-voweled or duplicated and represent the last letter of a word, and so we stop at

that word. Its examples are as follows

,teehmu as reads

reads as Al-Haqq. reads as Al-Burooj,

Remark:

If As-Sukoon at the end of the word is original, it may be considered as:

Minor Echoing (قلقلة صغرى) Qalqalah Sughraa in case we don't stop at that word.

or Major Echoing (قلقلة كربى) Qalqalah Kubraa if we stop at it; as in this example

reads as walaqad 'anzalnaa

24

Common mistakes:

The common mistakes while applying the rule of echoing are:

1- Exaggerating echoing to the extent that Al-Hamzah letter will be added to it, like in

reads as lahab( ' )

2- Tilting echoing till it becomes similar to one of the three vowels: Fathah, Dammah, or

Kasrah, such as in these examples

, `imukum(i)tnu as reads

reads as walaqad(i) 'anzalnaa.

In other words, the sound of Qalqalah does not go to the extent of forming Fathah,

Dammah, or Kasrah sound.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as khalaqnaa ڌ

There is Qalqalah Sughraa in the letter Qaaf (قاف) here because it is non-voweled and

it is part of the letters (قطب جد) qutub jad.

teehmu as reads چ

There is Qalqalah Kubraa in the letter At-Taa' ( طاءال ) here because it is non-voweled

and it is part of the letters (قطب جد) qutub jad.

25

Assessment

What is the statement that gathers echoing letters?

…………………………………………………..…………………………………………….

Fill in the blanks:

1- Echoing is minor if

………………………………………………………….……………………………………..

2- Echoing is major if

………………………………………………………………………………………………

24

Common mistakes:

The common mistakes while applying the rule of echoing are:

1- Exaggerating echoing to the extent that Al-Hamzah letter will be added to it, like in

reads as lahab( ' )

2- Tilting echoing till it becomes similar to one of the three vowels: Fathah, Dammah, or

Kasrah, such as in these examples

, `imukum(i)tnu as reads

reads as walaqad(i) 'anzalnaa.

In other words, the sound of Qalqalah does not go to the extent of forming Fathah,

Dammah, or Kasrah sound.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as khalaqnaa ڌ

There is Qalqalah Sughraa in the letter Qaaf (قاف) here because it is non-voweled and

it is part of the letters (قطب جد) qutub jad.

teehmu as reads چ

There is Qalqalah Kubraa in the letter At-Taa' ( طاءال ) here because it is non-voweled

and it is part of the letters (قطب جد) qutub jad.

25

Assessment

What is the statement that gathers echoing letters?

…………………………………………………..…………………………………………….

Fill in the blanks:

1- Echoing is minor if

………………………………………………………….……………………………………..

2- Echoing is major if

………………………………………………………………………………………………

26

Chapter on the Non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween Rules

أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوين ()

Ahkaam An-Noon As-Saakinah Wat-Tanween

Definition of An-Noon As-Saakinah:

The non-voweled An-Noon is Noon free from any vowel (Fathah, Dammah, or

Kasrah). It remains unchanged in its pronunciation as well as in its written form, whether in

continuing to recite or when stopping. The non-voweled An-Noon comes in nouns, verbs,

and prepositions. It appears in the middle of the word or at its end.

Definition of At-Tanween:

In its written form, At-Tanween refers to the dual grammatical sign; that is to say,

double Kasrah (كسرررنان( kasrataan their symbol is ( ), double Dammah ( ضررمتان)

dammataan their symbol is ( ), and double Fathah ( فتحتان ) fathataan their symbol is

( ) . It is annexed only to the end of nouns.

During pronunciation, At-Tanween is articulated as an extra non-voweled Noon only

when continuing recitation. However, when we stop we don't pronounce it.

27

Differences Between the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween

Non-voweled An-Noon At-Tanween

* It can be in nouns, verbs and

prepositions.

* It can only be in nouns.

* It comes in the middle and at the end

of a word.

* It comes only at the end of the noun.

* It is written and pronounced as Noon. * It is pronounced Noon, but written as a

duplicated vowel.

* It is pronounced when stopping (وقف)

waqf or while continuing reciting (وصل)

wasl.

* It is pronounced Noon only while

continuing reciting.

* It can be original or additional to the

root of the word.

* It is always an extra Noon according to

the root of the word.

The non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween rules:

There are four rules applied to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween when

they come together with the alphabetical letters. The four rules are:

Clear pronunciation: ()اإلظهار Al-'idhhaar

Insertion: )اإلدغام( Al-'idghaam

Hide: (اإلخفاء) Al-'ikhfaa' Conversion: Al-'iqlaab ( (اإلقالب

26

Chapter on the Non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween Rules

أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوين ()

Ahkaam An-Noon As-Saakinah Wat-Tanween

Definition of An-Noon As-Saakinah:

The non-voweled An-Noon is Noon free from any vowel (Fathah, Dammah, or

Kasrah). It remains unchanged in its pronunciation as well as in its written form, whether in

continuing to recite or when stopping. The non-voweled An-Noon comes in nouns, verbs,

and prepositions. It appears in the middle of the word or at its end.

Definition of At-Tanween:

In its written form, At-Tanween refers to the dual grammatical sign; that is to say,

double Kasrah (كسرررنان( kasrataan their symbol is ( ), double Dammah ( ضررمتان)

dammataan their symbol is ( ), and double Fathah ( فتحتان ) fathataan their symbol is

( ) . It is annexed only to the end of nouns.

During pronunciation, At-Tanween is articulated as an extra non-voweled Noon only

when continuing recitation. However, when we stop we don't pronounce it.

27

Differences Between the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween

Non-voweled An-Noon At-Tanween

* It can be in nouns, verbs and

prepositions.

* It can only be in nouns.

* It comes in the middle and at the end

of a word.

* It comes only at the end of the noun.

* It is written and pronounced as Noon. * It is pronounced Noon, but written as a

duplicated vowel.

* It is pronounced when stopping (وقف)

waqf or while continuing reciting (وصل)

wasl.

* It is pronounced Noon only while

continuing reciting.

* It can be original or additional to the

root of the word.

* It is always an extra Noon according to

the root of the word.

The non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween rules:

There are four rules applied to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween when

they come together with the alphabetical letters. The four rules are:

Clear pronunciation: ()اإلظهار Al-'idhhaar

Insertion: )اإلدغام( Al-'idghaam

Hide: (اإلخفاء) Al-'ikhfaa' Conversion: Al-'iqlaab ( (اإلقالب

28

Their nicknames:

Nickname of clear pronunciation is:

guttural )اإلظهار احللقي( Al-'idhhaar Al-Halqee

Nickname of insertion is:

with nasalization (بغنة )إدغام 'idghaam bighunnah,

and without (extra) nasalization )إدغام بال غنة( 'idghaam bilaa ghunnah

Nickname of hide is:

Real (اإلخفاء احلقيقي) Al-'ikhfaa' Al-Haqeeqee

Rule identification:

The rule of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween is determined according to

the letter that immediately follows them. If the letter that follows is part of the letters of

clear pronunciation, then its rule is clear pronunciation. But, if the letter that follows is the

letter of conversion, then the applied rule is conversion, and so on.

29

Assessment

Mention the four rules applied to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-

Tanween.

1- ……………………...……. 2- ………….…………………

3- ………………………..…. 4- ……...………………..…….

How can we determine the rule of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-

Tanween that should be applied?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………..……….………………………………………………………………

28

Their nicknames:

Nickname of clear pronunciation is:

guttural )اإلظهار احللقي( Al-'idhhaar Al-Halqee

Nickname of insertion is:

with nasalization (بغنة )إدغام 'idghaam bighunnah,

and without (extra) nasalization )إدغام بال غنة( 'idghaam bilaa ghunnah

Nickname of hide is:

Real (اإلخفاء احلقيقي) Al-'ikhfaa' Al-Haqeeqee

Rule identification:

The rule of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween is determined according to

the letter that immediately follows them. If the letter that follows is part of the letters of

clear pronunciation, then its rule is clear pronunciation. But, if the letter that follows is the

letter of conversion, then the applied rule is conversion, and so on.

29

Assessment

Mention the four rules applied to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-

Tanween.

1- ……………………...……. 2- ………….…………………

3- ………………………..…. 4- ……...………………..…….

How can we determine the rule of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-

Tanween that should be applied?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………..……….………………………………………………………………

30

First Rule: Guttural Clear Pronunciation

Al-'idhhaar Al-Halqee )اإلظهار الحلقي(

Its definition:

It consists of the pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Nnoon and At-Tanween from

their original articulation point (tip of the tongue) without a prolonged nasalization when

they are immediately followed by one of the guttural letters (i.e., the letters which are

articulated from the throat).

Its letters:

When directly following the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween, there are six

letters which cause An-Noon to be clearly pronounced

Al-Hamzah )اهلمزة), Al-Haa' ( )اهلاء , Al-`ayn ( العني ),

Al-Haa' ( احلاء ), Al-Ghayn ( الغني ),

Al-Khaa' ( اخلاء )

These letters have been grouped in the first letters of the words of this verse:

ــاسرخــــري غـــــازه حــــلما عـــاك هـخي أ

reads as 'akhee haaka `ilman haazahu ghayru khaasiri

Its examples:

reads as Al-'anhaar, reads as man 'ataa,

31

reads as 'an`amt

,aakeemah`aleeman as reads

reads as min ghayrikum

reads as dharratin khayran,

Its nickname:

Clear pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween is called guttural

clear pronunciation )اإلظهار احللقي( Al-'idhhaar Al-Halqee. It has been nicknamed guttural

.Halqee referring to the articulation points of its entire letters coming out of the throat (حلقي)

Position of guttural clear pronunciation:

Guttural clear pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Noon may be:

In the middle of the word, as in these words

reads as minhu چچ reads as 'an`amta, چ چ

oonadghnfasayu as reads چ چ

And at the end of the word, like in

reads as man 'ataa

30

First Rule: Guttural Clear Pronunciation

Al-'idhhaar Al-Halqee )اإلظهار الحلقي(

Its definition:

It consists of the pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Nnoon and At-Tanween from

their original articulation point (tip of the tongue) without a prolonged nasalization when

they are immediately followed by one of the guttural letters (i.e., the letters which are

articulated from the throat).

Its letters:

When directly following the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween, there are six

letters which cause An-Noon to be clearly pronounced

Al-Hamzah )اهلمزة), Al-Haa' ( )اهلاء , Al-`ayn ( العني ),

Al-Haa' ( احلاء ), Al-Ghayn ( الغني ),

Al-Khaa' ( اخلاء )

These letters have been grouped in the first letters of the words of this verse:

ــاسرخــــري غـــــازه حــــلما عـــاك هـخي أ

reads as 'akhee haaka `ilman haazahu ghayru khaasiri

Its examples:

reads as Al-'anhaar, reads as man 'ataa,

31

reads as 'an`amt

,aakeemah`aleeman as reads

reads as min ghayrikum

reads as dharratin khayran,

Its nickname:

Clear pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween is called guttural

clear pronunciation )اإلظهار احللقي( Al-'idhhaar Al-Halqee. It has been nicknamed guttural

.Halqee referring to the articulation points of its entire letters coming out of the throat (حلقي)

Position of guttural clear pronunciation:

Guttural clear pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Noon may be:

In the middle of the word, as in these words

reads as minhu چچ reads as 'an`amta, چ چ

oonadghnfasayu as reads چ چ

And at the end of the word, like in

reads as man 'ataa

32

Clear pronunciation of At-Tanween occurs only at the end of the word, as this example

shows:

reads as samee`un `aleem

Consequently:

Clear pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come a single word or

between two words.

Clear pronunciation of At-Tanween only comes between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as min 'ahli

There is guttural clear pronunciation here. The non-voweled An-Noon is clearly

pronounced before the letter Al-Hamzah because it is one of the letters of clear

pronunciation of the word ( خيأ ) reads as 'akhee.

Its symbol in Al-Mushaf:

In the case of clear pronunciation, At-Tanween is written as follows depending on its

vowels:

For At-Tanween with double Dammah: it is represented by a single Dammah on top

of which there is an inverse Noon

( )

like in

33

aleemH unhakoorS as reads

As for At-Tanween with double Fathah, it is illustrated by two identical Fathah

which are placed evenly with each other

( )

like in

aabsaaih na'aaaat`a as reads Concerning At-Tanween with the duplicated Kasrah is designated by two identical

Kasrah which are placed evenly with each other

( )

like in

reads as jannatin `aaliyah

On the other hand, the non-voweled An-Noon, when clearly pronounced, is

represented in Al-Mushaf by Noon and above it appears the upper part of the Arabic letter

'khaa خاء

( ن )

like in

reads as min khawf

32

Clear pronunciation of At-Tanween occurs only at the end of the word, as this example

shows:

reads as samee`un `aleem

Consequently:

Clear pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come a single word or

between two words.

Clear pronunciation of At-Tanween only comes between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as min 'ahli

There is guttural clear pronunciation here. The non-voweled An-Noon is clearly

pronounced before the letter Al-Hamzah because it is one of the letters of clear

pronunciation of the word ( خيأ ) reads as 'akhee.

Its symbol in Al-Mushaf:

In the case of clear pronunciation, At-Tanween is written as follows depending on its

vowels:

For At-Tanween with double Dammah: it is represented by a single Dammah on top

of which there is an inverse Noon

( )

like in

33

aleemH unhakoorS as reads

As for At-Tanween with double Fathah, it is illustrated by two identical Fathah

which are placed evenly with each other

( )

like in

aabsaaih na'aaaat`a as reads Concerning At-Tanween with the duplicated Kasrah is designated by two identical

Kasrah which are placed evenly with each other

( )

like in

reads as jannatin `aaliyah

On the other hand, the non-voweled An-Noon, when clearly pronounced, is

represented in Al-Mushaf by Noon and above it appears the upper part of the Arabic letter

'khaa خاء

( ن )

like in

reads as min khawf

34

Assessment

The letters of guttural clear pronunciation are:

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………...……………..…………….…………

Clarify the rule in the following words:

…………………….……………………………..………….……………..……………………….

………………………………………..…………………………………………….……………….

……………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………….

……………………………..………………………………………………….………….………….

35

Second Rule: Insertion

Al-'idghaam (اإلدغام)

Its definition:

It's the insertion of the first non-voweled letter (An-Noon or At-Tanween) in the

second voweled letter, so that the two letters are pronounced as one duplicated letter of the

second type.

Its letters:

The letters of 'idghaam are six, and they are grouped in the word (يرملون) reads as

yarmaloon.

Its categories:

Al-'idghaam is divided into two categories:

1- (Incomplete) nasalized insertion )إدغام بغنة )ناقص 'idghaam bighunnah (naaqis).

Its letters have been collected in the word (ينمو) reads as yanmoo.

2- (Complete) unnasalized insertion )إدغام بغري غنة )كامل 'idghaam bighayr ghunnah

(kaamil).

The two letters that comprise this category are Raa' and Laam ( .( ل ر

34

Assessment

The letters of guttural clear pronunciation are:

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………...……………..…………….…………

Clarify the rule in the following words:

…………………….……………………………..………….……………..……………………….

………………………………………..…………………………………………….……………….

……………………………..…………………………………………………………..…………….

……………………………..………………………………………………….………….………….

35

Second Rule: Insertion

Al-'idghaam (اإلدغام)

Its definition:

It's the insertion of the first non-voweled letter (An-Noon or At-Tanween) in the

second voweled letter, so that the two letters are pronounced as one duplicated letter of the

second type.

Its letters:

The letters of 'idghaam are six, and they are grouped in the word (يرملون) reads as

yarmaloon.

Its categories:

Al-'idghaam is divided into two categories:

1- (Incomplete) nasalized insertion )إدغام بغنة )ناقص 'idghaam bighunnah (naaqis).

Its letters have been collected in the word (ينمو) reads as yanmoo.

2- (Complete) unnasalized insertion )إدغام بغري غنة )كامل 'idghaam bighayr ghunnah

(kaamil).

The two letters that comprise this category are Raa' and Laam ( .( ل ر

36

1- (Incomplete) nasalized insertion :idghaam bighunnah (naaqis)' إدغام بغنة )ناقص(

Its examples:

reads as miwwaal,

,fatintnnuim as reads

, reads as mimmasad

reads as wujoohuyyawma'idhin,

reads as mayya`mal

Clarification of the rule:

reads as mayya`mal

There is an incomplete nasalized insertion here. The non-voweled An-Noon is

inserted into Al-Yaa' ( ياءال ), which is part of the letters of incomplete nasalized insertion

belonging to the word yanmoo (ينمو).

2- (Complete) unnasalized insertion غنة )كامل( إدغام بغري 'idghaam bighayr

ghunnah (kaamil):

37

Its examples:

reads as bashararrasoolaa.

reads as 'allan

Clarification of the rule:

reads as bashararrasoolaa ( )

There is a complete unnasalized insertion here. At-Tanween is inserted into

Ar-Raa' ( ــ راءال ), which is part of the letters of the complete unnasalized insertion

belonging to the two letters Raa' and Laam ( ل ر ) .

Way of pronunciation:

The two words are pronounced as if they are only one word where the non-voweled

An-Noon and At-Tanween are deleted and the letter of Al-'idghaam is duplicated:

Nasalized if the letter of Al-'idghaam is part of one of the letters of this word yanmoo like in , (ينمو)

reads as mayya`mal ( )

Unnasalized with the two letters (Raa', Laam) ( ر ، ل ), as shown in these examples:

reads as mirrabbika

reads as maalallubadaa,

36

1- (Incomplete) nasalized insertion :idghaam bighunnah (naaqis)' إدغام بغنة )ناقص(

Its examples:

reads as miwwaal,

,fatintnnuim as reads

, reads as mimmasad

reads as wujoohuyyawma'idhin,

reads as mayya`mal

Clarification of the rule:

reads as mayya`mal

There is an incomplete nasalized insertion here. The non-voweled An-Noon is

inserted into Al-Yaa' ( ياءال ), which is part of the letters of incomplete nasalized insertion

belonging to the word yanmoo (ينمو).

2- (Complete) unnasalized insertion غنة )كامل( إدغام بغري 'idghaam bighayr

ghunnah (kaamil):

37

Its examples:

reads as bashararrasoolaa.

reads as 'allan

Clarification of the rule:

reads as bashararrasoolaa ( )

There is a complete unnasalized insertion here. At-Tanween is inserted into

Ar-Raa' ( ــ راءال ), which is part of the letters of the complete unnasalized insertion

belonging to the two letters Raa' and Laam ( ل ر ) .

Way of pronunciation:

The two words are pronounced as if they are only one word where the non-voweled

An-Noon and At-Tanween are deleted and the letter of Al-'idghaam is duplicated:

Nasalized if the letter of Al-'idghaam is part of one of the letters of this word yanmoo like in , (ينمو)

reads as mayya`mal ( )

Unnasalized with the two letters (Raa', Laam) ( ر ، ل ), as shown in these examples:

reads as mirrabbika

reads as maalallubadaa,

38

Its symbol in Al-Mushaf:

Insertion of At-Tanween is symbolized by two successive vowel symbols since they

are not placed over each other:

( ), ( ) , ( )

It is illustrated in the following examples

reads as 'aklallammaa

reads as wujoohuyyawma'idhin

,hahharatuimmarfoo`atm as reads

Whereas the insertion of the non-voweled An-Noon ( ,is devoid of any symbols ( ن exactly like in

reads as marrabbu.

reads as mayya`mal,

Position of insertion:

Insertion is confined to being placed in between two words. As such, the inserted

letter should be at the end of the first word with Al-'idghaam letter at the beginning of the

second word. Such is the condition of Al-'idghaam.

Absence of the condition of insertion:

If the insertion loses its prerequisite, in other words, if the non-voweled An-Noon is

followed by the letter of insertion in one word as shown below, then there is no insertion

39

reads as Ad-Dunyaa

The reason for this is that if the insertion rule was applied, the basic set up of the

word itself would be spoiled and the meaning would be wrong.

Instead, clear pronunciation becomes compulsory in such cases. In this example, the rule applied is known as absolute clear pronunciation (ــق (اإلظهــار املطل

Al-'idhhaar Al-Mutlaq.

Absolute clear pronunciation:

This occurs when the non-voweled An-Noon is followed by one of the two letters of

insertion: Al-Waaw or Al-Yaa' (الواو أو الياء) in one word.

The reason for its nickname:

This clear pronunciation is called 'absolute' since it is not related to the throat or the

lip and doesn't depend on them.

Its examples:

Absolute clear pronunciation occurs in only four words in the Noble Qur'aan. The

four words are

reads as Ad-Dunyaa, reads as bunyaan,

,aaninws as reads

reads as qinwaan.

38

Its symbol in Al-Mushaf:

Insertion of At-Tanween is symbolized by two successive vowel symbols since they

are not placed over each other:

( ), ( ) , ( )

It is illustrated in the following examples

reads as 'aklallammaa

reads as wujoohuyyawma'idhin

,hahharatuimmarfoo`atm as reads

Whereas the insertion of the non-voweled An-Noon ( ,is devoid of any symbols ( ن exactly like in

reads as marrabbu.

reads as mayya`mal,

Position of insertion:

Insertion is confined to being placed in between two words. As such, the inserted

letter should be at the end of the first word with Al-'idghaam letter at the beginning of the

second word. Such is the condition of Al-'idghaam.

Absence of the condition of insertion:

If the insertion loses its prerequisite, in other words, if the non-voweled An-Noon is

followed by the letter of insertion in one word as shown below, then there is no insertion

39

reads as Ad-Dunyaa

The reason for this is that if the insertion rule was applied, the basic set up of the

word itself would be spoiled and the meaning would be wrong.

Instead, clear pronunciation becomes compulsory in such cases. In this example, the rule applied is known as absolute clear pronunciation (ــق (اإلظهــار املطل

Al-'idhhaar Al-Mutlaq.

Absolute clear pronunciation:

This occurs when the non-voweled An-Noon is followed by one of the two letters of

insertion: Al-Waaw or Al-Yaa' (الواو أو الياء) in one word.

The reason for its nickname:

This clear pronunciation is called 'absolute' since it is not related to the throat or the

lip and doesn't depend on them.

Its examples:

Absolute clear pronunciation occurs in only four words in the Noble Qur'aan. The

four words are

reads as Ad-Dunyaa, reads as bunyaan,

,aaninws as reads

reads as qinwaan.

40

Clarification of the rule:

reads as Ad-Dunyaa

There is absolute clear pronunciation here. An-Noon As-Saakinah is clearly

pronounced before the letter Al-Yaa' ( ياءال ) since they are in the same word, thus, preventing

the application of the insertion.

41

Assessment

Explain the following:

Insertion (Al-'idghaam) is:

………………………………………………………..……………………………….………

Its letters: ……………………………………………..……………………………………

Its categories: ……..…………………………..……………..……………………….…….

Its examples: …………………………………………...………………………..…………

Underline the word in which there is absolute clear pronunciation:

( - ہ - - )

40

Clarification of the rule:

reads as Ad-Dunyaa

There is absolute clear pronunciation here. An-Noon As-Saakinah is clearly

pronounced before the letter Al-Yaa' ( ياءال ) since they are in the same word, thus, preventing

the application of the insertion.

41

Assessment

Explain the following:

Insertion (Al-'idghaam) is:

………………………………………………………..……………………………….………

Its letters: ……………………………………………..……………………………………

Its categories: ……..…………………………..……………..……………………….…….

Its examples: …………………………………………...………………………..…………

Underline the word in which there is absolute clear pronunciation:

( - ہ - - )

42

Third Rule: Real Hide

اإلخفاء الحقيقي() Al-'ikhfaa' Al-Haqeeqee

Its definition:

Hide is the pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween characterized

somewhere between clear pronunciation (اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar and insertion (اإلدغام) Al-

'idghaam. It is free from any duplication but still nasalized, if one of the letters of hide

follows them.

Its letters:

Its letters are fifteen. They are collected in the first letters of the words of this verse:

املاظع ضقى ت يفد زيبا طم دا مسد قخص شاد جم كنا ثا ذف ص

reads as : sif dhaa thanaa kam jaada shakhsun qad samaa dum tayyiban zid fee tuqaa

da` dhaaliman

Its nickname:

Hide of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween is called real hide (اإلخفاء احلقيقي)

Al-'ikhfaa' Al-Haqeeqee, since the hide of the non-voweled An-Noon is complete in its

articulation point, unlike the non-voweled Al-Meem.

Its examples:

,daqahasn mi as reads

43

reads as manthooraa,

reads as qawlan sadeedaa.

reads as 'unzila,

Clarification of the rule:

daqahasn mi as reads There is real hide here. The non-voweled An-Noon has been hid before the letter As-

Saad ( صادال ) since it is one of the letters of real hide of the word sif ( فص ).

Way of pronunciation:

An-Noon is pronounced only with nasalization lasting two vowel counts, without any

influence of the tongue. Indeed, the tip of the tongue remains a small distance far from the

upper palate (i.e., the roof of the mouth) that lies opposite to it, ready for pronouncing the

letter of hide.

Characteristics of the hide nasalization:

Nasalizing during hide should be:

Either thickened (Mufakhamah), if the letter of hide which follows it is thickened,

like in

rudhyan as reads

Or thinned (Muraqqaqah), if the letter of hide which follows it is thinned, as in

42

Third Rule: Real Hide

اإلخفاء الحقيقي() Al-'ikhfaa' Al-Haqeeqee

Its definition:

Hide is the pronunciation of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween characterized

somewhere between clear pronunciation (اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar and insertion (اإلدغام) Al-

'idghaam. It is free from any duplication but still nasalized, if one of the letters of hide

follows them.

Its letters:

Its letters are fifteen. They are collected in the first letters of the words of this verse:

املاظع ضقى ت يفد زيبا طم دا مسد قخص شاد جم كنا ثا ذف ص

reads as : sif dhaa thanaa kam jaada shakhsun qad samaa dum tayyiban zid fee tuqaa

da` dhaaliman

Its nickname:

Hide of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween is called real hide (اإلخفاء احلقيقي)

Al-'ikhfaa' Al-Haqeeqee, since the hide of the non-voweled An-Noon is complete in its

articulation point, unlike the non-voweled Al-Meem.

Its examples:

,daqahasn mi as reads

43

reads as manthooraa,

reads as qawlan sadeedaa.

reads as 'unzila,

Clarification of the rule:

daqahasn mi as reads There is real hide here. The non-voweled An-Noon has been hid before the letter As-

Saad ( صادال ) since it is one of the letters of real hide of the word sif ( فص ).

Way of pronunciation:

An-Noon is pronounced only with nasalization lasting two vowel counts, without any

influence of the tongue. Indeed, the tip of the tongue remains a small distance far from the

upper palate (i.e., the roof of the mouth) that lies opposite to it, ready for pronouncing the

letter of hide.

Characteristics of the hide nasalization:

Nasalizing during hide should be:

Either thickened (Mufakhamah), if the letter of hide which follows it is thickened,

like in

rudhyan as reads

Or thinned (Muraqqaqah), if the letter of hide which follows it is thinned, as in

44

reads as sab`an shidaadaa

Placement of real hide:

Hide of the non-voweled An-Noon can come in these locations:

In the middle of the word, like in the following example

reads as 'anfusikum

At the end of the word, such as in

reads as min joo`

However, At-Tanween hide occurs only at the end of the word, as illustrated in

reads as shay'in Qadeer

Consequently:

Real hide of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come in one word or between two

words.

Yet, real hide of At-Tanween can be only between two words.

Its symbol in Al-Mushaf:

Hide of the non-voweled An-Noon is symbolized by the absence of any symbol ( ,( ن

like in these words

dhir nmu as reads ,allad nma as reads

On the other hand, the hide of At-Tanween appears in the form of double successive

vowel signs not placed over each other:

45

, ( )their symbol is ataanhatf sa reads ahhatdouble F

, ( ) double Kasrah reads as kasrataan their symbol is

, ( ) their symbol is mmataanad sa reads ammahDdouble and

like in the following example

,aaaweelt anhsab as reads

,rskalqa inbisharar as reads

reads as kitaabun feehi.

A common mistake:

A common mistake while applying the rule of hide consists of the following: Once

nasalization is pronounced, the reciter doesn't go back to the position of As-Sukoon. This

action leads to giving the vowel of the letter which precedes the hid An-Noon letter more

timing than usual, thus causing another letter to be generated. Let's illustrate this by the

following example

reads as kuntum نتم (و)ك reads as koontum

The Difference Between the Rule of Insertion and Real Hide

45

, ( )their symbol is ataanhatf sa reads ahhatdouble F

, ( ) double Kasrah reads as kasrataan their symbol is

, ( ) their symbol is mmataanad sa reads ammahDdouble and

like in the following example

,aaaweelt anhsab as reads

,rskalqa inbisharar as reads

reads as kitaabun feehi.

A common mistake:

A common mistake while applying the rule of hide consists of the following: Once

nasalization is pronounced, the reciter doesn't go back to the position of As-Sukoon. This

action leads to giving the vowel of the letter which precedes the hid An-Noon letter more

timing than usual, thus causing another letter to be generated. Let's illustrate this by the

following example

reads as kuntum نتم (و)ك reads as koontum

The Difference Between the Rule of Insertion and Real Hide

44

reads as sab`an shidaadaa

Placement of real hide:

Hide of the non-voweled An-Noon can come in these locations:

In the middle of the word, like in the following example

reads as 'anfusikum

At the end of the word, such as in

reads as min joo`

However, At-Tanween hide occurs only at the end of the word, as illustrated in

reads as shay'in Qadeer

Consequently:

Real hide of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come in one word or between two

words.

Yet, real hide of At-Tanween can be only between two words.

Its symbol in Al-Mushaf:

Hide of the non-voweled An-Noon is symbolized by the absence of any symbol ( ,( ن

like in these words

dhir nmu as reads ,allad nma as reads

On the other hand, the hide of At-Tanween appears in the form of double successive

vowel signs not placed over each other:

45

, ( )their symbol is ataanhatf sa reads ahhatdouble F

, ( ) double Kasrah reads as kasrataan their symbol is

, ( ) their symbol is mmataanad sa reads ammahDdouble and

like in the following example

,aaaweelt anhsab as reads

,rskalqa inbisharar as reads

reads as kitaabun feehi.

A common mistake:

A common mistake while applying the rule of hide consists of the following: Once

nasalization is pronounced, the reciter doesn't go back to the position of As-Sukoon. This

action leads to giving the vowel of the letter which precedes the hid An-Noon letter more

timing than usual, thus causing another letter to be generated. Let's illustrate this by the

following example

reads as kuntum نتم (و)ك reads as koontum

The Difference Between the Rule of Insertion and Real Hide

45

, ( )their symbol is ataanhatf sa reads ahhatdouble F

, ( ) double Kasrah reads as kasrataan their symbol is

, ( ) their symbol is mmataanad sa reads ammahDdouble and

like in the following example

,aaaweelt anhsab as reads

,rskalqa inbisharar as reads

reads as kitaabun feehi.

A common mistake:

A common mistake while applying the rule of hide consists of the following: Once

nasalization is pronounced, the reciter doesn't go back to the position of As-Sukoon. This

action leads to giving the vowel of the letter which precedes the hid An-Noon letter more

timing than usual, thus causing another letter to be generated. Let's illustrate this by the

following example

reads as kuntum نتم (و)ك reads as koontum

The Difference Between the Rule of Insertion and Real Hide

46

Insertion Real Hide * There is duplication symbol on the

letter that is being inserted into.

* It is free from any duplication

symbol.

* It comes only between two words. * It comes either in one word or

between two words.

* It concerns the letter which is being

inserted into the letter of insertion.

* It concerns the letter which is being

hid before the letter of hide.

Assessment

Fill in the following blanks:

47

- The rule related to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween hide is called

………………………………..……….……………………………...................……

- Its letters are collected in the first letters of the words of this verse:

…………………………………..…………………………..………………………..

- Nasalization generated from the hide rule is thickened when

……………………………………………………………………………….……….

Extract from these verses the rules mentioned below:

}

}

-Duplicated Noon : ………………………………………..……………….………….……...

- Long lengthening: …………………………………………………...…………..………….

- Nasalized insertion: ………………………………………………………...….…………...

- Unnasalized insertion: ………………………………………….……………..…………….

- Guttural clear pronunciation: ………………...………………………………...……………

- Real hide: ……………………………………………………………………...…………….

Forth Rule: Conversion

)اإلقالب( Al-'iqlaab (القلب) Al-Qalb

46

Insertion Real Hide * There is duplication symbol on the

letter that is being inserted into.

* It is free from any duplication

symbol.

* It comes only between two words. * It comes either in one word or

between two words.

* It concerns the letter which is being

inserted into the letter of insertion.

* It concerns the letter which is being

hid before the letter of hide.

Assessment

Fill in the following blanks:

46

Insertion Real Hide * There is duplication symbol on the

letter that is being inserted into.

* It is free from any duplication

symbol.

* It comes only between two words. * It comes either in one word or

between two words.

* It concerns the letter which is being

inserted into the letter of insertion.

* It concerns the letter which is being

hid before the letter of hide.

Assessment

Fill in the following blanks:

47

- The rule related to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween hide is called

………………………………..……….……………………………...................……

- Its letters are collected in the first letters of the words of this verse:

…………………………………..…………………………..………………………..

- Nasalization generated from the hide rule is thickened when

……………………………………………………………………………….……….

Extract from these verses the rules mentioned below:

}

}

-Duplicated Noon : ………………………………………..……………….………….……...

- Long lengthening: …………………………………………………...…………..………….

- Nasalized insertion: ………………………………………………………...….…………...

- Unnasalized insertion: ………………………………………….……………..…………….

- Guttural clear pronunciation: ………………...………………………………...……………

- Real hide: ……………………………………………………………………...…………….

Forth Rule: Conversion

)اإلقالب( Al-'iqlaab (القلب) Al-Qalb

45

, ( )their symbol is ataanhatf sa reads ahhatdouble F

, ( ) double Kasrah reads as kasrataan their symbol is

, ( ) their symbol is mmataanad sa reads ammahDdouble and

like in the following example

,aaaweelt anhsab as reads

,rskalqa inbisharar as reads

reads as kitaabun feehi.

A common mistake:

A common mistake while applying the rule of hide consists of the following: Once

nasalization is pronounced, the reciter doesn't go back to the position of As-Sukoon. This

action leads to giving the vowel of the letter which precedes the hid An-Noon letter more

timing than usual, thus causing another letter to be generated. Let's illustrate this by the

following example

reads as kuntum نتم (و)ك reads as koontum

The Difference Between the Rule of Insertion and Real Hide

46

Insertion Real Hide * There is duplication symbol on the

letter that is being inserted into.

* It is free from any duplication

symbol.

* It comes only between two words. * It comes either in one word or

between two words.

* It concerns the letter which is being

inserted into the letter of insertion.

* It concerns the letter which is being

hid before the letter of hide.

Assessment

Fill in the following blanks:

47

- The rule related to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween hide is called

………………………………..……….……………………………...................……

- Its letters are collected in the first letters of the words of this verse:

…………………………………..…………………………..………………………..

- Nasalization generated from the hide rule is thickened when

……………………………………………………………………………….……….

Extract from these verses the rules mentioned below:

}

}

-Duplicated Noon : ………………………………………..……………….………….……...

- Long lengthening: …………………………………………………...…………..………….

- Nasalized insertion: ………………………………………………………...….…………...

- Unnasalized insertion: ………………………………………….……………..…………….

- Guttural clear pronunciation: ………………...………………………………...……………

- Real hide: ……………………………………………………………………...…………….

Forth Rule: Conversion

)اإلقالب( Al-'iqlaab (القلب) Al-Qalb

46

Insertion Real Hide * There is duplication symbol on the

letter that is being inserted into.

* It is free from any duplication

symbol.

* It comes only between two words. * It comes either in one word or

between two words.

* It concerns the letter which is being

inserted into the letter of insertion.

* It concerns the letter which is being

hid before the letter of hide.

Assessment

Fill in the following blanks:

46

Insertion Real Hide * There is duplication symbol on the

letter that is being inserted into.

* It is free from any duplication

symbol.

* It comes only between two words. * It comes either in one word or

between two words.

* It concerns the letter which is being

inserted into the letter of insertion.

* It concerns the letter which is being

hid before the letter of hide.

Assessment

Fill in the following blanks:

47

- The rule related to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween hide is called

………………………………..……….……………………………...................……

- Its letters are collected in the first letters of the words of this verse:

…………………………………..…………………………..………………………..

- Nasalization generated from the hide rule is thickened when

……………………………………………………………………………….……….

Extract from these verses the rules mentioned below:

}

}

-Duplicated Noon : ………………………………………..……………….………….……...

- Long lengthening: …………………………………………………...…………..………….

- Nasalized insertion: ………………………………………………………...….…………...

- Unnasalized insertion: ………………………………………….……………..…………….

- Guttural clear pronunciation: ………………...………………………………...……………

- Real hide: ……………………………………………………………………...…………….

Forth Rule: Conversion

)اإلقالب( Al-'iqlaab (القلب) Al-Qalb

48

Its definition:

It is the conversion (i.e., mutation) of the non-voweled Noon or Tanween into Meem

Saakinah when followed by the letter of conversion, with the maintaining of nasalization.

Its letters:

It has only one letter: Al-Baa' (الباء).

Its examples:

reads as Al-Ambaaaa'

,udoorS-saatidhbi m`aleemu as reads

reads as layumbadhanna.

reads as makaanim ba`eed.

Way of pronunciation:

In conversion, a hid non-voweled Meem (instead of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-

Tanween) is pronounced. Therefore, the two lips are closed together but not tightly. Then,

while hiding the non-voweled Meem, nasalization should be pronounced and maintained

with Al-Meem till the letter Baa' ( باءال ) is articulated.

Its Location:

Conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can come in two locations:

In the middle of the word, like in

49

reads as layumbadhanna

At the end of the word, such as in

reads as mim ba`d

However, At-Tanween conversion occurs only at the end of the word, as in

udoorS-saatidhm bileemu`aas sread

Consequently:

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come in one word or between

two words.

Yet, the conversion of At-Tanween comes only between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as Al-'ambaaaa'

In this example, the rule of conversion is applied. The non-voweled An-Noon is

convered into a non-voweled Meem before the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) since it’s the letter of the

conversion rule.

Its sign in Al-Mushaf:

48

Its definition:

It is the conversion (i.e., mutation) of the non-voweled Noon or Tanween into Meem

Saakinah when followed by the letter of conversion, with the maintaining of nasalization.

Its letters:

It has only one letter: Al-Baa' (الباء).

Its examples:

reads as Al-Ambaaaa'

,udoorS-saatidhbi m`aleemu as reads

reads as layumbadhanna.

reads as makaanim ba`eed.

Way of pronunciation:

In conversion, a hid non-voweled Meem (instead of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-

Tanween) is pronounced. Therefore, the two lips are closed together but not tightly. Then,

while hiding the non-voweled Meem, nasalization should be pronounced and maintained

with Al-Meem till the letter Baa' ( باءال ) is articulated.

Its Location:

Conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can come in two locations:

In the middle of the word, like in 47

- The rule related to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween hide is called

………………………………..……….……………………………...................……

- Its letters are collected in the first letters of the words of this verse:

…………………………………..…………………………..………………………..

- Nasalization generated from the hide rule is thickened when

……………………………………………………………………………….……….

Extract from these verses the rules mentioned below:

}

}

-Duplicated Noon : ………………………………………..……………….………….……...

- Long lengthening: …………………………………………………...…………..………….

- Nasalized insertion: ………………………………………………………...….…………...

- Unnasalized insertion: ………………………………………….……………..…………….

- Guttural clear pronunciation: ………………...………………………………...……………

- Real hide: ……………………………………………………………………...…………….

Forth Rule: Conversion

)اإلقالب( Al-'iqlaab (القلب) Al-Qalb

48

Its definition:

It is the conversion (i.e., mutation) of the non-voweled Noon or Tanween into Meem

Saakinah when followed by the letter of conversion, with the maintaining of nasalization.

Its letters:

It has only one letter: Al-Baa' (الباء).

Its examples:

reads as Al-Ambaaaa'

,udoorS-saatidhbi m`aleemu as reads

reads as layumbadhanna.

reads as makaanim ba`eed.

Way of pronunciation:

In conversion, a hid non-voweled Meem (instead of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-

Tanween) is pronounced. Therefore, the two lips are closed together but not tightly. Then,

while hiding the non-voweled Meem, nasalization should be pronounced and maintained

with Al-Meem till the letter Baa' ( باءال ) is articulated.

Its Location:

Conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can come in two locations:

In the middle of the word, like in

49

reads as layumbadhanna

At the end of the word, such as in

reads as mim ba`d

However, At-Tanween conversion occurs only at the end of the word, as in

udoorS-saatidhm bileemu`aas sread

Consequently:

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come in one word or between

two words.

Yet, the conversion of At-Tanween comes only between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as Al-'ambaaaa'

In this example, the rule of conversion is applied. The non-voweled An-Noon is

convered into a non-voweled Meem before the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) since it’s the letter of the

conversion rule.

Its sign in Al-Mushaf:

48

Its definition:

It is the conversion (i.e., mutation) of the non-voweled Noon or Tanween into Meem

Saakinah when followed by the letter of conversion, with the maintaining of nasalization.

Its letters:

It has only one letter: Al-Baa' (الباء).

Its examples:

reads as Al-Ambaaaa'

,udoorS-saatidhbi m`aleemu as reads

reads as layumbadhanna.

reads as makaanim ba`eed.

Way of pronunciation:

In conversion, a hid non-voweled Meem (instead of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-

Tanween) is pronounced. Therefore, the two lips are closed together but not tightly. Then,

while hiding the non-voweled Meem, nasalization should be pronounced and maintained

with Al-Meem till the letter Baa' ( باءال ) is articulated.

Its Location:

Conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can come in two locations:

In the middle of the word, like in

49

reads as layumbadhanna

At the end of the word, such as in

reads as mim ba`d

However, At-Tanween conversion occurs only at the end of the word, as in

udoorS-saatidhm bileemu`aas sread

Consequently:

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come in one word or between

two words.

Yet, the conversion of At-Tanween comes only between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as Al-'ambaaaa'

In this example, the rule of conversion is applied. The non-voweled An-Noon is

convered into a non-voweled Meem before the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) since it’s the letter of the

conversion rule.

Its sign in Al-Mushaf:

48

Its definition:

It is the conversion (i.e., mutation) of the non-voweled Noon or Tanween into Meem

Saakinah when followed by the letter of conversion, with the maintaining of nasalization.

Its letters:

It has only one letter: Al-Baa' (الباء).

Its examples:

reads as Al-Ambaaaa'

,udoorS-saatidhbi m`aleemu as reads

reads as layumbadhanna.

reads as makaanim ba`eed.

Way of pronunciation:

In conversion, a hid non-voweled Meem (instead of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-

Tanween) is pronounced. Therefore, the two lips are closed together but not tightly. Then,

while hiding the non-voweled Meem, nasalization should be pronounced and maintained

with Al-Meem till the letter Baa' ( باءال ) is articulated.

Its Location:

Conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can come in two locations:

In the middle of the word, like in 47

- The rule related to the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween hide is called

………………………………..……….……………………………...................……

- Its letters are collected in the first letters of the words of this verse:

…………………………………..…………………………..………………………..

- Nasalization generated from the hide rule is thickened when

……………………………………………………………………………….……….

Extract from these verses the rules mentioned below:

}

}

-Duplicated Noon : ………………………………………..……………….………….……...

- Long lengthening: …………………………………………………...…………..………….

- Nasalized insertion: ………………………………………………………...….…………...

- Unnasalized insertion: ………………………………………….……………..…………….

- Guttural clear pronunciation: ………………...………………………………...……………

- Real hide: ……………………………………………………………………...…………….

Forth Rule: Conversion

)اإلقالب( Al-'iqlaab (القلب) Al-Qalb

48

Its definition:

It is the conversion (i.e., mutation) of the non-voweled Noon or Tanween into Meem

Saakinah when followed by the letter of conversion, with the maintaining of nasalization.

Its letters:

It has only one letter: Al-Baa' (الباء).

Its examples:

reads as Al-Ambaaaa'

,udoorS-saatidhbi m`aleemu as reads

reads as layumbadhanna.

reads as makaanim ba`eed.

Way of pronunciation:

In conversion, a hid non-voweled Meem (instead of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-

Tanween) is pronounced. Therefore, the two lips are closed together but not tightly. Then,

while hiding the non-voweled Meem, nasalization should be pronounced and maintained

with Al-Meem till the letter Baa' ( باءال ) is articulated.

Its Location:

Conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can come in two locations:

In the middle of the word, like in

49

reads as layumbadhanna

At the end of the word, such as in

reads as mim ba`d

However, At-Tanween conversion occurs only at the end of the word, as in

udoorS-saatidhm bileemu`aas sread

Consequently:

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come in one word or between

two words.

Yet, the conversion of At-Tanween comes only between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as Al-'ambaaaa'

In this example, the rule of conversion is applied. The non-voweled An-Noon is

convered into a non-voweled Meem before the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) since it’s the letter of the

conversion rule.

Its sign in Al-Mushaf:

50

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon is symbolized in Al-Mushaf by a small

Meem ( م ) above the non-voweled An-Noon. However, for At-Tanween, this small Meem

is placed next to the vowel.

Assessment

51

Complete the following statement by using the appropriate applied

Tajweed term:

………..……....: It is the conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween into a

non-voweled Meem, when followed by the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) with the maintaining of

nasalization.

Choose the right expression:

The rule of conversion can be in:

one word.

two words.

in one and in two words.

Clarify the rule in the following words:

…………………………………………………………….…………...

:……………………………………...………………. …………………

Chapter on the Non-voweled Al-Meem Rules

Ahkaam Al-Meem As-Saakinah (أحكام الميم الساكنة )

50

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon is symbolized in Al-Mushaf by a small

Meem ( م ) above the non-voweled An-Noon. However, for At-Tanween, this small Meem

is placed next to the vowel.

Assessment

49

reads as layumbadhanna

At the end of the word, such as in

reads as mim ba`d

However, At-Tanween conversion occurs only at the end of the word, as in

udoorS-saatidhm bileemu`aas sread

Consequently:

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come in one word or between

two words.

Yet, the conversion of At-Tanween comes only between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as Al-'ambaaaa'

In this example, the rule of conversion is applied. The non-voweled An-Noon is

convered into a non-voweled Meem before the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) since it’s the letter of the

conversion rule.

Its sign in Al-Mushaf:

50

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon is symbolized in Al-Mushaf by a small

Meem ( م ) above the non-voweled An-Noon. However, for At-Tanween, this small Meem

is placed next to the vowel.

Assessment

51

Complete the following statement by using the appropriate applied

Tajweed term:

………..……....: It is the conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween into a

non-voweled Meem, when followed by the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) with the maintaining of

nasalization.

Choose the right expression:

The rule of conversion can be in:

one word.

two words.

in one and in two words.

Clarify the rule in the following words:

…………………………………………………………….…………...

:……………………………………...………………. …………………

Chapter on the Non-voweled Al-Meem Rules

Ahkaam Al-Meem As-Saakinah (أحكام الميم الساكنة )

50

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon is symbolized in Al-Mushaf by a small

Meem ( م ) above the non-voweled An-Noon. However, for At-Tanween, this small Meem

is placed next to the vowel.

Assessment

51

Complete the following statement by using the appropriate applied

Tajweed term:

………..……....: It is the conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween into a

non-voweled Meem, when followed by the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) with the maintaining of

nasalization.

Choose the right expression:

The rule of conversion can be in:

one word.

two words.

in one and in two words.

Clarify the rule in the following words:

…………………………………………………………….…………...

:……………………………………...………………. …………………

Chapter on the Non-voweled Al-Meem Rules

Ahkaam Al-Meem As-Saakinah (أحكام الميم الساكنة )

50

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon is symbolized in Al-Mushaf by a small

Meem ( م ) above the non-voweled An-Noon. However, for At-Tanween, this small Meem

is placed next to the vowel.

Assessment

49

reads as layumbadhanna

At the end of the word, such as in

reads as mim ba`d

However, At-Tanween conversion occurs only at the end of the word, as in

udoorS-saatidhm bileemu`aas sread

Consequently:

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon can either come in one word or between

two words.

Yet, the conversion of At-Tanween comes only between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as Al-'ambaaaa'

In this example, the rule of conversion is applied. The non-voweled An-Noon is

convered into a non-voweled Meem before the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) since it’s the letter of the

conversion rule.

Its sign in Al-Mushaf:

50

The conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon is symbolized in Al-Mushaf by a small

Meem ( م ) above the non-voweled An-Noon. However, for At-Tanween, this small Meem

is placed next to the vowel.

Assessment

51

Complete the following statement by using the appropriate applied

Tajweed term:

………..……....: It is the conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween into a

non-voweled Meem, when followed by the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) with the maintaining of

nasalization.

Choose the right expression:

The rule of conversion can be in:

one word.

two words.

in one and in two words.

Clarify the rule in the following words:

…………………………………………………………….…………...

:……………………………………...………………. …………………

Chapter on the Non-voweled Al-Meem Rules

Ahkaam Al-Meem As-Saakinah (أحكام الميم الساكنة )

52

Its definition:

The non-voweled Al-Meem is Meem free from any diacritic (i.e., Al-Fathah, Al-

Kasrah, and Ad-Dammah).

Its location:

The non-voweled Al-Meen occurs in the middle of the word or at its end.

It can be in nouns, verbs and prepositions.

Its rules:

The non-voweled Al-Meem has three rules:

Clear pronunciation: ( اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar

Insertion: (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam

Hide: (اإلخفاء) Al-'ikhfaa'

The nickname of its rules:

All the rules of the non-voweled Al-Meem are called bilabial rules أحكام شفوية) )

ahkaam shafawiyyah.

The reason for this nickname:

53

They are called bilabial (شفوي)ة shafawiyyah because Al-Meem is articulated from the

two lips. In addition, this nickname helps to differentiate the rules of the non-voweled Al-

Meem from those of the non-voweled An-Noon.

Rule recognition:

The rule of the non-voweled Al-Meem is determined according to the letter that

immediately follows it:

If the letter is Meem (ميم), then the rule is: bilabial insertion idghaam' ()إدغام شفوي

shafawee.

If the letter is Baa' (باء), then the rule is: bilabial hide .ikhfaa' shafawee' ()إخفاء شفوي

For all the other alphabetical letters (except Al-Meem and Al-Baa'), the rule is:

bilabial clear pronunciation )إظهار شفوي( 'idhhaar shafawee.

52

Its definition:

The non-voweled Al-Meem is Meem free from any diacritic (i.e., Al-Fathah, Al-

Kasrah, and Ad-Dammah).

Its location:

The non-voweled Al-Meen occurs in the middle of the word or at its end.

It can be in nouns, verbs and prepositions.

Its rules:

The non-voweled Al-Meem has three rules:

Clear pronunciation: ( اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar

Insertion: (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam

Hide: (اإلخفاء) Al-'ikhfaa'

The nickname of its rules:

All the rules of the non-voweled Al-Meem are called bilabial rules أحكام شفوية) )

ahkaam shafawiyyah.

The reason for this nickname:

51

Complete the following statement by using the appropriate applied

Tajweed term:

………..……....: It is the conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween into a

non-voweled Meem, when followed by the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) with the maintaining of

nasalization.

Choose the right expression:

The rule of conversion can be in:

one word.

two words.

in one and in two words.

Clarify the rule in the following words:

…………………………………………………………….…………...

:……………………………………...………………. …………………

Chapter on the Non-voweled Al-Meem Rules

Ahkaam Al-Meem As-Saakinah (أحكام الميم الساكنة )

52

Its definition:

The non-voweled Al-Meem is Meem free from any diacritic (i.e., Al-Fathah, Al-

Kasrah, and Ad-Dammah).

Its location:

The non-voweled Al-Meen occurs in the middle of the word or at its end.

It can be in nouns, verbs and prepositions.

Its rules:

The non-voweled Al-Meem has three rules:

Clear pronunciation: ( اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar

Insertion: (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam

Hide: (اإلخفاء) Al-'ikhfaa'

The nickname of its rules:

All the rules of the non-voweled Al-Meem are called bilabial rules أحكام شفوية) )

ahkaam shafawiyyah.

The reason for this nickname:

53

They are called bilabial (شفوي)ة shafawiyyah because Al-Meem is articulated from the

two lips. In addition, this nickname helps to differentiate the rules of the non-voweled Al-

Meem from those of the non-voweled An-Noon.

Rule recognition:

The rule of the non-voweled Al-Meem is determined according to the letter that

immediately follows it:

If the letter is Meem (ميم), then the rule is: bilabial insertion idghaam' ()إدغام شفوي

shafawee.

If the letter is Baa' (باء), then the rule is: bilabial hide .ikhfaa' shafawee' ()إخفاء شفوي

For all the other alphabetical letters (except Al-Meem and Al-Baa'), the rule is:

bilabial clear pronunciation )إظهار شفوي( 'idhhaar shafawee.

52

Its definition:

The non-voweled Al-Meem is Meem free from any diacritic (i.e., Al-Fathah, Al-

Kasrah, and Ad-Dammah).

Its location:

The non-voweled Al-Meen occurs in the middle of the word or at its end.

It can be in nouns, verbs and prepositions.

Its rules:

The non-voweled Al-Meem has three rules:

Clear pronunciation: ( اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar

Insertion: (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam

Hide: (اإلخفاء) Al-'ikhfaa'

The nickname of its rules:

All the rules of the non-voweled Al-Meem are called bilabial rules أحكام شفوية) )

ahkaam shafawiyyah.

The reason for this nickname:

53

They are called bilabial (شفوي)ة shafawiyyah because Al-Meem is articulated from the

two lips. In addition, this nickname helps to differentiate the rules of the non-voweled Al-

Meem from those of the non-voweled An-Noon.

Rule recognition:

The rule of the non-voweled Al-Meem is determined according to the letter that

immediately follows it:

If the letter is Meem (ميم), then the rule is: bilabial insertion idghaam' ()إدغام شفوي

shafawee.

If the letter is Baa' (باء), then the rule is: bilabial hide .ikhfaa' shafawee' ()إخفاء شفوي

For all the other alphabetical letters (except Al-Meem and Al-Baa'), the rule is:

bilabial clear pronunciation )إظهار شفوي( 'idhhaar shafawee.

52

Its definition:

The non-voweled Al-Meem is Meem free from any diacritic (i.e., Al-Fathah, Al-

Kasrah, and Ad-Dammah).

Its location:

The non-voweled Al-Meen occurs in the middle of the word or at its end.

It can be in nouns, verbs and prepositions.

Its rules:

The non-voweled Al-Meem has three rules:

Clear pronunciation: ( اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar

Insertion: (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam

Hide: (اإلخفاء) Al-'ikhfaa'

The nickname of its rules:

All the rules of the non-voweled Al-Meem are called bilabial rules أحكام شفوية) )

ahkaam shafawiyyah.

The reason for this nickname:

51

Complete the following statement by using the appropriate applied

Tajweed term:

………..……....: It is the conversion of the non-voweled An-Noon or At-Tanween into a

non-voweled Meem, when followed by the letter Al-Baa' ( باءال ) with the maintaining of

nasalization.

Choose the right expression:

The rule of conversion can be in:

one word.

two words.

in one and in two words.

Clarify the rule in the following words:

…………………………………………………………….…………...

:……………………………………...………………. …………………

Chapter on the Non-voweled Al-Meem Rules

Ahkaam Al-Meem As-Saakinah (أحكام الميم الساكنة )

52

Its definition:

The non-voweled Al-Meem is Meem free from any diacritic (i.e., Al-Fathah, Al-

Kasrah, and Ad-Dammah).

Its location:

The non-voweled Al-Meen occurs in the middle of the word or at its end.

It can be in nouns, verbs and prepositions.

Its rules:

The non-voweled Al-Meem has three rules:

Clear pronunciation: ( اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar

Insertion: (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam

Hide: (اإلخفاء) Al-'ikhfaa'

The nickname of its rules:

All the rules of the non-voweled Al-Meem are called bilabial rules أحكام شفوية) )

ahkaam shafawiyyah.

The reason for this nickname:

53

They are called bilabial (شفوي)ة shafawiyyah because Al-Meem is articulated from the

two lips. In addition, this nickname helps to differentiate the rules of the non-voweled Al-

Meem from those of the non-voweled An-Noon.

Rule recognition:

The rule of the non-voweled Al-Meem is determined according to the letter that

immediately follows it:

If the letter is Meem (ميم), then the rule is: bilabial insertion idghaam' ()إدغام شفوي

shafawee.

If the letter is Baa' (باء), then the rule is: bilabial hide .ikhfaa' shafawee' ()إخفاء شفوي

For all the other alphabetical letters (except Al-Meem and Al-Baa'), the rule is:

bilabial clear pronunciation )إظهار شفوي( 'idhhaar shafawee.

54

1- Bilabial Clear Pronunciation

( الشفوي اإلظهار ) Al-'idhhaar Ash-shafawee

Its definition:

It consists of the pronunciation of the non-voweled Al-Meem from its original

articulation point (the lips) unnasalized.

Its letters:

All the alphabetical letters with the exception of the two letters Al-Meem ( يمامل ) and

Al-Baa' ( باءال ).

Its examples:

reads as wayumdidkum,

reads as bi'amwaalin,

. reads as lakum jannaatin

Location of bilabial clear pronunciation:

Bilabial clear pronunciation can come in the following locations:

In the middle of the word, like in

reads as 'amthaalakum

At the end of the word, such as in:

55

reads as 'alam tara

Consequently:

Bilabial clear pronunciation can be:

In one word.

Between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as wayumdidkum

There is bilabial clear pronunciation here. The non-voweled Al-Meem is clearly

pronounced before the letter Ad-Daal ( دالال ) because Ad-Daal is one of the letters of bilabial

clear pronunciation.

reads as 'amthaalakum

There is bilabial clear pronunciation here as well. The non-voweled Al-Meem is

clearly pronounced before the letter Ath-Thaa' ( ثاءال ) because it’s one of the letters of bilabial

clear pronunciation.

reads as 'alam naj`ali

There is bilabial clear pronunciation here. The non-voweled Al-Meem is clearly

pronounced before the letter An-Noon ( نونال ) which is one of the letters of bilabial clear

pronunciation.

54

1- Bilabial Clear Pronunciation

( الشفوي اإلظهار ) Al-'idhhaar Ash-shafawee

Its definition:

It consists of the pronunciation of the non-voweled Al-Meem from its original

articulation point (the lips) unnasalized.

Its letters:

All the alphabetical letters with the exception of the two letters Al-Meem ( يمامل ) and

Al-Baa' ( باءال ).

Its examples:

reads as wayumdidkum,

reads as bi'amwaalin,

. reads as lakum jannaatin

Location of bilabial clear pronunciation:

Bilabial clear pronunciation can come in the following locations:

In the middle of the word, like in

reads as 'amthaalakum

At the end of the word, such as in:

55

reads as 'alam tara

Consequently:

Bilabial clear pronunciation can be:

In one word.

Between two words.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as wayumdidkum

There is bilabial clear pronunciation here. The non-voweled Al-Meem is clearly

pronounced before the letter Ad-Daal ( دالال ) because Ad-Daal is one of the letters of bilabial

clear pronunciation.

reads as 'amthaalakum

There is bilabial clear pronunciation here as well. The non-voweled Al-Meem is

clearly pronounced before the letter Ath-Thaa' ( ثاءال ) because it’s one of the letters of bilabial

clear pronunciation.

reads as 'alam naj`ali

There is bilabial clear pronunciation here. The non-voweled Al-Meem is clearly

pronounced before the letter An-Noon ( نونال ) which is one of the letters of bilabial clear

pronunciation.

56

Remark for application:

There needs to give special care to pronounce Al-Meem clearly when it is followed

by one of the two letters Al-Waaw and Al-Faa' (الواو والفاء). Actually, these two letters have

their articulation point in common with Al-Meem, thus there is a concern that the non-

voweled Al-Meem would be hid once it precedes any of them.

Its examples:

reads as wahum feehaa

reads as `alayhim walaa,

reads as 'amwaalahum,

Its reason:

These two letters share with Al-Meem the same articulation point. For this reason,

there is great concern that Al-Meem might be hid in the case it precedes them.

57

2- Bilabial Insertion

Al-'idghaam Ash-Shafawee (اإلدغام الشفوي)

Its definition:

It's the insertion of the non-voweled Al-Meem into the letter of insertion that comes

after it - the voweled Al-Meem – which is then duplicated and should be nasalized.

Its letters:

Only Al-Meem.

Its examples:

reads as lahummaa yashaaaa'oona

reads as walakummaa kasabtum,

reads as lahummaghfiratun

Its reason:

The main reason is that they are identical letters. Indeed, the letter inserted (the non-

voweled Al-Meem) and the letter inserted into (the voweled Al-Meem) following it are the

same letter.

Way of pronunciation:

The second Meem is articulated as a duplicated letter in such a manner that the two

lips should be closed tightly. This closing of the lips should go along with a complete

nasalization of two vowel counts.

56

Remark for application:

There needs to give special care to pronounce Al-Meem clearly when it is followed

by one of the two letters Al-Waaw and Al-Faa' (الواو والفاء). Actually, these two letters have

their articulation point in common with Al-Meem, thus there is a concern that the non-

voweled Al-Meem would be hid once it precedes any of them.

Its examples:

reads as wahum feehaa

reads as `alayhim walaa,

reads as 'amwaalahum,

Its reason:

These two letters share with Al-Meem the same articulation point. For this reason,

there is great concern that Al-Meem might be hid in the case it precedes them.

57

2- Bilabial Insertion

Al-'idghaam Ash-Shafawee (اإلدغام الشفوي)

Its definition:

It's the insertion of the non-voweled Al-Meem into the letter of insertion that comes

after it - the voweled Al-Meem – which is then duplicated and should be nasalized.

Its letters:

Only Al-Meem.

Its examples:

reads as lahummaa yashaaaa'oona

reads as walakummaa kasabtum,

reads as lahummaghfiratun

Its reason:

The main reason is that they are identical letters. Indeed, the letter inserted (the non-

voweled Al-Meem) and the letter inserted into (the voweled Al-Meem) following it are the

same letter.

Way of pronunciation:

The second Meem is articulated as a duplicated letter in such a manner that the two

lips should be closed tightly. This closing of the lips should go along with a complete

nasalization of two vowel counts.

58

Clarification of the rule:

reads as walakummaa kasabtum

There is bilabial insertion here. The non-voweled Al-Meem is inserted into the

voweled Al-Meem which comes after it, because Al-Meem is the letter of bilabial insertion.

Its symbol in Al-Mushaf:

The second Al-Meem which is voweled is duplicated, while the first Al-Meem is free

from any vowel symbol and has no diacritic on it.

This is illustrated in the following example

reads as walakummaa

59

3- Bilabial Hide

Al-'ikhfaa' Ash-Shafawee (اإلخفاء الشفوي)

Its definition:

It is the pronunciation of the non-voweled Al-Meem, characterized as between clear

pronunciation (اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar and insertion (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam. It is not duplicated

while nasalization remains with the hid Al-Meem.

Its letters:

Only the letter (Al-Baa') ( باءال )

Its examples:

reads as kuntum bihi

reads as jaaaa'ahum ba'sunaa,

nahum ym bakuh'u as reads

reads as 'antum bihi

58

Clarification of the rule:

reads as walakummaa kasabtum

There is bilabial insertion here. The non-voweled Al-Meem is inserted into the

voweled Al-Meem which comes after it, because Al-Meem is the letter of bilabial insertion.

Its symbol in Al-Mushaf:

The second Al-Meem which is voweled is duplicated, while the first Al-Meem is free

from any vowel symbol and has no diacritic on it.

This is illustrated in the following example

reads as walakummaa

59

3- Bilabial Hide

Al-'ikhfaa' Ash-Shafawee (اإلخفاء الشفوي)

Its definition:

It is the pronunciation of the non-voweled Al-Meem, characterized as between clear

pronunciation (اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar and insertion (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam. It is not duplicated

while nasalization remains with the hid Al-Meem.

Its letters:

Only the letter (Al-Baa') ( باءال )

Its examples:

reads as kuntum bihi

reads as jaaaa'ahum ba'sunaa,

nahum ym bakuh'u as reads

reads as 'antum bihi

60

Clarification of the rule:

reads as jaaaa'ahum ba'sunaa

There is bilabial hide here. The non-voweled Al-Meem is hid before the letter Al-

Baa' ( باءال ) since it’s the letter of bilabial hide.

Way of pronunciation:

Bilabial hide is articulated by the closing of the two lips (not tightly) while

pronouncing Al-Meem, nasalized of two vowel counts.

The Difference Between Real Hide and Bilabial Hide

Real Hide

(اإلخفاء احلقيقي)

Al-'ikhfaa' Al-Haqeeqee

Bilabial Hide

(اإلخفاء الشفوي)

Al-'ikhfaa' Ash-Shafawee

The hide of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween is a real hide since only their nasalization appears.

The hide of the non-voweled

Al-Meem is partial and not complete.

It comes in one word and between two words. It comes only between two words.

61

Assessment

Complete the following:

1- Rules of the non-voweled Al-Meem are:

………………………………………………………………………………………………

They are called: ……………………………………………..……………………….………………………...

2- Which position requires more attention in bilabial clear pronunciation?

…………………………………………………………………………………….…………..

Match each expression with its suitable one:

Bilabial hide )إخفاء شفوي(

Bilabial clear pronunciation )إظهار شفوي(

Bilabial insertion ()إدغام شفوي

60

Clarification of the rule:

reads as jaaaa'ahum ba'sunaa

There is bilabial hide here. The non-voweled Al-Meem is hid before the letter Al-

Baa' ( باءال ) since it’s the letter of bilabial hide.

Way of pronunciation:

Bilabial hide is articulated by the closing of the two lips (not tightly) while

pronouncing Al-Meem, nasalized of two vowel counts.

The Difference Between Real Hide and Bilabial Hide

Real Hide

(اإلخفاء احلقيقي)

Al-'ikhfaa' Al-Haqeeqee

Bilabial Hide

(اإلخفاء الشفوي)

Al-'ikhfaa' Ash-Shafawee

The hide of the non-voweled An-Noon and At-Tanween is a real hide since only their nasalization appears.

The hide of the non-voweled

Al-Meem is partial and not complete.

It comes in one word and between two words. It comes only between two words.

61

Assessment

Complete the following:

1- Rules of the non-voweled Al-Meem are:

………………………………………………………………………………………………

They are called: ……………………………………………..……………………….………………………...

2- Which position requires more attention in bilabial clear pronunciation?

…………………………………………………………………………………….…………..

Match each expression with its suitable one:

Bilabial hide )إخفاء شفوي(

Bilabial clear pronunciation )إظهار شفوي(

Bilabial insertion ()إدغام شفوي

62

Chapter: Thickening and Thinning

( والرتقيقالتفخيم ) At-Tafkheem Wat-Tarqeeq

At-Tafkheem:

Its definition:

It is thickening the sound of the letter when pronouncing it so that the mouth is filled

with its echo.

Its opposite is thinning (At-Tarqeeq).

At-Tarqeeq:

Its definition:

It is thinning the sound of the letter, so the mouth is not filled with its echo. This

happens because the posterior tongue is not elevated to the roof of the mouth (in the soft

palate precisely) while these letters are being articulated.

Groups of the Arabic alphabetical letters according to At-Tafkheem and At-Tarqeeq:

Arabic letters are divided into three groups when it comes to thickening and thinning.

63

1- A group of letters that are always

thickened. Its letters are collected in the

expression: (خص ضغط قظ)

(Khussa daghtin qidh)

2- A group of letters that accept both thickening and

thinning. Its letters are:

( الراء -الالم –األلف )

, Al-'alif (األلف (

, Al-Laam (الالم )

'Ar-Raa )الراء)

3- Letters that are always thinned.

This group consists of the rest of the

Arabic alphabetical

letters.

Firstly: The letters that are always thickened:

They are seven:

(اخلاء ، الصاد ، الضاد ، الغني ، الطاء ، القاف ، الظاء)

,'At-Taa (الطاء) ,Al-Ghayn (الغني ) ,Ad-Daad (الضاد) ,As-Saad (الصاد) ,'Al-Khaa (اخلاء (

.'Adh-Dhaa (الظاء) ,Al-Qaaf (القاف)

They are collected in the expression (خص ضغط قظ) (Khussa daghtin qidh).

The reason of thickening:

The elevation of the posterior tongue to the roof of the mouth (soft palate) during the

articulation of a letter confines the air between the tongue and the upper palate (and thus

focusing the pressure of the letter to the roof of the mouth). This action leads to thickening

the sound of the letter.

62

Chapter: Thickening and Thinning

( والرتقيقالتفخيم ) At-Tafkheem Wat-Tarqeeq

At-Tafkheem:

Its definition:

It is thickening the sound of the letter when pronouncing it so that the mouth is filled

with its echo.

Its opposite is thinning (At-Tarqeeq).

At-Tarqeeq:

Its definition:

It is thinning the sound of the letter, so the mouth is not filled with its echo. This

happens because the posterior tongue is not elevated to the roof of the mouth (in the soft

palate precisely) while these letters are being articulated.

Groups of the Arabic alphabetical letters according to At-Tafkheem and At-Tarqeeq:

Arabic letters are divided into three groups when it comes to thickening and thinning.

63

1- A group of letters that are always

thickened. Its letters are collected in the

expression: (خص ضغط قظ)

(Khussa daghtin qidh)

2- A group of letters that accept both thickening and

thinning. Its letters are:

( الراء -الالم –األلف )

, Al-'alif (األلف (

, Al-Laam (الالم )

'Ar-Raa )الراء)

3- Letters that are always thinned.

This group consists of the rest of the

Arabic alphabetical

letters.

Firstly: The letters that are always thickened:

They are seven:

(اخلاء ، الصاد ، الضاد ، الغني ، الطاء ، القاف ، الظاء)

,'At-Taa (الطاء) ,Al-Ghayn (الغني ) ,Ad-Daad (الضاد) ,As-Saad (الصاد) ,'Al-Khaa (اخلاء (

.'Adh-Dhaa (الظاء) ,Al-Qaaf (القاف)

They are collected in the expression (خص ضغط قظ) (Khussa daghtin qidh).

The reason of thickening:

The elevation of the posterior tongue to the roof of the mouth (soft palate) during the

articulation of a letter confines the air between the tongue and the upper palate (and thus

focusing the pressure of the letter to the roof of the mouth). This action leads to thickening

the sound of the letter.

64

The levels of thickening:

The levels of thickening the letters from the highest to the lowest level are as follows,

starting with the highest level:

1- The letter of thickening that carries Fathah on it and is followed by 'alif, like in

reads as Al-Ghaashiyah,

.'i`eenaaaaat reads as 2- The letter of thickening that carries Fathah on it, but is not followed by 'alif, such as

in

foor gha as reads ,aama`at as reads

3- The letter of thickening that has Dammah on it, as illustrated in the following examples

ilibatghu as reads ,oobaat as reads

4- The letter of thickening that is non-voweled, like in these examples

firu ghya as reads ba`tya as reads

5- The letter of thickening that has Kasrah under it, such as in

inllghi as reads btumit as reads

65

Secondly: Group of letters that accept both thickening and thinning:

Its letters are: (Al-'alif األلف, Al-Laam الالم, Ar-Raa' .( الراء

Thirdly: Group of letters that are always thinned:

This group consists of the rest of the Arabic alphabetical letters, with the exception of:

The letters that are always thickened.

The letters that accept thickening and thinning.

These letters are known as the thinned letters.

Their number:

The letters of thinning are 19:

Al-Hamzah اهلمزة) ), Al-Baa' 'At-Taa , (الباء) ( التاء ), Ath-Thaa' ( الثاء ), Al-Jeem ( اجليم) , Al-Haa' احلاء) ), Ad-Daal ( الدال) , Adh-Dhaal الذال) ), Az-Zay ( الزاي) , As-Seen (السني) , Ash-Sheen ( الشني ), Al-`ayn (العني ), Al-Faa' ( الفاء) , Al-Kaaf الكاف) ), Al-Meem ( امليم) , An-Noon (اهلاء 'Al-Haa , (النون) ), Al-Waaw (الواو) , Al-Yaa' الياء) ).

Remark

It is important to pronounce the thinned letters properly when they are next to the

thickened ones, as illustrated in the following examples

natsafawa as reads ,qalakha as reads

reads as 'ara'ayta,

hasmakhma as reads

64

The levels of thickening:

The levels of thickening the letters from the highest to the lowest level are as follows,

starting with the highest level:

1- The letter of thickening that carries Fathah on it and is followed by 'alif, like in

reads as Al-Ghaashiyah,

.'i`eenaaaaat reads as 2- The letter of thickening that carries Fathah on it, but is not followed by 'alif, such as

in

foor gha as reads ,aama`at as reads

3- The letter of thickening that has Dammah on it, as illustrated in the following examples

ilibatghu as reads ,oobaat as reads

4- The letter of thickening that is non-voweled, like in these examples

firu ghya as reads ba`tya as reads

5- The letter of thickening that has Kasrah under it, such as in

inllghi as reads btumit as reads

65

Secondly: Group of letters that accept both thickening and thinning:

Its letters are: (Al-'alif األلف, Al-Laam الالم, Ar-Raa' .( الراء

Thirdly: Group of letters that are always thinned:

This group consists of the rest of the Arabic alphabetical letters, with the exception of:

The letters that are always thickened.

The letters that accept thickening and thinning.

These letters are known as the thinned letters.

Their number:

The letters of thinning are 19:

Al-Hamzah اهلمزة) ), Al-Baa' 'At-Taa , (الباء) ( التاء ), Ath-Thaa' ( الثاء ), Al-Jeem ( اجليم) , Al-Haa' احلاء) ), Ad-Daal ( الدال) , Adh-Dhaal الذال) ), Az-Zay ( الزاي) , As-Seen (السني) , Ash-Sheen ( الشني ), Al-`ayn (العني ), Al-Faa' ( الفاء) , Al-Kaaf الكاف) ), Al-Meem ( امليم) , An-Noon (اهلاء 'Al-Haa , (النون) ), Al-Waaw (الواو) , Al-Yaa' الياء) ).

Remark

It is important to pronounce the thinned letters properly when they are next to the

thickened ones, as illustrated in the following examples

natsafawa as reads ,qalakha as reads

reads as 'ara'ayta,

hasmakhma as reads

66

reads as tarhaquhaa qatarah,

The letters that accept thickening sometimes and thinning at others:

A- Al'alif:

It is the lengthened 'alif, which is non-voweled and preceded by a letter carrying

Fathah on it.

Its rule:

It follows the letter preceding it being thickened or thinned:

1- It is thickened if a thick letter precedes it, like

, diqeenaas as reads 2- It is thinned if a thin letter precedes it, as in

reads as As-Smaaaaa.

A common mistake:

* In Al-'alif coming after a letter of thickening, thickening is not continued to the end

of the sound of 'alif.

reads as murtafaqaa

* In Al-'alif coming after a letter of thinning, the sound of Al-'alif is tilted towards

Al-Yaa' (إمالة) 'imaalah, such as in

reads as An-Najwaa چ چ

67

B- The letter Al-Laam of the Name of Allah the All-Mighty:

Its definition:

Al-Laam letter that occurrs only in the Name (Allah), the Most Glorified, the Most

High, as it appears here, has a special pronunciation

reads as Al-Laahi

Its rule:

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah sometimes has thickening and sometimes

thinning.

The states in which it should be thinned:

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thinned if it's preceded by:

A separated Kasrah, like in

reads as bismi Llaahi

reads as quli Llaahumma,

A connected Kasrah, like in

reads as lillaahi reads as billaahi,

The states in which it should be thickened:

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thickened in the following states:

66

reads as tarhaquhaa qatarah,

The letters that accept thickening sometimes and thinning at others:

A- Al'alif:

It is the lengthened 'alif, which is non-voweled and preceded by a letter carrying

Fathah on it.

Its rule:

It follows the letter preceding it being thickened or thinned:

1- It is thickened if a thick letter precedes it, like

, diqeenaas as reads 2- It is thinned if a thin letter precedes it, as in

reads as As-Smaaaaa.

A common mistake:

* In Al-'alif coming after a letter of thickening, thickening is not continued to the end

of the sound of 'alif.

reads as murtafaqaa

* In Al-'alif coming after a letter of thinning, the sound of Al-'alif is tilted towards

Al-Yaa' (إمالة) 'imaalah, such as in

reads as An-Najwaa چ چ

67

B- The letter Al-Laam of the Name of Allah the All-Mighty:

Its definition:

Al-Laam letter that occurrs only in the Name (Allah), the Most Glorified, the Most

High, as it appears here, has a special pronunciation

reads as Al-Laahi

Its rule:

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah sometimes has thickening and sometimes

thinning.

The states in which it should be thinned:

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thinned if it's preceded by:

A separated Kasrah, like in

reads as bismi Llaahi

reads as quli Llaahumma,

A connected Kasrah, like in

reads as lillaahi reads as billaahi,

The states in which it should be thickened:

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thickened in the following states:

68

1- When we start with it. In reality, the link Hamzah (همزة الوصل) hamzatul-Wasl in the

Glorious Name of Allah is established when starting with it, and it is pronounced with Al-

Fathah, such as in

reads as Al-Laahi

reads as Al-Laahumma,

2- If it's preceded by:

* Al-Fathah, like in

reads as qaala Llaahu

* Ad-Dammah, like in

reads as naaru Llaahi

Clarification of the rule:

reads as bismi Llaahi

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thinned because it's preceded by a

separated Kasrah in the end of the word bism ) ) Clarification of the rule:

reads as naaru Llaahi

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thickened because there is Dammah

before it.

69

Assessment

The letters that are always thickened are:

…………………..………………………………………………………..….

The letters that are always thinned are:

……………………………………………………...………………...……….…

The letters that are sometimes thickened and sometimes thinned are:

…………………………………………..………………………………….…..

Complete the following statements:

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thickened when

………………………………………..………………………………………………….……

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thinned when

………………………………………..……………………………………………….………

…………………………………………………………….………………………………….

68

1- When we start with it. In reality, the link Hamzah (همزة الوصل) hamzatul-Wasl in the

Glorious Name of Allah is established when starting with it, and it is pronounced with Al-

Fathah, such as in

reads as Al-Laahi

reads as Al-Laahumma,

2- If it's preceded by:

* Al-Fathah, like in

reads as qaala Llaahu

* Ad-Dammah, like in

reads as naaru Llaahi

Clarification of the rule:

reads as bismi Llaahi

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thinned because it's preceded by a

separated Kasrah in the end of the word bism ) ) Clarification of the rule:

reads as naaru Llaahi

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thickened because there is Dammah

before it.

69

Assessment

The letters that are always thickened are:

…………………..………………………………………………………..….

The letters that are always thinned are:

……………………………………………………...………………...……….…

The letters that are sometimes thickened and sometimes thinned are:

…………………………………………..………………………………….…..

Complete the following statements:

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thickened when

………………………………………..………………………………………………….……

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Al-Laam of the Glorious Name of Allah is thinned when

………………………………………..……………………………………………….………

…………………………………………………………….………………………………….

70

C- The letter Ar-Raa' (الراء):

Its definition:

The letter Ar-Raa' accepts both thickening and thinning. It has three states:

1- Thickening (التفخيم) At-Tafkheem:

Ar-Raa' that is thickened is one whose sound is coarse and fat.

The letter Ar-Raa' has thickening in these cases:

1- If it carries Ad-Dammah, such as in

a'aaaamahru as reads

2- If it carries Al-Fathah, such as in

reads as rabbanaa

3- If it is non-voweled and the letter before it has Ad-Dammah, such as in

reads as Al-Ghurfata

4- If it is non-voweled and the letter before it carries Al-Fathah, such as in

reads as Maryam

6- If it is non-voweled after a letter with an original Kasrah. In addition, after the letter

Ar-Raa' we find a letter of elevation carrying Al-Fathah within the same word,

such as in

,aadaasrmi as reads ,aastrqi as reads

71

reads as firqah

,aadisrlabilmi as reads

.aadaasr'i as reads 6- If the letter Ar-Raa' is preceded by a link Hamzah (Hamzatul Wasl), whether we start

with the link Hamzah or continue reciting, such as in

reads as 'irji`ee reads as 'irtaaboo,

2-Thinning (الرتقيق) At-Tarqeeq:

Ar-Raa' that is thinned is one that has a thin and soft sound.

The letter Ar-Raa' is thinned in the following cases:

1- If it has Kasrah, such as in

reads as rizqaa reads as mareej,

2- If the letter Ar-Raa' is non-voweled and comes after an original Kasrah. Moreover, after

it, there should not be a letter of elevation carrying Fathah connected to it (i.e., within the

same word), like in these examples

reads as fir`awn reads as Al-Firdaws,

3- If Ar-Raa' is at the end of the word and is preceded by the non-voweled letter Al-Yaa'

that is either a lengthening letter or a lax (Leen) letter (i.e., the non-voweled Al-Yaa'

preceded by a letter bearing Fathah), then we stop at the letter Ar-Raa' with a temporary

Sukoon.

70

C- The letter Ar-Raa' (الراء):

Its definition:

The letter Ar-Raa' accepts both thickening and thinning. It has three states:

1- Thickening (التفخيم) At-Tafkheem:

Ar-Raa' that is thickened is one whose sound is coarse and fat.

The letter Ar-Raa' has thickening in these cases:

1- If it carries Ad-Dammah, such as in

a'aaaamahru as reads

2- If it carries Al-Fathah, such as in

reads as rabbanaa

3- If it is non-voweled and the letter before it has Ad-Dammah, such as in

reads as Al-Ghurfata

4- If it is non-voweled and the letter before it carries Al-Fathah, such as in

reads as Maryam

6- If it is non-voweled after a letter with an original Kasrah. In addition, after the letter

Ar-Raa' we find a letter of elevation carrying Al-Fathah within the same word,

such as in

,aadaasrmi as reads ,aastrqi as reads

71

reads as firqah

,aadisrlabilmi as reads

.aadaasr'i as reads 6- If the letter Ar-Raa' is preceded by a link Hamzah (Hamzatul Wasl), whether we start

with the link Hamzah or continue reciting, such as in

reads as 'irji`ee reads as 'irtaaboo,

2-Thinning (الرتقيق) At-Tarqeeq:

Ar-Raa' that is thinned is one that has a thin and soft sound.

The letter Ar-Raa' is thinned in the following cases:

1- If it has Kasrah, such as in

reads as rizqaa reads as mareej,

2- If the letter Ar-Raa' is non-voweled and comes after an original Kasrah. Moreover, after

it, there should not be a letter of elevation carrying Fathah connected to it (i.e., within the

same word), like in these examples

reads as fir`awn reads as Al-Firdaws,

3- If Ar-Raa' is at the end of the word and is preceded by the non-voweled letter Al-Yaa'

that is either a lengthening letter or a lax (Leen) letter (i.e., the non-voweled Al-Yaa'

preceded by a letter bearing Fathah), then we stop at the letter Ar-Raa' with a temporary

Sukoon.

72

reesba as reads ,rkhay as reads

3- The cases where the letter Ar-Raa' can be both thickened and thinned:

Firstly: The two different ways of reciting Ar-Raa' (with thickening or thinning)

apply when continuing recitation or when stopping. This occurs in only one word in the

Noble Qur'aan as shown below. In addition, the letter Ar-Raa' is located in the middle of

this word:

reads as firqin

Secondly: The two different ways of reciting Ar-Raa' (with thickening or thinning)

apply only when stopping and the letter Ar-Raa' is the last letter of the word in the

following positions:

1- Words where thinning is preferred only

reads as yasr. reads as 'asr,

,rfa'as as reads ,rtQi-Al as reads

2- Words where thickening is more appropriate, just in

rsiM as reads

A common mistake: The thinned letter Ar-Raa', located at the end of a word and preceded by Al-Kasrah,

is pronounced as a thickened one. This mistake could be corrected by completing the

pronunciation of Al-Kasrah belonging to the letter which comes before it as in:

irsfanta as reads ,irmuddak as reads

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Assessment

Complete the following statements:

Ar-Raa' is thickened when…………………………..……………………………….………

Ar-Raa' is thinned when……………………………………………..………………………

Clarify the rule of Ar-Raa' in the following words:

…………………………………………

……….………………………………

……………….………………………

……………….………………………

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reesba as reads ,rkhay as reads

3- The cases where the letter Ar-Raa' can be both thickened and thinned:

Firstly: The two different ways of reciting Ar-Raa' (with thickening or thinning)

apply when continuing recitation or when stopping. This occurs in only one word in the

Noble Qur'aan as shown below. In addition, the letter Ar-Raa' is located in the middle of

this word:

reads as firqin

Secondly: The two different ways of reciting Ar-Raa' (with thickening or thinning)

apply only when stopping and the letter Ar-Raa' is the last letter of the word in the

following positions:

1- Words where thinning is preferred only

reads as yasr. reads as 'asr,

,rfa'as as reads ,rtQi-Al as reads

2- Words where thickening is more appropriate, just in

rsiM as reads

A common mistake: The thinned letter Ar-Raa', located at the end of a word and preceded by Al-Kasrah,

is pronounced as a thickened one. This mistake could be corrected by completing the

pronunciation of Al-Kasrah belonging to the letter which comes before it as in:

irsfanta as reads ,irmuddak as reads

73

Assessment

Complete the following statements:

Ar-Raa' is thickened when…………………………..……………………………….………

Ar-Raa' is thinned when……………………………………………..………………………

Clarify the rule of Ar-Raa' in the following words:

…………………………………………

……….………………………………

……………….………………………

……………….………………………

74

Chapter on the Non-voweled Al-Laam Rules )باب الالمات الساكنة(

Baab Al-Laamaat As-Saakinah We mean by Al-Laam As-Saakinah every non-voweled Laam whether original or

added. It occurs in nouns, verbs, or prepositions.

It includes:

The non-voweled Al-Laam of the definite article 'al' (ال) that precedes nouns, the non-

voweled Al-Laam of the noun, the non-voweled Al-Laam of the imperative, the non-

voweled Al-Laam of the verb, and the non-voweled Al-Laam of the preposition.

Al-Laam of the Definite Article 'al'

(التعريف )الم ]ال[ Laam ['al] At-Ta`reef

Its definition:

It’s an extra non-voweled Laam added to the beginning of the word and serves to

make it definite (by opposition to a noun which is not definite). This noun is preceded by a

link Hamzah (Hamzatul Wasl) (that is read, in this case, with Al-Fathah when starting the

word, dropped when continuing from a previous word). This definite article )ال( is like the

English word 'the'.

75

Its examples:

reads as Ash-Shams ,

reads as Al-Qamari,

reads as Al-Layli,

aahuD-dA as reads Its categories:

The definite Al-laam is divided into two categories:

1- Al-Laam Al-Qamariyyah which stands for the lunar Al-Laam.

2- Al-Laam ash-Shamsiyyah which stands for the solar Al-Laam.

Firstly: The lunar Al-Laam )الالم القمرية( Al-Laam Al-Qamariyyah:

Its definition:

It is the non-voweled Al-Laam of the definite article that is added to a word starting

with a lunar letter.

The lunar letters:

They are fourteen, and they are collected in the following expression:

reads as ('ibghi hajjaka wakhaf `aqeemahu ) (ابغ حجك وخف عقيمه)

74

Chapter on the Non-voweled Al-Laam Rules )باب الالمات الساكنة(

Baab Al-Laamaat As-Saakinah We mean by Al-Laam As-Saakinah every non-voweled Laam whether original or

added. It occurs in nouns, verbs, or prepositions.

It includes:

The non-voweled Al-Laam of the definite article 'al' (ال) that precedes nouns, the non-

voweled Al-Laam of the noun, the non-voweled Al-Laam of the imperative, the non-

voweled Al-Laam of the verb, and the non-voweled Al-Laam of the preposition.

Al-Laam of the Definite Article 'al'

(التعريف )الم ]ال[ Laam ['al] At-Ta`reef

Its definition:

It’s an extra non-voweled Laam added to the beginning of the word and serves to

make it definite (by opposition to a noun which is not definite). This noun is preceded by a

link Hamzah (Hamzatul Wasl) (that is read, in this case, with Al-Fathah when starting the

word, dropped when continuing from a previous word). This definite article )ال( is like the

English word 'the'.

75

Its examples:

reads as Ash-Shams ,

reads as Al-Qamari,

reads as Al-Layli,

aahuD-dA as reads Its categories:

The definite Al-laam is divided into two categories:

1- Al-Laam Al-Qamariyyah which stands for the lunar Al-Laam.

2- Al-Laam ash-Shamsiyyah which stands for the solar Al-Laam.

Firstly: The lunar Al-Laam )الالم القمرية( Al-Laam Al-Qamariyyah:

Its definition:

It is the non-voweled Al-Laam of the definite article that is added to a word starting

with a lunar letter.

The lunar letters:

They are fourteen, and they are collected in the following expression:

reads as ('ibghi hajjaka wakhaf `aqeemahu ) (ابغ حجك وخف عقيمه)

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Their examples:

reads as Al-Fajri,

reads as Al-Kitaabu ,

, reads as Al-Mu'minu

reads as Al-Wa`du.

Its rule:

The rule of the lunar Al-Laam of the definite article (ال) is clear pronunciation (اإلظهار)

Al-'idhhaar. It is called: lunar clear pronunciation (اإلظهار القمري) Al-'idhhaar Al-Qamaree.

In this case, the non-voweled Al-Laam is pronounced clearly before the lunar letter

and it appears clearly.

Clarification of the rule:

read ad bilghayb

There is lunar clear pronunciation here. The lunar Al-Laam is pronounced clearly

before the letter Al-Ghayn ( غينال ), because Al-Ghayn is one of the lunar letters from the

word: 'ibghi ( غاب ).

Secondly: The solar Al-Laam )الالم الشمسية( Al-Laam ash-Shamsiyyah:

Its definition:

It is Al-Laam of the definite article 'al' (ال)that is added to a word which starts with a

solar letter.

77

The solar letters:

They are fourteen excluding the lunar letters.

They collected in the starting letters of the words of this verse:

لكرملريفا شر زن ظوء سع د عم نا ذف ضفز تمحا رل صم ثب ط

reads as tib thumma sil rahiman tafuz dif dha ni`am da` soo'a dhannin

zur shareefan lilkaram

Their examples:

,ibyyiaT-tA as reads

reads as Ath-Thaaqibu,

, amadS-sA as reads

reads as At-Taaaa'iboona ,

.aniDh-dhA as reads

Its rule:

The rule of the solar Al-Laam of the definite article (ال) is insertion اإلدغام) ). It’s

called: solar insertion (اإلدغام الشمسي) Al-'idghaam ash-Shamsee.

In this case, the non-voweled Al-Laam is inserted into the solar letter and the latter is

duplicated and bears Shaddah.

76

Their examples:

reads as Al-Fajri,

reads as Al-Kitaabu ,

, reads as Al-Mu'minu

reads as Al-Wa`du.

Its rule:

The rule of the lunar Al-Laam of the definite article (ال) is clear pronunciation (اإلظهار)

Al-'idhhaar. It is called: lunar clear pronunciation (اإلظهار القمري) Al-'idhhaar Al-Qamaree.

In this case, the non-voweled Al-Laam is pronounced clearly before the lunar letter

and it appears clearly.

Clarification of the rule:

read ad bilghayb

There is lunar clear pronunciation here. The lunar Al-Laam is pronounced clearly

before the letter Al-Ghayn ( غينال ), because Al-Ghayn is one of the lunar letters from the

word: 'ibghi ( غاب ).

Secondly: The solar Al-Laam )الالم الشمسية( Al-Laam ash-Shamsiyyah:

Its definition:

It is Al-Laam of the definite article 'al' (ال)that is added to a word which starts with a

solar letter.

77

The solar letters:

They are fourteen excluding the lunar letters.

They collected in the starting letters of the words of this verse:

لكرملريفا شر زن ظوء سع د عم نا ذف ضفز تمحا رل صم ثب ط

reads as tib thumma sil rahiman tafuz dif dha ni`am da` soo'a dhannin

zur shareefan lilkaram

Their examples:

,ibyyiaT-tA as reads

reads as Ath-Thaaqibu,

, amadS-sA as reads

reads as At-Taaaa'iboona ,

.aniDh-dhA as reads

Its rule:

The rule of the solar Al-Laam of the definite article (ال) is insertion اإلدغام) ). It’s

called: solar insertion (اإلدغام الشمسي) Al-'idghaam ash-Shamsee.

In this case, the non-voweled Al-Laam is inserted into the solar letter and the latter is

duplicated and bears Shaddah.

78

Clarification of the rule:

aiyybT-tA as reads There is solar insertion here. Al-Laam is inserted into the letter At-Taa' ( طاءال ),

because At-Taa' is one of the solar letters which comes at the beginning of the word tib

( بط ).

The Noun Laam

Laam Al-'ism (الم االسم)

Its definition:

It is the original non-voweled Al-Laam of a noun and it is always found in its middle.

Its examples:

reads as salsabeelaa,

reads as khalfihim,

a,aanatlsu as reads

reads as 'alsinatahum.

Its rule:

The non-voweled Al-Laam found in the middle of the noun should always be

pronounced clearly in all cases whatever letter comes after it.

79

Clarification of the rule:

reads as sultanaa

This is the non-voweled Al-Laam of the noun.

Its rule: Clear pronunciation, because it's original and belongs to the basic set up of the

word.

Imperative Laam

Laam 'al-'amr (الم األمر)

Its definition:

It’s an added non-voweled Laam which is appended to the beginning of the verb and

it is intended to mean the imperative.

Its examples:

reads as walyoofoo,

, oodyaqlthumma as reads

.oohyafralfa as reads

Its rule:

The rule is obligatory clear pronunciation in all cases.

78

Clarification of the rule:

aiyybT-tA as reads There is solar insertion here. Al-Laam is inserted into the letter At-Taa' ( طاءال ),

because At-Taa' is one of the solar letters which comes at the beginning of the word tib

( بط ).

The Noun Laam

Laam Al-'ism (الم االسم)

Its definition:

It is the original non-voweled Al-Laam of a noun and it is always found in its middle.

Its examples:

reads as salsabeelaa,

reads as khalfihim,

a,aanatlsu as reads

reads as 'alsinatahum.

Its rule:

The non-voweled Al-Laam found in the middle of the noun should always be

pronounced clearly in all cases whatever letter comes after it.

79

Clarification of the rule:

reads as sultanaa

This is the non-voweled Al-Laam of the noun.

Its rule: Clear pronunciation, because it's original and belongs to the basic set up of the

word.

Imperative Laam

Laam 'al-'amr (الم األمر)

Its definition:

It’s an added non-voweled Laam which is appended to the beginning of the verb and

it is intended to mean the imperative.

Its examples:

reads as walyoofoo,

, oodyaqlthumma as reads

.oohyafralfa as reads

Its rule:

The rule is obligatory clear pronunciation in all cases.

80

Its condition:

It should be preceded by one of the coordinating conjunctions, which are

( Al-Waw (الواو), thumma ( ثم), Al-Faa' ( الفاء ) ).

Actually, if it’s not preceded by one of these conjunctions, it will have Kasrah, such as in

reads as liyunfiq

Clarification of the rule:

oohyafralfa as reads There is clear pronunciation of the non-voweled Al-Laam of the imperative here,

because it is an extra Laam added to the verb and indicates the imperative. It is also

preceded by the coordinating conjunction Al-Faa' (الفاء).

81

Prepositional Laam

Laam 'al-Harf (الم احلرف)

Its definition:

It’s an original non-voweled Laam. The only two prepositions that have non-voweled

Al-Laam are (hal هـــل, bal بــــل )

Its examples:

reads as hal haadhaa,

reads as hallakum,ز

reads as bal bada,

reads as barrabbukum.

Its rule:

Two rules are applied to the non-voweled Al-Laam of the preposition:

1- Insertion (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam, in the case it is followed by one of the two letters

Al-Laam (الالم) or Ar-Raa' ( الراء) like in

reads as barrafa`ahu

reads as hallakum ,

80

Its condition:

It should be preceded by one of the coordinating conjunctions, which are

( Al-Waw (الواو), thumma ( ثم), Al-Faa' ( الفاء ) ).

Actually, if it’s not preceded by one of these conjunctions, it will have Kasrah, such as in

reads as liyunfiq

Clarification of the rule:

oohyafralfa as reads There is clear pronunciation of the non-voweled Al-Laam of the imperative here,

because it is an extra Laam added to the verb and indicates the imperative. It is also

preceded by the coordinating conjunction Al-Faa' (الفاء).

81

Prepositional Laam

Laam 'al-Harf (الم احلرف)

Its definition:

It’s an original non-voweled Laam. The only two prepositions that have non-voweled

Al-Laam are (hal هـــل, bal بــــل )

Its examples:

reads as hal haadhaa,

reads as hallakum,ز

reads as bal bada,

reads as barrabbukum.

Its rule:

Two rules are applied to the non-voweled Al-Laam of the preposition:

1- Insertion (اإلدغام) Al-'idghaam, in the case it is followed by one of the two letters

Al-Laam (الالم) or Ar-Raa' ( الراء) like in

reads as barrafa`ahu

reads as hallakum ,

82

2- Clear pronunciation (اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar, if it is not followed by Al-Laam ( )الالم

or Ar-Raa' such as in

reads as hal min. reads as bal hum,

Clarification of the rule:

reads as hallakum

There is prepositional Laam here. Its rule is insertion because there is Al-Laam letter

.after it (الم)

reads as barrafa`ahu

There is prepositional Laam here too. Its rule is insertion if Ar-Raa` letter (راء) is after it.

reads as bal hum

There is prepositional Laam. Its rule is clear pronunciation because there is neither

Laam (الم) nor Raa' (راء) after it ..

reads as bal raana

There is prepositional Laam here. Its rule is clear pronunciation according to the

reciter Hafs, who makes a breathless pause (سكت) sakt between the two words. (A

breathless pause (سكت) sakt is a stop without taking a breath for a period of time less than

that of a normal stop). This has been transmitted by numerous reciters (At-Tawaatur).

83

The Verb Laam

Laam Al-Fi`l (الم الفعل)

Its definition:

It’s an original non-voweled Laam which occurs in the verb. It comes in its middle or

at its end.

Its examples:

reads as sanulqee, reads as 'alhaakumu,

reads as qul. read waja`alnaa,

Its rule:

Its rule depends on its position within the verb according to the following:

* If it occurs in the middle of the verb, its rule is clear pronunciation in all cases, no matter

which letter comes after it, such as in

reads as 'iltaqaa.

reads as 'anzalnaa,

* If it occurs at the end of the verb, it has two possible rules:

1- Insertion )اإلدغام( Al-'idghaam in the case it is followed by one of these two

letters: Al-Laam ( )الالم or Ar-Raa' like in

82

2- Clear pronunciation (اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar, if it is not followed by Al-Laam ( )الالم

or Ar-Raa' such as in

reads as hal min. reads as bal hum,

Clarification of the rule:

reads as hallakum

There is prepositional Laam here. Its rule is insertion because there is Al-Laam letter

.after it (الم)

reads as barrafa`ahu

There is prepositional Laam here too. Its rule is insertion if Ar-Raa` letter (راء) is after it.

reads as bal hum

There is prepositional Laam. Its rule is clear pronunciation because there is neither

Laam (الم) nor Raa' (راء) after it ..

reads as bal raana

There is prepositional Laam here. Its rule is clear pronunciation according to the

reciter Hafs, who makes a breathless pause (سكت) sakt between the two words. (A

breathless pause (سكت) sakt is a stop without taking a breath for a period of time less than

that of a normal stop). This has been transmitted by numerous reciters (At-Tawaatur).

83

The Verb Laam

Laam Al-Fi`l (الم الفعل)

Its definition:

It’s an original non-voweled Laam which occurs in the verb. It comes in its middle or

at its end.

Its examples:

reads as sanulqee, reads as 'alhaakumu,

reads as qul. read waja`alnaa,

Its rule:

Its rule depends on its position within the verb according to the following:

* If it occurs in the middle of the verb, its rule is clear pronunciation in all cases, no matter

which letter comes after it, such as in

reads as 'iltaqaa.

reads as 'anzalnaa,

* If it occurs at the end of the verb, it has two possible rules:

1- Insertion )اإلدغام( Al-'idghaam in the case it is followed by one of these two

letters: Al-Laam ( )الالم or Ar-Raa' like in

84

reads as qurrabbi,

reads as qullaaaa 'amliku,

reads as naj`allahoo

2- Clear pronunciation (اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar if it is followed by any letter with the

exception of the two letters Al-Laam ( )الالم or Ar-Raa' (الراء) , such as in

reads as qul man.

reads as yaj`al kaydahum,

Clarification of the rule:

reads as qul man

There is the verb Laam here. Its rule is clear pronunciation because it is placed at the

end of the verb and neither Laam nor Raa' comes after it.

reads as sanulqee

There is the verb Laam here. Its rule is clear pronunciation because it is placed in the middle of the verb.

reads as qurrabbi

There is the verb Laam here . Its rule is insertion because it is placed at the end of the

verb and followed by the letter Ar-Raa'.

85

Assessment

The categories of the non-voweled Al-Laam of the definite article 'al' (ال)

are:

……………………………… , ……………………………

Its letters:

……………………………… , ……………………………

Its rules:

……………………………… , ……………………………

84

reads as qurrabbi,

reads as qullaaaa 'amliku,

reads as naj`allahoo

2- Clear pronunciation (اإلظهار) Al-'idhhaar if it is followed by any letter with the

exception of the two letters Al-Laam ( )الالم or Ar-Raa' (الراء) , such as in

reads as qul man.

reads as yaj`al kaydahum,

Clarification of the rule:

reads as qul man

There is the verb Laam here. Its rule is clear pronunciation because it is placed at the

end of the verb and neither Laam nor Raa' comes after it.

reads as sanulqee

There is the verb Laam here. Its rule is clear pronunciation because it is placed in the middle of the verb.

reads as qurrabbi

There is the verb Laam here . Its rule is insertion because it is placed at the end of the

verb and followed by the letter Ar-Raa'.

85

Assessment

The categories of the non-voweled Al-Laam of the definite article 'al' (ال)

are:

……………………………… , ……………………………

Its letters:

……………………………… , ……………………………

Its rules:

……………………………… , ……………………………

86

Clarify the rule of Al-Laam and its category in the following Qur'anic

words:

………….………………………………….…………………………………………..…

………….…………………………………………….………..……………………..…

………..……………………………………………………..……………………………

………………………………………………………………..……………………..…

……………………………………………………………..………………………..…

………………………………………………………………..……………………..…

……………………………………………………………………..……………………..…

…………………………………………………………….……….………………………..

87

Chapter of Lengthening

Baab Al-Mudood (باب المدود(

Definition of Al-Madd (lengthening):

Linguistically:

Al-Madd means ' increase'.

Idiomatically:

Al-Madd refers to the lengthening of the sound duration with respect to the letters of

lengthening.

Its letters:

The letters of lengthening are three: (واي) reads as (waay) -Waw ( واو ( , 'Alif ( ألف ) ,

Yaa' ( ياء )-, each one of which should be :

Non-voweled (saakin i.e., has no diacritic on it),

and preceded by an appropriate vowel.

They are collected in these words:

aaheehoon as reads , aaneet'oowa as reads

86

Clarify the rule of Al-Laam and its category in the following Qur'anic

words:

………….………………………………….…………………………………………..…

………….…………………………………………….………..……………………..…

………..……………………………………………………..……………………………

………………………………………………………………..……………………..…

……………………………………………………………..………………………..…

………………………………………………………………..……………………..…

……………………………………………………………………..……………………..…

…………………………………………………………….……….………………………..

87

Chapter of Lengthening

Baab Al-Mudood (باب المدود(

Definition of Al-Madd (lengthening):

Linguistically:

Al-Madd means ' increase'.

Idiomatically:

Al-Madd refers to the lengthening of the sound duration with respect to the letters of

lengthening.

Its letters:

The letters of lengthening are three: (واي) reads as (waay) -Waw ( واو ( , 'Alif ( ألف ) ,

Yaa' ( ياء )-, each one of which should be :

Non-voweled (saakin i.e., has no diacritic on it),

and preceded by an appropriate vowel.

They are collected in these words:

aaheehoon as reads , aaneet'oowa as reads

88

Its examples:

reads as khitaamuhu, reads as joo`in,

reads as Al-Ladhee.

Conditions of lengthening letters:

1- The lengthening letter should be non-voweled.

2- The lengthening letter should be preceded by an appropriate vowel symbol:

* A letter with Fathah before Al-'alif,

* A letter with Kasrah before Al-Yaa',

* A letter with Dammah before Al-Waaw.

Lengthening categories:

Lengthening is divided into two types:

1- Original lengthening )املد األصلي( Al-Madd Al-'aslee

(natural الطبيعي At-Tabee`ee).

2- Derived lengthening (املد الفرعي) Al-Madd Al-Far`ee which stems from the original lengthening.

Lengthening symbols in Al-Mushaf:

Long lengthening ( الطويلاملد ) Al-Madd At-Taweel is symbolized above the letter of lengthening by the shape of a bird or sea wave (~), like in

reads as As-Samaaaa'i, چ ڤچ , reads as soooo'a چ پ چ

89

reads as seeeee'at. چ ٻ چ

As for short lengthening ( القصرياملد ) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer, in case the letter of

lengthening is deleted or annexed to the end of the word, it's symbolized by:

A small 'alif having this symbol ( ا ) replacing the normal 'alif, as in

nuaamhRa-Ar as reads

A small Waaw having this symbol ( , ) replacing Al-Waaw, as in

,atundhmaw`i oojaaaaa'ah as reads

. reads as Daawooda

A small Yaa' having this symbol ( ۦ ) replacing Al-Yaa', as in

reads as haadhihee naaqatun

88

Its examples:

reads as khitaamuhu, reads as joo`in,

reads as Al-Ladhee.

Conditions of lengthening letters:

1- The lengthening letter should be non-voweled.

2- The lengthening letter should be preceded by an appropriate vowel symbol:

* A letter with Fathah before Al-'alif,

* A letter with Kasrah before Al-Yaa',

* A letter with Dammah before Al-Waaw.

Lengthening categories:

Lengthening is divided into two types:

1- Original lengthening )املد األصلي( Al-Madd Al-'aslee

(natural الطبيعي At-Tabee`ee).

2- Derived lengthening (املد الفرعي) Al-Madd Al-Far`ee which stems from the original lengthening.

Lengthening symbols in Al-Mushaf:

Long lengthening ( الطويلاملد ) Al-Madd At-Taweel is symbolized above the letter of lengthening by the shape of a bird or sea wave (~), like in

reads as As-Samaaaa'i, چ ڤچ , reads as soooo'a چ پ چ

89

reads as seeeee'at. چ ٻ چ

As for short lengthening ( القصرياملد ) Al-Madd Al-Qasseer, in case the letter of

lengthening is deleted or annexed to the end of the word, it's symbolized by:

A small 'alif having this symbol ( ا ) replacing the normal 'alif, as in

nuaamhRa-Ar as reads

A small Waaw having this symbol ( , ) replacing Al-Waaw, as in

,atundhmaw`i oojaaaaa'ah as reads

. reads as Daawooda

A small Yaa' having this symbol ( ۦ ) replacing Al-Yaa', as in

reads as haadhihee naaqatun

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First Class: Original Lengthening (Natural)

Al-Madd Al-'Aslee (At-Tabee`ee) املد األصلي )الطبيعي(

Its definition:

It occurs when the non-voweled letter of lengthening is preceded by an appropriate

vowel but not followed by Hamzah or Sukoon.

Its examples:

, irataaf as reads ,udh`aooy as reads

reads as ta'teehim.

The required conditions for natural lengthening:

They are three:

1- The lengthening letter should be non-voweled.

2- The lengthening letter should be preceded by an appropriate vowe symbol: A letter

with Fathah before Al-'alif, a letter with Kasrah before Al-Yaa', and a letter with

Dammah before Al-Waaw.

3- The lengthening letter should not be followed by (Hamzah or Sukoon).

The reason for it being called 'natural':

It is called natural )طبيعي( Tabee`ee because a person normally gives it its due timing and does not increase its measure nor decrease it, all without any difficulty.

91

It is also called original )أصلي( 'aslee because it is lengthening without which the letter

can't exist (in terms of timing), and its existence does not depend on a temporary cause

(Hamzah or Sukoon). Besides, it is the origin of lengthening. Its timing:

It is lengthened the timing of two voweled letters or two vowel counts.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as qaala

There is natural lengthening here. The lengthening letter 'alif is non-voweled,

preceded by an appropriate vowel, and not followed by Hamzah or Sukoon. Thus, it is

lengthened two vowel counts. Kinds of lengthening following the natural lengthening rules:

They include all kinds of lengthening that have a timing of two vowel counts:

1- Compensation lengthening مد العوض) ) Madd Al-`iwad.

2- Minor link lengthening ( مد الصلة الصغرى ) Madd As-Silah As-Sughraa.

3- Exchange lengthening ( مد البدل ) Madd Al-Badal.

4- Letter lengthening )املد احلريف) Al-Madd Al-Harfee is collected in the statment ( ـرطـه حي )

(hayyun tahur) which are part of the letters that some chapters(Soorah) of the Noble

Qur'aan start with.

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First Class: Original Lengthening (Natural)

Al-Madd Al-'Aslee (At-Tabee`ee) املد األصلي )الطبيعي(

Its definition:

It occurs when the non-voweled letter of lengthening is preceded by an appropriate

vowel but not followed by Hamzah or Sukoon.

Its examples:

, irataaf as reads ,udh`aooy as reads

reads as ta'teehim.

The required conditions for natural lengthening:

They are three:

1- The lengthening letter should be non-voweled.

2- The lengthening letter should be preceded by an appropriate vowe symbol: A letter

with Fathah before Al-'alif, a letter with Kasrah before Al-Yaa', and a letter with

Dammah before Al-Waaw.

3- The lengthening letter should not be followed by (Hamzah or Sukoon).

The reason for it being called 'natural':

It is called natural )طبيعي( Tabee`ee because a person normally gives it its due timing and does not increase its measure nor decrease it, all without any difficulty.

91

It is also called original )أصلي( 'aslee because it is lengthening without which the letter

can't exist (in terms of timing), and its existence does not depend on a temporary cause

(Hamzah or Sukoon). Besides, it is the origin of lengthening. Its timing:

It is lengthened the timing of two voweled letters or two vowel counts.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as qaala

There is natural lengthening here. The lengthening letter 'alif is non-voweled,

preceded by an appropriate vowel, and not followed by Hamzah or Sukoon. Thus, it is

lengthened two vowel counts. Kinds of lengthening following the natural lengthening rules:

They include all kinds of lengthening that have a timing of two vowel counts:

1- Compensation lengthening مد العوض) ) Madd Al-`iwad.

2- Minor link lengthening ( مد الصلة الصغرى ) Madd As-Silah As-Sughraa.

3- Exchange lengthening ( مد البدل ) Madd Al-Badal.

4- Letter lengthening )املد احلريف) Al-Madd Al-Harfee is collected in the statment ( ـرطـه حي )

(hayyun tahur) which are part of the letters that some chapters(Soorah) of the Noble

Qur'aan start with.

92

Assessment

Complete the following:

Idiomatically lengthening is ………………………………………………………………………….………...……..

The letters of lengthening are

……………………………………………………………………..……….….……….

The categories of lengthening are

………………………………………………………………………………….……….

The following conditions are required for natural lengthening:

1- …………….……………………….

2- …………………………………….

3- …………………………………….

Timing of natural lengthening

…………………………………………………………………………………….……..

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Compensation Lengthening

()مد العوض Madd Al-`iwad

Its definition:

It is compensating a lengthened 'alif for At-Tanween with two Fathah when stopping

at it. This lengthening applies whether there is 'alif written after the letter with Tanween or

not.

Its examples:

aaaa'aa'insh as reads ,aaakeemH as reads

Its rule:

Compensation lengthing is annexed to natural lengthing, meaning that it follows the

natural lengthening rules. Thus, it is lengthened the same as the counts of natural

lengthening.

Its timing:

Its duration is the same as that of natural lengthening, which is the length of two

vowels.

Its required condition:

At-Tanween should not be annexed to the tied Taa' ( )التاء املربوطة At-Taa' Al-

Marbootah (represented in Arabic as (ة) which looks like (ـــة) when linked to the letter

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Assessment

Complete the following:

Idiomatically lengthening is ………………………………………………………………………….………...……..

The letters of lengthening are

……………………………………………………………………..……….….……….

The categories of lengthening are

………………………………………………………………………………….……….

The following conditions are required for natural lengthening:

1- …………….……………………….

2- …………………………………….

3- …………………………………….

Timing of natural lengthening

…………………………………………………………………………………….……..

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Compensation Lengthening

()مد العوض Madd Al-`iwad

Its definition:

It is compensating a lengthened 'alif for At-Tanween with two Fathah when stopping

at it. This lengthening applies whether there is 'alif written after the letter with Tanween or

not.

Its examples:

aaaa'aa'insh as reads ,aaakeemH as reads

Its rule:

Compensation lengthing is annexed to natural lengthing, meaning that it follows the

natural lengthening rules. Thus, it is lengthened the same as the counts of natural

lengthening.

Its timing:

Its duration is the same as that of natural lengthening, which is the length of two

vowels.

Its required condition:

At-Tanween should not be annexed to the tied Taa' ( )التاء املربوطة At-Taa' Al-

Marbootah (represented in Arabic as (ة) which looks like (ـــة) when linked to the letter

94

before it). In this case, there is no lengthening, since this letter always reads as a non-

voweled Haa' هاء ساكنة) ) Haa' Saakinah when stopping at the letter. Like

reads as ni mah

The reason for it being called compensation:

It has been named compensation because the letter of lengthening in it comes from

the compensation of its Tanween with double Fathah when stopping.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as samee`aa

There is compensation lengthening here.The lengthening letter 'alif comes from

compensating At-Tanween with double Fathah while stopping at the letter. It is lengthened

two vowel counts.

Common mistakes:

The common mistakes when pronouncing compensation lengthening are:

1- Adding Hamzah at the end of the lengthened 'alif, as when the reciter says:

aa'eersba amsamee` as reads ( اء )

2- Or giving Al-'alif more than two vowel counts.

3- Or adding a letter Haa' (which has the attribute of همس (aspiration) representing the

running of breath when pronouncing the letter) at the end of the lengthening, like in

aaheersba as reads )اهبصير)

95

Assessment

Complete with the appropriate applied definition in the science of Tajweed:

( ……………………………..…….. )

It occurs when stopping At-Tanween with double Fathah, whether there is 'alif

written after the letter with Tanween or not. In addition, its lengthening is the same as the

counts of natural lengthening which is the length of two vowels.

Underline the words at which we stop by a substitute lengthening:

- - - -

94

before it). In this case, there is no lengthening, since this letter always reads as a non-

voweled Haa' هاء ساكنة) ) Haa' Saakinah when stopping at the letter. Like

reads as ni mah

The reason for it being called compensation:

It has been named compensation because the letter of lengthening in it comes from

the compensation of its Tanween with double Fathah when stopping.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as samee`aa

There is compensation lengthening here.The lengthening letter 'alif comes from

compensating At-Tanween with double Fathah while stopping at the letter. It is lengthened

two vowel counts.

Common mistakes:

The common mistakes when pronouncing compensation lengthening are:

1- Adding Hamzah at the end of the lengthened 'alif, as when the reciter says:

aa'eersba amsamee` as reads ( اء )

2- Or giving Al-'alif more than two vowel counts.

3- Or adding a letter Haa' (which has the attribute of همس (aspiration) representing the

running of breath when pronouncing the letter) at the end of the lengthening, like in

aaheersba as reads )اهبصير)

95

Assessment

Complete with the appropriate applied definition in the science of Tajweed:

( ……………………………..…….. )

It occurs when stopping At-Tanween with double Fathah, whether there is 'alif

written after the letter with Tanween or not. In addition, its lengthening is the same as the

counts of natural lengthening which is the length of two vowels.

Underline the words at which we stop by a substitute lengthening:

- - - -

96

Second Class: Derived Lengthening

المد الفرعي() Al-Madd Al-Far`ee

Its definition:

It is a lengthening that has a longer timing than that of natural lengthening

due to a temporary cause. The lengthening letter is (Al-Madd-At-Tabee`ee املد الطبيعي)

necessarily followed by Hamzah or Sukoon.

Its cause:

It is caused by the conjunction of Hamzah or Sukoon with the letter of lengthening.

Its categories:

1- Derived lengthening due to Al-Hamzah is divided into two categories:

a- The letter of lengthening and Al-

Hamzah coming in one word

b- The letter of lengthening and

Al-Hamzah coming in two words

* Connected obligatory lengthening

Madd Waajib Muttasil )مد واجب متصل (

, Al-Hamzah follows lengthening

letter.

* Separated allowed lengthening

Madd Jaa'iz )مد جائز منفصل(

Munfasil , which in turn is

annexed to it.

* Exchange lengthening (مد البدل(

Madd Al-Badal, Al-Hamzah precedes

the lengthening letter, which is an

opposite to the previous kind.

* Major link lengthening

Madd As-Silah )مد الصلة الكربى(

Al-Kubraa .

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2- Derived lengthening due to As-Sukoon is divided into two categories:

a- Lengthening caused by a temporary

sukoon

b- Lengthening caused by an

original Sukoon

* Lengthening due to a temporary

Sukoon

Al-Madd Al-`aarid )املد العارض للسكون(

Lis-Sukoon.

* Compulsory lengthening

الالزم( )املد

Al-Madd Al-Laazim.

* Soft lengthening )مد اللني (

Madd Al-Leen

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Second Class: Derived Lengthening

المد الفرعي() Al-Madd Al-Far`ee

Its definition:

It is a lengthening that has a longer timing than that of natural lengthening

due to a temporary cause. The lengthening letter is (Al-Madd-At-Tabee`ee املد الطبيعي)

necessarily followed by Hamzah or Sukoon.

Its cause:

It is caused by the conjunction of Hamzah or Sukoon with the letter of lengthening.

Its categories:

1- Derived lengthening due to Al-Hamzah is divided into two categories:

a- The letter of lengthening and Al-

Hamzah coming in one word

b- The letter of lengthening and

Al-Hamzah coming in two words

* Connected obligatory lengthening

Madd Waajib Muttasil )مد واجب متصل (

, Al-Hamzah follows lengthening

letter.

* Separated allowed lengthening

Madd Jaa'iz )مد جائز منفصل(

Munfasil , which in turn is

annexed to it.

* Exchange lengthening (مد البدل(

Madd Al-Badal, Al-Hamzah precedes

the lengthening letter, which is an

opposite to the previous kind.

* Major link lengthening

Madd As-Silah )مد الصلة الكربى(

Al-Kubraa .

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2- Derived lengthening due to As-Sukoon is divided into two categories:

a- Lengthening caused by a temporary

sukoon

b- Lengthening caused by an

original Sukoon

* Lengthening due to a temporary

Sukoon

Al-Madd Al-`aarid )املد العارض للسكون(

Lis-Sukoon.

* Compulsory lengthening

الالزم( )املد

Al-Madd Al-Laazim.

* Soft lengthening )مد اللني (

Madd Al-Leen

98

Assessment

Answer the following:

Define derived lengthening (املد الفرعي): …………………………………………….

Match the phrases in column A with its cause in column B:

(A) (B)

Connected obligatory lengthening

Soft lengthening

Lengthening due to a temporary Sukoon Lengthening due to Al-Hamzah

Compensation lengthening

Separated allowed lengthening Lengthening due to As-Sukoon

Compulsory lengthening

Major link lengthening

Exchange lengthening

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A- Al-Madd due to Al-Hamzah

1-Connected Lengthening

Al-Madd Al-Muttasil )املد املتصل(

Its definition:

It occurs when Al-Hamzah follows an original lengthening letter in one word.

Its examples:

reads as 'ulaaaaa'ik ,

reads as As-Samaaaaa' ,

reads as As-Soooooo' , reads as lyasoooo'oo ,

reads as wajeeeee'a . reads as seeee'at ,

Its rule:

The rule of connected lengthening is obligation ( )الوجوب Al-Wujoob .

Its timing:

It is lengthened four or five vowel counts.

It is also allowed to make a lengthening of six counts in case Al-Hamzah is the last

letter of the word, and the reciter stops at it.

98

Assessment

Answer the following:

Define derived lengthening (املد الفرعي): …………………………………………….

Match the phrases in column A with its cause in column B:

(A) (B)

Connected obligatory lengthening

Soft lengthening

Lengthening due to a temporary Sukoon Lengthening due to Al-Hamzah

Compensation lengthening

Separated allowed lengthening Lengthening due to As-Sukoon

Compulsory lengthening

Major link lengthening

Exchange lengthening

99

A- Al-Madd due to Al-Hamzah

1-Connected Lengthening

Al-Madd Al-Muttasil )املد املتصل(

Its definition:

It occurs when Al-Hamzah follows an original lengthening letter in one word.

Its examples:

reads as 'ulaaaaa'ik ,

reads as As-Samaaaaa' ,

reads as As-Soooooo' , reads as lyasoooo'oo ,

reads as wajeeeee'a . reads as seeee'at ,

Its rule:

The rule of connected lengthening is obligation ( )الوجوب Al-Wujoob .

Its timing:

It is lengthened four or five vowel counts.

It is also allowed to make a lengthening of six counts in case Al-Hamzah is the last

letter of the word, and the reciter stops at it.

100

Its naming:

It is named connected obligatory lengthening )املد الواجب املتصل( Al-Madd Al-Waajib

Al-Muttasil.

The reason for this naming:

It is called obligatory )واجب( Waajib because all scholars agree that this lengthening is

required and has to be lengthened more than the natural lengthening. In addition, it is called

connected )متصل( Muttasil due to the connection of the lengthening letter to Al-Hamzah in

the same word.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as As-Samaaaaaa'

Connected obligatory lengthening applies here. The letter of lengthening 'alif is

followed by Hamzah in the same word. Thus, it is lengthened obligatorily (4,5) vowel

counts with the possibility of (6) vowel counts in case of stopping at the word because Al-

Hamzah is the last letter.

101

Assessment

Complete with the appropriate definition: ( …………………………………………………….. )

It occurs when Al-Hamzah follows an original lengthening letter in one word, and it

is obligatory to lengthen it four or five vowel counts, and also six counts in the case of

stopping .

Write the name of lengthening in the following examples and clarify it:

………………………………………………………………….……..

…………………………………………….………………..…….……..

………………………………………………………….………….……..

100

Its naming:

It is named connected obligatory lengthening )املد الواجب املتصل( Al-Madd Al-Waajib

Al-Muttasil.

The reason for this naming:

It is called obligatory )واجب( Waajib because all scholars agree that this lengthening is

required and has to be lengthened more than the natural lengthening. In addition, it is called

connected )متصل( Muttasil due to the connection of the lengthening letter to Al-Hamzah in

the same word.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as As-Samaaaaaa'

Connected obligatory lengthening applies here. The letter of lengthening 'alif is

followed by Hamzah in the same word. Thus, it is lengthened obligatorily (4,5) vowel

counts with the possibility of (6) vowel counts in case of stopping at the word because Al-

Hamzah is the last letter.

101

Assessment

Complete with the appropriate definition: ( …………………………………………………….. )

It occurs when Al-Hamzah follows an original lengthening letter in one word, and it

is obligatory to lengthen it four or five vowel counts, and also six counts in the case of

stopping .

Write the name of lengthening in the following examples and clarify it:

………………………………………………………………….……..

…………………………………………….………………..…….……..

………………………………………………………….………….……..

102

2-Separated Lengthening

Al-Madd Al-Munfasil (املد املنفصل(

Its definition:

It occurs when the lengthening letter is the last letter of the first word and is followed

by Hamzah at the start of the second word.

Its examples:

reads as qoooo 'anfusakum,

reads as maaaaa 'unzila,

reads as wa feeee 'anfusikum .

Its rule:

The rule applied to separated lengthening is allowability )اجلواز( Al-Jawaaz.

Its timing:

It is lengthened four or five vowel counts.

It is also allowed to shorten it by making it only two vowel counts under certain

conditions.

103

Its naming:

It is named separated allowed lengthening ( املد اجلائز)املنفصل Al-Madd Al-Jaa'iz Al-

Munfasil .

The reason for this naming:

It is called allowed )جائز( Jaa'iz because of the permissibility of a short count like

natural lengthening or its lengthening more than two counts. In addition, it is called

separated )منفصل( Munfasil due to the separation of the lengthening letter and Al-Hamzah,

meaning they are in two separate words, but next to each other. (Actually,the lengthening

letter is the last letter in the first word and Al-Hamzah is the first letter in the second word).

Note:

Should the separated lengthening come in the form of connected lengthening, as in

Yaa ( يا ) used for calling someone and Haa )ها( for drawing someone's attention, their

lengthening letter is written together with the word following them. In this case, it has then

the same rule as separated lengthening, like in the following examples:

reads as yaaaa'ayyuhaa,

reads as yaaaaa'abati,

reads as yaaaa'ibraaheemu,

reads as haaaaa'ulaaaaa'i.

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2-Separated Lengthening

Al-Madd Al-Munfasil (املد املنفصل(

Its definition:

It occurs when the lengthening letter is the last letter of the first word and is followed

by Hamzah at the start of the second word.

Its examples:

reads as qoooo 'anfusakum,

reads as maaaaa 'unzila,

reads as wa feeee 'anfusikum .

Its rule:

The rule applied to separated lengthening is allowability )اجلواز( Al-Jawaaz.

Its timing:

It is lengthened four or five vowel counts.

It is also allowed to shorten it by making it only two vowel counts under certain

conditions.

103

Its naming:

It is named separated allowed lengthening ( املد اجلائز)املنفصل Al-Madd Al-Jaa'iz Al-

Munfasil .

The reason for this naming:

It is called allowed )جائز( Jaa'iz because of the permissibility of a short count like

natural lengthening or its lengthening more than two counts. In addition, it is called

separated )منفصل( Munfasil due to the separation of the lengthening letter and Al-Hamzah,

meaning they are in two separate words, but next to each other. (Actually,the lengthening

letter is the last letter in the first word and Al-Hamzah is the first letter in the second word).

Note:

Should the separated lengthening come in the form of connected lengthening, as in

Yaa ( يا ) used for calling someone and Haa )ها( for drawing someone's attention, their

lengthening letter is written together with the word following them. In this case, it has then

the same rule as separated lengthening, like in the following examples:

reads as yaaaa'ayyuhaa,

reads as yaaaaa'abati,

reads as yaaaa'ibraaheemu,

reads as haaaaa'ulaaaaa'i.

104

The rule of all these words is separated allowed lengthening by rule

.Madd Jaa'iz Munfasil Hukman (مد جائز منفصل حكما(

Clarification of the rule:

reads as qoooo 'anfusakum

Separated allowed lengthening applies here. The letter of lengthening (Al-Waaw) is

at the end of the first word and it is followed immediately by Hamzah in the start of the

second word.

Hence, it is permissible to lengthen it (4-5) vowel counts and (2) counts under certain conditions.

reads as yaaaa'ayyuhaa

This lengthening follows the separated allowed lengthening in its ruling because

originally it consists of two words: Yaa (يا) and 'aiyuhaa (أيها). Nevertheless, they come

connected in one single word according to AL-Mushaf script.

Thus, it is permissible to lengthen it (4-5) vowel counts and (2) counts under certain conditions.

Its ruling in case we stop at the first word:

When stopping at the first word, the separated lengthening is cancelled, since its

cause is no longer there. Nevertheless, it remains as a natural lengthening with two vowel

counts.

On the other hand, if the separated allowed lengthening is connected in writing, it is

not allowed to stop at the first part since it is joined in writing, such as in

105

reads as yaaaa'ayyuhaa,

reads as haaaa'ulaaaaa',

reads as yaaaa'aadam.

Comparison Between Separated Lengthening and Connected Lengthening

Connected Lengthening Separated Lengthening

Definition

It occurs when Al-Hamzah

follows the lengthening letter

in one word, either in its

middle or at its end.

It occurs when lengthening letter is

the last letter of the word and is

followed by Hamzah at the start of

the second word.

It is obligatory in both cases,

whether we stop or not.

While continuing recitation:

It is allowed.-

When stopping:

It is naturally lengthened.-

Rule

It is lengthened four or five vowel

counts whether we stop or not,

and six counts when Al-Hamzah

is the last letter of the word, and

we stop at it.

While continuing recitation:

Four or five vowel counts and two

counts with conditions.

Timing

(duration)

reads as As-Smaaaaa' reads as Wamaaaa 'anta One

example

Derived lengthening due to

Al-Hamzah

Derived lengthening due to

Al-Hamzah It is part of

104

The rule of all these words is separated allowed lengthening by rule

.Madd Jaa'iz Munfasil Hukman (مد جائز منفصل حكما(

Clarification of the rule:

reads as qoooo 'anfusakum

Separated allowed lengthening applies here. The letter of lengthening (Al-Waaw) is

at the end of the first word and it is followed immediately by Hamzah in the start of the

second word.

Hence, it is permissible to lengthen it (4-5) vowel counts and (2) counts under certain conditions.

reads as yaaaa'ayyuhaa

This lengthening follows the separated allowed lengthening in its ruling because

originally it consists of two words: Yaa (يا) and 'aiyuhaa (أيها). Nevertheless, they come

connected in one single word according to AL-Mushaf script.

Thus, it is permissible to lengthen it (4-5) vowel counts and (2) counts under certain conditions.

Its ruling in case we stop at the first word:

When stopping at the first word, the separated lengthening is cancelled, since its

cause is no longer there. Nevertheless, it remains as a natural lengthening with two vowel

counts.

On the other hand, if the separated allowed lengthening is connected in writing, it is

not allowed to stop at the first part since it is joined in writing, such as in

105

reads as yaaaa'ayyuhaa,

reads as haaaa'ulaaaaa',

reads as yaaaa'aadam.

Comparison Between Separated Lengthening and Connected Lengthening

Connected Lengthening Separated Lengthening

Definition

It occurs when Al-Hamzah

follows the lengthening letter

in one word, either in its

middle or at its end.

It occurs when lengthening letter is

the last letter of the word and is

followed by Hamzah at the start of

the second word.

It is obligatory in both cases,

whether we stop or not.

While continuing recitation:

It is allowed.-

When stopping:

It is naturally lengthened.-

Rule

It is lengthened four or five vowel

counts whether we stop or not,

and six counts when Al-Hamzah

is the last letter of the word, and

we stop at it.

While continuing recitation:

Four or five vowel counts and two

counts with conditions.

Timing

(duration)

reads as As-Smaaaaa' reads as Wamaaaa 'anta One

example

Derived lengthening due to

Al-Hamzah

Derived lengthening due to

Al-Hamzah It is part of

106

Assessment

Join each expression with what fits it:

It is allowed.

Connected

lengthening

It is lengthened four or five vowel counts; six ones if we

stop at Al-Hamzah when it is the last letter of the word.

" "

It occurs when the original lengthening letter is the last

letter of the first word and it is followed by Hamzah in the

starting of the second word.

It is lengthened four or five vowel counts and two counts

with conditions.

It occurs when Al-Hamzah follows the original lengthening

letter within the same word. Separated

Lengthening It is obligatory.

" "

107

3-Link Lengthening

Madd Als-Silah )مد الصلة(

Its definition:

It is the result of lengthening the vowel in the letter Haa' of the third person singular

masculine pronoun (this means that Ad-Dammah, if there is one on Al-Haa', becomes

lengthened into a long Waaw or Al-Kasrah becomes lengthened like a long Yaa').

This concerns only Al-Haa' that is not part of the original set up of the word,

presenting the third person singular masculine pronoun. It is voweled either with Dammah

or Kasrah if it comes between two voweled letters (Mutaharrikayn), and in case of non

stopping.

Its examples:

reads as lahoo maa fissamaawaati,

reads as `ilmiheeee 'illaa,

atun.dhmaw`i hoojaaaa'a as reads

Its prerequisitess:

1- Al-Haa' involved in this lengthening should be the pronoun of the third person singular

masculine pronoun.

106

Assessment

Join each expression with what fits it:

It is allowed.

Connected

lengthening

It is lengthened four or five vowel counts; six ones if we

stop at Al-Hamzah when it is the last letter of the word.

" "

It occurs when the original lengthening letter is the last

letter of the first word and it is followed by Hamzah in the

starting of the second word.

It is lengthened four or five vowel counts and two counts

with conditions.

It occurs when Al-Hamzah follows the original lengthening

letter within the same word. Separated

Lengthening It is obligatory.

" "

107

3-Link Lengthening

Madd Als-Silah )مد الصلة(

Its definition:

It is the result of lengthening the vowel in the letter Haa' of the third person singular

masculine pronoun (this means that Ad-Dammah, if there is one on Al-Haa', becomes

lengthened into a long Waaw or Al-Kasrah becomes lengthened like a long Yaa').

This concerns only Al-Haa' that is not part of the original set up of the word,

presenting the third person singular masculine pronoun. It is voweled either with Dammah

or Kasrah if it comes between two voweled letters (Mutaharrikayn), and in case of non

stopping.

Its examples:

reads as lahoo maa fissamaawaati,

reads as `ilmiheeee 'illaa,

atun.dhmaw`i hoojaaaa'a as reads

Its prerequisitess:

1- Al-Haa' involved in this lengthening should be the pronoun of the third person singular

masculine pronoun.

108

There is an exception concerning the pronoun Haa' )هاء( of the feminine noun

Haadhihi (هذه), which means 'this' and refers to the feminine only.

2- Al-Haa' should be voweled either with Dammah or Kasrah.

3- It should be positioned between two voweled letters.

4- The reciter should not stop at it.

Its categories:

1- Major link legthening (مد الصلة الكربى) Madd As-Silah Al-Kubraa.

2- Minor link legthening (مد الصلة الصغرى) Madd As-Silah As-Sughraa.

1- Major link lengthening (مد الصلة الكربى) Madd As-Silah

Al-Kubraa:

Its definition:

It is lengthening resulting from the lengthening of Al-Haa' letter referring to the third

person singuler masculine pronoun. This Haa' is voweled and positioned between two

voweled letters, with the condition that Al-Hamzah letter comes after it. In this case, it

appears in the form of a separated allowed lengthening while continuing recitation.

Its examples:

,adun hhoooo 'awathaaqa as reads

reads as haadhiheeeee 'an`aamun,

109

reads as `ilmiheeee 'illaa.

Its rule: Allowability, and has the same rule as separated lengthening.

Its timing:

Major link lengthening follows allowed separated lengthening in: (4-5) vowel counts

and (2) counts with conditions.

Clarification of the rule:

adunhhoooo 'awathaaqa as reads There is major link lengthening here. The voweled pronoun Al-Haa' is located

between two voweled letters, and Al-Hamzah comes after it.

It is allowed and the lengthening follows separated lengthening in its rule.

Consequently, it is lengthened (4-5) vowel counts and (2) vowel counts with conditions.

2- Minor link lengthening (مد الصلة الصغرى) Madd As-Silah As-Sughraa: Its definition:

It is lengthening resulting from the lengthening of Al-Haa' letter referring to the third

person singular masculine pronoun. It is voweled and positioned between two voweled

letters but no Hamzat Qat`(ء) comes after it.

In this case, it appears in the form of natural lengthening while continuing recitation.

108

There is an exception concerning the pronoun Haa' )هاء( of the feminine noun

Haadhihi (هذه), which means 'this' and refers to the feminine only.

2- Al-Haa' should be voweled either with Dammah or Kasrah.

3- It should be positioned between two voweled letters.

4- The reciter should not stop at it.

Its categories:

1- Major link legthening (مد الصلة الكربى) Madd As-Silah Al-Kubraa.

2- Minor link legthening (مد الصلة الصغرى) Madd As-Silah As-Sughraa.

1- Major link lengthening (مد الصلة الكربى) Madd As-Silah

Al-Kubraa:

Its definition:

It is lengthening resulting from the lengthening of Al-Haa' letter referring to the third

person singuler masculine pronoun. This Haa' is voweled and positioned between two

voweled letters, with the condition that Al-Hamzah letter comes after it. In this case, it

appears in the form of a separated allowed lengthening while continuing recitation.

Its examples:

,adun hhoooo 'awathaaqa as reads

reads as haadhiheeeee 'an`aamun,

109

reads as `ilmiheeee 'illaa.

Its rule: Allowability, and has the same rule as separated lengthening.

Its timing:

Major link lengthening follows allowed separated lengthening in: (4-5) vowel counts

and (2) counts with conditions.

Clarification of the rule:

adunhhoooo 'awathaaqa as reads There is major link lengthening here. The voweled pronoun Al-Haa' is located

between two voweled letters, and Al-Hamzah comes after it.

It is allowed and the lengthening follows separated lengthening in its rule.

Consequently, it is lengthened (4-5) vowel counts and (2) vowel counts with conditions.

2- Minor link lengthening (مد الصلة الصغرى) Madd As-Silah As-Sughraa: Its definition:

It is lengthening resulting from the lengthening of Al-Haa' letter referring to the third

person singular masculine pronoun. It is voweled and positioned between two voweled

letters but no Hamzat Qat`(ء) comes after it.

In this case, it appears in the form of natural lengthening while continuing recitation.

110

Its examples:

reads as lirabbihee lakanood,

reads as haadhihee naaqatun ,

reads as wa'innahoo laqasamun ,

reads as 'innahoo kaana bi`ibaadihee khabeeraa.

Its rule: Minor link legthening follows natural lengthening in case the reciter continues recitation.

Its timing: Minor link legthening is lengthened two vowel counts exactly as the natural one is. Clarification of the rule:

reads as lirabbihee lakanood

There is minor link lengthening here. The voweled pronoun Al-Haa' is located

between two voweled letters, and no Hamzah comes after it.

Its rule: It follows natural lengthening in being lengthened two vowel counts.

Exceptions to the link lengthening:

The exceptions come according to the availability or lack of the conditions of the link

lengthening. These exceptions are as follows:

111

1- There is link lengthening even though the conditions are missing:

reads as wa yakhlud feehee muhaanaa Soorat Al-Furqan [The Criterion] no.25 Aayah:96))

In this verse, there is link lengthening even though the conditions are missing.

Indeed, the letter preceding Al-Haa' is non-voweled. There is no reason for this exception,

but this is the way this verse should be read according to what was transmitted from our

pious predecessors by numerous reciters (At-Tawaatur), done in order to follow the

recitation of the Prophet, Salla Allahu `alaihi wa Sallam.

reads as haadhihee 'an`aamun (Soorat Al-'an`aam [The Cattle] no.6 Aayah:138)

Link lengthening is here (which is an exception) since the letter Al-Haa' here is a

pronoun referring to the feminine gender and not the masculine one. 2- There is no link lengthening even though the conditions are met:

kum al huadyar as reads (Soorat Az-Zumar [The Troops] no.39 Aayah:7)

Here, there is no link lengthening even though all conditions are met. Thus, it should

be read with no lengthening, in accordance with the recitation of the Prophet,( salla

Allahu alaihi wa sallam). This is the way as transmitted to us by numerous reciters (At-

Tawaatur), both verbally and in writing.

110

Its examples:

reads as lirabbihee lakanood,

reads as haadhihee naaqatun ,

reads as wa'innahoo laqasamun ,

reads as 'innahoo kaana bi`ibaadihee khabeeraa.

Its rule: Minor link legthening follows natural lengthening in case the reciter continues recitation.

Its timing: Minor link legthening is lengthened two vowel counts exactly as the natural one is. Clarification of the rule:

reads as lirabbihee lakanood

There is minor link lengthening here. The voweled pronoun Al-Haa' is located

between two voweled letters, and no Hamzah comes after it.

Its rule: It follows natural lengthening in being lengthened two vowel counts.

Exceptions to the link lengthening:

The exceptions come according to the availability or lack of the conditions of the link

lengthening. These exceptions are as follows:

111

1- There is link lengthening even though the conditions are missing:

reads as wa yakhlud feehee muhaanaa Soorat Al-Furqan [The Criterion] no.25 Aayah:96))

In this verse, there is link lengthening even though the conditions are missing.

Indeed, the letter preceding Al-Haa' is non-voweled. There is no reason for this exception,

but this is the way this verse should be read according to what was transmitted from our

pious predecessors by numerous reciters (At-Tawaatur), done in order to follow the

recitation of the Prophet, Salla Allahu `alaihi wa Sallam.

reads as haadhihee 'an`aamun (Soorat Al-'an`aam [The Cattle] no.6 Aayah:138)

Link lengthening is here (which is an exception) since the letter Al-Haa' here is a

pronoun referring to the feminine gender and not the masculine one. 2- There is no link lengthening even though the conditions are met:

kum al huadyar as reads (Soorat Az-Zumar [The Troops] no.39 Aayah:7)

Here, there is no link lengthening even though all conditions are met. Thus, it should

be read with no lengthening, in accordance with the recitation of the Prophet,( salla

Allahu alaihi wa sallam). This is the way as transmitted to us by numerous reciters (At-

Tawaatur), both verbally and in writing.

112

The rule of some words in which there is the letter Haa' of connection, yet

link lengthening is not applied:

reads as fa'alqih 'ilayhim,

reads as 'arjih wa'akhaahu,

reads as wayattaqhi.

reads as fa'alqih 'ilayhim (Soorat An-Naml [Ants] no.27 Aayah:28)

There is no link lengthening here because Al-Haa' is non-voweled as transmitted to

us by numerous reciters (At-Tawaatur).

reads as 'arjih wa'akhaah (Soorat Al-A`raaf [The Heights] no.7 Aayah:111) and (Soorat Ash-Shu`araa' [Poets] no.26 Aayah:36)

Similarly, there is no link lengthening here because Al-Haa' is non-voweled as

transmitted to us by numerous reciters (At-Tawaatur).

read as wayattaqhi (Soorat An-Noor [The Light] no.24 Aayah:52)

There is no lengthening (whether we stop at it or not) because Al-Haa' is preceded by

a non-voweled letter. Rule of link lengthening in case we stop at it:

In this case, there won't be any lengthening since Al-Haa' letter becomes non-

voweled when stopping at it.

113

Assessment

Complete the following: The conditions of link lengthening are:

1- …………………………..…

2- ……………………………..

3- ……………………………..

Link lengthening is minor if …………………………………………..………...

Link lengthening is major if ………………………………………………...…..

Clarify the rule of the following:

..................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

112

The rule of some words in which there is the letter Haa' of connection, yet

link lengthening is not applied:

reads as fa'alqih 'ilayhim,

reads as 'arjih wa'akhaahu,

reads as wayattaqhi.

reads as fa'alqih 'ilayhim (Soorat An-Naml [Ants] no.27 Aayah:28)

There is no link lengthening here because Al-Haa' is non-voweled as transmitted to

us by numerous reciters (At-Tawaatur).

reads as 'arjih wa'akhaah (Soorat Al-A`raaf [The Heights] no.7 Aayah:111) and (Soorat Ash-Shu`araa' [Poets] no.26 Aayah:36)

Similarly, there is no link lengthening here because Al-Haa' is non-voweled as

transmitted to us by numerous reciters (At-Tawaatur).

read as wayattaqhi (Soorat An-Noor [The Light] no.24 Aayah:52)

There is no lengthening (whether we stop at it or not) because Al-Haa' is preceded by

a non-voweled letter. Rule of link lengthening in case we stop at it:

In this case, there won't be any lengthening since Al-Haa' letter becomes non-

voweled when stopping at it.

113

Assessment

Complete the following: The conditions of link lengthening are:

1- …………………………..…

2- ……………………………..

3- ……………………………..

Link lengthening is minor if …………………………………………..………...

Link lengthening is major if ………………………………………………...…..

Clarify the rule of the following:

..................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

114

4-Exchange Lengthening

)مد البدل( Madd Al-Badal

Its definition:

It is every lengthened Hamzah. In other words, it represents every Hamzah followed

by a letter of lengthening ('alif ,Waaw or Yaa'). Its examples:

reads as 'aadam ,

reads as 'ootoo ,

reads as 'eemaanaa ,

reads as wal-'aakhirah.

Its requirements:

Al-Hamzah should precede the letter of lengthening.

Its rule:

Exchange lengthening follows the natural one in vowel counts. Its timing:

Exchange lengthening is lengthened two vowel counts.

115

The reason for its naming:

It is called exchange )بدل( Badal because the letter of lengthening exchanges an

original non-voweled Hamzah. In addition, the letter of lengthening is itself preceded by a

voweled Hamzah. Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'aadama

There is exchange lengthening here because the letter of lengthening exchanges an

original non-voweled Hamzah, the letter of lengthening is itself preceded by a voweled

Hamzah. It is lengthened the same as natural lengthening which is two vowel counts.

Semi-Exchange Lengthening:

There is another exchange lengthening called semi-exchange )شبيه البدل) Shabeeh Al-Badal , and it follows the exchange lengthening in its rule. Definition of semi-exchange lengthening:

It is lengthening that occurs after a voweled Hamzah, but the lengthening letter is

original. That is to say the letter of lengthening doesn't exchange an original non-voweled

Hamzah. Moreover, it comes either in the middle or end of a word. Its examples:

, n'aaamhD-dhA sa reads

reads as wabaaaaa'oo,

reads as Al-Qur'aan ,

114

4-Exchange Lengthening

)مد البدل( Madd Al-Badal

Its definition:

It is every lengthened Hamzah. In other words, it represents every Hamzah followed

by a letter of lengthening ('alif ,Waaw or Yaa'). Its examples:

reads as 'aadam ,

reads as 'ootoo ,

reads as 'eemaanaa ,

reads as wal-'aakhirah.

Its requirements:

Al-Hamzah should precede the letter of lengthening.

Its rule:

Exchange lengthening follows the natural one in vowel counts. Its timing:

Exchange lengthening is lengthened two vowel counts.

115

The reason for its naming:

It is called exchange )بدل( Badal because the letter of lengthening exchanges an

original non-voweled Hamzah. In addition, the letter of lengthening is itself preceded by a

voweled Hamzah. Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'aadama

There is exchange lengthening here because the letter of lengthening exchanges an

original non-voweled Hamzah, the letter of lengthening is itself preceded by a voweled

Hamzah. It is lengthened the same as natural lengthening which is two vowel counts.

Semi-Exchange Lengthening:

There is another exchange lengthening called semi-exchange )شبيه البدل) Shabeeh Al-Badal , and it follows the exchange lengthening in its rule. Definition of semi-exchange lengthening:

It is lengthening that occurs after a voweled Hamzah, but the lengthening letter is

original. That is to say the letter of lengthening doesn't exchange an original non-voweled

Hamzah. Moreover, it comes either in the middle or end of a word. Its examples:

, n'aaamhD-dhA sa reads

reads as wabaaaaa'oo,

reads as Al-Qur'aan ,

116

reads as ra'oofun.

Comparison Between Exchange

and Semi-exchange Lengthening

Semi-exchange Lengthening Exchange Lengthening

The letter of lengthening is

original. It doesn't exchange an

original non-voweled Hamzah.

The letter of lengthening

exchanges an original non-

voweled Hamzah.

Its letter

It occurs either in the middle or

end of the word.

It comes at the beginning of the

word.

Its

position

in the

word

reads as

,n'aaamhD-dhA

reads as wabaaaa'oo,

reads as Al-Qur'aan,

reads as ra'oofun.

reads as 'aadama,

reads as 'ootoo,

reads as 'eemaanaa.

Its

example

It follows the natural lengthening

rule.

It follows the natural

lengthening rule. Its rule

Two vowel counts Two vowel counts Its

duration

117

Assessment

Complete the following:

The lengthening letter in exchange lengthening comes at………..………. of the word.

The lengthening letter in semi-exchange lengthening comes in ……... or .....…. of the word.

Match the following with the suitable lengthening:

Exchange lengthening

Semi-exchange lengthening

116

reads as ra'oofun.

Comparison Between Exchange

and Semi-exchange Lengthening

Semi-exchange Lengthening Exchange Lengthening

The letter of lengthening is

original. It doesn't exchange an

original non-voweled Hamzah.

The letter of lengthening

exchanges an original non-

voweled Hamzah.

Its letter

It occurs either in the middle or

end of the word.

It comes at the beginning of the

word.

Its

position

in the

word

reads as

,n'aaamhD-dhA

reads as wabaaaa'oo,

reads as Al-Qur'aan,

reads as ra'oofun.

reads as 'aadama,

reads as 'ootoo,

reads as 'eemaanaa.

Its

example

It follows the natural lengthening

rule.

It follows the natural

lengthening rule. Its rule

Two vowel counts Two vowel counts Its

duration

117

Assessment

Complete the following:

The lengthening letter in exchange lengthening comes at………..………. of the word.

The lengthening letter in semi-exchange lengthening comes in ……... or .....…. of the word.

Match the following with the suitable lengthening:

Exchange lengthening

Semi-exchange lengthening

118

B- Lengthening Due to As-Sukoon

1- Lengthening Due to a Temporary Sukoon

Al-Madd Al-`aarid lis-Sukoon )املد العارض للسكون(

Its definition:

It's every original lengthening followed by a temporary Sukoon. This lengthening

occurs when there is only one letter after the lengthening letter, and we stop at the last letter

with a temporary Sukoon.

Its examples:

reads as ath-Thawaab,

reads as raaji`oon ,

reads as Al-`aalameen .

Its rule:

Its rule is allowability ()اجلواز Al-Jawaaz.

Its timing:

It is allowed to lengthen this lengthening two, four, or six vowel counts when stopping at it.

However, when not stopping at it, the last letter is voweled and the lengthening letter

is lengthened two vowel counts, which is the normal measure for the natural one.

119

The reason for its naming:

This lengthening is called lengthening due to a temporary Sukoon because the

temporary Sukoon which follows the lengthening letter is not original; rather, it is

temporarily attributed to the last letter because we stopped at it.

Clarification of the rule:

rooooooudS-sA as reads There is lengthening due to a temporary Sukoon. Lengthening letter comes before the

last letter which has a temporary Sukoon due to stopping at it. It is lengthened (2 – 4 – 6)

vowel counts when stopping at it. However, in case we don't stop at it, it has natural

lengthening that is two vowel counts.

118

B- Lengthening Due to As-Sukoon

1- Lengthening Due to a Temporary Sukoon

Al-Madd Al-`aarid lis-Sukoon )املد العارض للسكون(

Its definition:

It's every original lengthening followed by a temporary Sukoon. This lengthening

occurs when there is only one letter after the lengthening letter, and we stop at the last letter

with a temporary Sukoon.

Its examples:

reads as ath-Thawaab,

reads as raaji`oon ,

reads as Al-`aalameen .

Its rule:

Its rule is allowability ()اجلواز Al-Jawaaz.

Its timing:

It is allowed to lengthen this lengthening two, four, or six vowel counts when stopping at it.

However, when not stopping at it, the last letter is voweled and the lengthening letter

is lengthened two vowel counts, which is the normal measure for the natural one.

119

The reason for its naming:

This lengthening is called lengthening due to a temporary Sukoon because the

temporary Sukoon which follows the lengthening letter is not original; rather, it is

temporarily attributed to the last letter because we stopped at it.

Clarification of the rule:

rooooooudS-sA as reads There is lengthening due to a temporary Sukoon. Lengthening letter comes before the

last letter which has a temporary Sukoon due to stopping at it. It is lengthened (2 – 4 – 6)

vowel counts when stopping at it. However, in case we don't stop at it, it has natural

lengthening that is two vowel counts.

120

Assessment

Fill in the blanks:

It is called lengthening due to a temporary Sukoon

because..................................................................

Its rule: …………………………………………..

Its timing: …………………………….………….

Its example: ………………………….…………..

Choose the appropriate rule for the following words:

للسكون مد عارض Lengthening caused by a temporary

Sukoon

مد الصلة

Link lengthening

121

2-Soft Lengthening

Madd Al-Leen )مد اللني(

Its definition:

It occurs when a soft 'Leen' letter (Yaa')ياء(, or Waaw ()واو with Sukoon, preceded by a

letter with Fathah) is followed by only one letter in the same word, and we stop at the word

with a temporary Sukoon.

Its examples:

reads as khawf,

reads as bayt.

Its letters:

The two letters of softness are: Al-Waaw and Al-Yaa' when they are non-voweled

(have Sukoon symbol on them) and are preceded by Fathah. These letters are not

lengthened unless followed by a temporary Sukoon, as well as directly preceding the last

letter.

Its rule:

The rule of soft lengthening when stopping is allowability )اجلواز) Al-Jawaaz.

120

Assessment

Fill in the blanks:

It is called lengthening due to a temporary Sukoon

because..................................................................

Its rule: …………………………………………..

Its timing: …………………………….………….

Its example: ………………………….…………..

Choose the appropriate rule for the following words:

للسكون مد عارض Lengthening caused by a temporary

Sukoon

مد الصلة

Link lengthening

121

2-Soft Lengthening

Madd Al-Leen )مد اللني(

Its definition:

It occurs when a soft 'Leen' letter (Yaa')ياء(, or Waaw ()واو with Sukoon, preceded by a

letter with Fathah) is followed by only one letter in the same word, and we stop at the word

with a temporary Sukoon.

Its examples:

reads as khawf,

reads as bayt.

Its letters:

The two letters of softness are: Al-Waaw and Al-Yaa' when they are non-voweled

(have Sukoon symbol on them) and are preceded by Fathah. These letters are not

lengthened unless followed by a temporary Sukoon, as well as directly preceding the last

letter.

Its rule:

The rule of soft lengthening when stopping is allowability )اجلواز) Al-Jawaaz.

122

Its timing:

It is allowed to lengthen it two, four, or six vowel counts when stopping at the last

letter.

However, when continuing recitation, there is no lengthening at all because of the

complete absence of any letter of lengthening.

The reason for its naming:

This lengthening is called soft lengthening due to the following reasons:

1- Because its letters are the letters of softness not the letters of lengthening.

2- Because of the lightness and ease in its articulation. Clarification of the rule:

reads as yawwwwwwm

There is soft lengthening here because the softness letter (Al-Waaw) is just before the

last letter and we stopped at the latter with a temporary Sukoon. Thus, it is lengthened (2, 4,

6) vowel counts. However, if we don't stop at it, no lengthening applies.

123

Comparison Between Soft Lengthening

and Lengthening Due to a Temporary Sukoon

Lengthening due to a

Temporary Sukoon Soft Lengthening

It occurs when the lengthening

letter comes before the last

letter of the word, and we stop

at it with a temporary Sukoon.

It occurs when one of the two

'Leen' letters is followed by

only one letter at the end word,

and we stop at the word with a

temporary Sukoon.

Definition

The three non-voweled letters

of lengthening: (Al-'alif, Al-

Waaw and Al-Yaa'), preceded

by an appropriate vowel.

The non-voweled Waaw and

Yaa' preceded by a letter with

Fathah.

Its letters

If we stop: It is allowed.

If we don't stop: Natural

lengthening.

If we stop: It is allowed.

If we don't stop: No

lengthening.

Its rule

It is lengthened two, four, or six

counts.

It is lengthened two, four, or six

counts. Its timing

122

Its timing:

It is allowed to lengthen it two, four, or six vowel counts when stopping at the last

letter.

However, when continuing recitation, there is no lengthening at all because of the

complete absence of any letter of lengthening.

The reason for its naming:

This lengthening is called soft lengthening due to the following reasons:

1- Because its letters are the letters of softness not the letters of lengthening.

2- Because of the lightness and ease in its articulation. Clarification of the rule:

reads as yawwwwwwm

There is soft lengthening here because the softness letter (Al-Waaw) is just before the

last letter and we stopped at the latter with a temporary Sukoon. Thus, it is lengthened (2, 4,

6) vowel counts. However, if we don't stop at it, no lengthening applies.

123

Comparison Between Soft Lengthening

and Lengthening Due to a Temporary Sukoon

Lengthening due to a

Temporary Sukoon Soft Lengthening

It occurs when the lengthening

letter comes before the last

letter of the word, and we stop

at it with a temporary Sukoon.

It occurs when one of the two

'Leen' letters is followed by

only one letter at the end word,

and we stop at the word with a

temporary Sukoon.

Definition

The three non-voweled letters

of lengthening: (Al-'alif, Al-

Waaw and Al-Yaa'), preceded

by an appropriate vowel.

The non-voweled Waaw and

Yaa' preceded by a letter with

Fathah.

Its letters

If we stop: It is allowed.

If we don't stop: Natural

lengthening.

If we stop: It is allowed.

If we don't stop: No

lengthening.

Its rule

It is lengthened two, four, or six

counts.

It is lengthened two, four, or six

counts. Its timing

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Assessment

Fill in the blanks:

(…………..…..): It occurs when Al-Leen letter is before …..…..… and we stop at the last

letter with Sukoon.

Its rule when we stop at it is………………....

It is lengthened (…….. , ……. , ……..) vowel counts.

Extract from the following all soft lengthening and clarify each one:

)

)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………….………………………………

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3-Compulsory Lengthening

)املد الالزم( Al-Madd Al-Laazim

Its definition:

It occurs when an original Sukoon (part of the original set up of the word and always

present whether we stop at the word or not) is positioned after the lengthening letter, in a

word or a letter.

Its examples:

, nneeoooooojjaaaaaah'atu as reads

reads as qaaaaaaf ,

reads as noooooon ,

,mmatuaaaaaaT-tA as reads

. qqatuaaaaaaH-Al as reads Its rule:

It is compulsory to lengthen it whether we stop at the word or continue reciting.

Its timing:

This lengthening must be six vowel counts.

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Assessment

Fill in the blanks:

(…………..…..): It occurs when Al-Leen letter is before …..…..… and we stop at the last

letter with Sukoon.

Its rule when we stop at it is………………....

It is lengthened (…….. , ……. , ……..) vowel counts.

Extract from the following all soft lengthening and clarify each one:

)

)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………….………………………………

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3-Compulsory Lengthening

)املد الالزم( Al-Madd Al-Laazim

Its definition:

It occurs when an original Sukoon (part of the original set up of the word and always

present whether we stop at the word or not) is positioned after the lengthening letter, in a

word or a letter.

Its examples:

, nneeoooooojjaaaaaah'atu as reads

reads as qaaaaaaf ,

reads as noooooon ,

,mmatuaaaaaaT-tA as reads

. qqatuaaaaaaH-Al as reads Its rule:

It is compulsory to lengthen it whether we stop at the word or continue reciting.

Its timing:

This lengthening must be six vowel counts.

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The reason for its naming:

It is called compulsory lengthening for the following reasons:

1- All scholars of the science of Tajweed agree that this lengthening is compulsorily

lengthened six vowel counts.

2- Due to the compulsory original Sukoon.

Its types:

1- Compulsory lengthening in a word:

A- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a word (مد الزم كلمي مثقل) Madd Laazim Kalimee Muthaqqal.

B- Toned down compulsory lengthening in a word (مد الزم كلمي خمفف) Madd Laazim Kalimee Mukhaffaf.

2- Compulsory lengthening in a letter: A- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter (مد الزم حرفي مثقل) Madd Laazim Harfee Muthaqqal.

B- Toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter ( مد الزم حرفي مخفف) Madd Laazim Harfee Mukhaffaf.

Firstly: Compulsory lengthening in a word ( املد الالزم الكلمي) Al-Madd Al-

Laazim Al-Kalimee:

Its definition:

It is when an original Sukoon comes after the lengthening letter in a word.

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Its examples:

,hkhahkaaaaaaS-sA as reads

. ddoonaaaaaaahyu as reads

The reason for its naming:

It is called lexical; word-based Kalimee because the lengthening letter )كلمي( followed by the original Sukoon come together in one word.

Its types:

A- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a word (مد كلمي مثقل) Madd Kalimee Muthaqqal.

B- Toned down compulsory lengthening in a word (مد كلمي خمفف) Madd Kalimee Mukhaffaf.

1- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a word

:Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimee Al-Muthaqqal (املد الالزم الكلمي املثقل)

Its definition:

It is when an original inserted Sukoon (i.e., the letter is duplicated since it has

Shaddah on it) comes after the lengthening letter in a single word.

Its examples:

,rrinaaaaaadmu as reads

,qqahaaaaaaH-Al as reads

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The reason for its naming:

It is called compulsory lengthening for the following reasons:

1- All scholars of the science of Tajweed agree that this lengthening is compulsorily

lengthened six vowel counts.

2- Due to the compulsory original Sukoon.

Its types:

1- Compulsory lengthening in a word:

A- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a word (مد الزم كلمي مثقل) Madd Laazim Kalimee Muthaqqal.

B- Toned down compulsory lengthening in a word (مد الزم كلمي خمفف) Madd Laazim Kalimee Mukhaffaf.

2- Compulsory lengthening in a letter: A- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter (مد الزم حرفي مثقل) Madd Laazim Harfee Muthaqqal.

B- Toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter ( مد الزم حرفي مخفف) Madd Laazim Harfee Mukhaffaf.

Firstly: Compulsory lengthening in a word ( املد الالزم الكلمي) Al-Madd Al-

Laazim Al-Kalimee:

Its definition:

It is when an original Sukoon comes after the lengthening letter in a word.

127

Its examples:

,hkhahkaaaaaaS-sA as reads

. ddoonaaaaaaahyu as reads

The reason for its naming:

It is called lexical; word-based Kalimee because the lengthening letter )كلمي( followed by the original Sukoon come together in one word.

Its types:

A- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a word (مد كلمي مثقل) Madd Kalimee Muthaqqal.

B- Toned down compulsory lengthening in a word (مد كلمي خمفف) Madd Kalimee Mukhaffaf.

1- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a word

:Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimee Al-Muthaqqal (املد الالزم الكلمي املثقل)

Its definition:

It is when an original inserted Sukoon (i.e., the letter is duplicated since it has

Shaddah on it) comes after the lengthening letter in a single word.

Its examples:

,rrinaaaaaadmu as reads

,qqahaaaaaaH-Al as reads

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, lleenaaaaaaaD-dA as reads

mmah. aaaaaaT-tA as reads

The reason for its naming overloaded مثقل ) ( Muthaqqal:

This lengthening in a word is called overloaded ( مثقل) Muthaqqal because As-Sukoon following the letter of lengthening is inserted, has Shaddah, or is pronounced heavily. Clarification of the rule:

mmahaaaaaaT-tA as reads There is overloaded compulsory lengthening in a word here because the letter of

lengthening is followed by an original inserted Sukoon in one word. Thus, it is compulsory

to lengthen it six vowel counts.

2-Toned down compulsory lengthening in a word

:Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimee Al-Mukhaffaf (المد الالزم الكلمي المخفف)

Its definition:

It occurs when an original Sukoon that is not inserted (without Shaddah) follows the

lengthening letter in a word.

Its examples:

There is only one word in the Noble Qur'aan that has this toned down compulsory

lengthening in a word. This word occurs twice in Soorat Yoonus [Jonah] no.10

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reads as 'aaaaaal'aan

The reason for its naming toned down )خمفف ) Mukhaffaf:

This lengthening in a word is called toned down -Mukhaffaf because As ( (خمفف

Sukoon following the lengthening letter is not inserted, or because of the lightness and

easiness in its pronunciation.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'aaaaaal'aan

There is toned down compulsory lengthening in a word applied here because the

letter of lengthening is followed by Sukoon that isn't inserted. As such, it is compulsory to

lengthen it six vowel counts.

Secondly: Compulsory lengthening in a letter (املد الالزم احلريف)

Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee:

Its definition:

It occurs when an original Sukoon follows a letter of lengthening or Leen in a letter (among the cut letters )احلــروف املقطعــة( Al-Huroof Al-Muqqtta`ah with which some ofAs-Suwar of the Noble Qur'aan begin).

Its examples:

reads as Qaaaaaaf, reads as Noooooon ,

.aaaaaadSLaaaaaammeeeeeem 'alif as reads

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, lleenaaaaaaaD-dA as reads

mmah. aaaaaaT-tA as reads

The reason for its naming overloaded مثقل ) ( Muthaqqal:

This lengthening in a word is called overloaded ( مثقل) Muthaqqal because As-Sukoon following the letter of lengthening is inserted, has Shaddah, or is pronounced heavily. Clarification of the rule:

mmahaaaaaaT-tA as reads There is overloaded compulsory lengthening in a word here because the letter of

lengthening is followed by an original inserted Sukoon in one word. Thus, it is compulsory

to lengthen it six vowel counts.

2-Toned down compulsory lengthening in a word

:Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimee Al-Mukhaffaf (المد الالزم الكلمي المخفف)

Its definition:

It occurs when an original Sukoon that is not inserted (without Shaddah) follows the

lengthening letter in a word.

Its examples:

There is only one word in the Noble Qur'aan that has this toned down compulsory

lengthening in a word. This word occurs twice in Soorat Yoonus [Jonah] no.10

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reads as 'aaaaaal'aan

The reason for its naming toned down )خمفف ) Mukhaffaf:

This lengthening in a word is called toned down -Mukhaffaf because As ( (خمفف

Sukoon following the lengthening letter is not inserted, or because of the lightness and

easiness in its pronunciation.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'aaaaaal'aan

There is toned down compulsory lengthening in a word applied here because the

letter of lengthening is followed by Sukoon that isn't inserted. As such, it is compulsory to

lengthen it six vowel counts.

Secondly: Compulsory lengthening in a letter (املد الالزم احلريف)

Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee:

Its definition:

It occurs when an original Sukoon follows a letter of lengthening or Leen in a letter (among the cut letters )احلــروف املقطعــة( Al-Huroof Al-Muqqtta`ah with which some ofAs-Suwar of the Noble Qur'aan begin).

Its examples:

reads as Qaaaaaaf, reads as Noooooon ,

.aaaaaadSLaaaaaammeeeeeem 'alif as reads

130

The occurrence of this lengthening:

These letters are found only in the beginning of some Suwar) of the Noble Qur'aan.

Its letters:

These letters which should be read individually in the beginning of some Suwar) have been collected in this expression: ( نقــص عســلكم) Naqasa `asalukum. Thus, they are eight and all of them are lengthened six vowel counts, with the exception of the letter Al-`ayn عني()ال . The reason for it being called letter-based )حريف( Harfee:

It is called alphabetic; letter-based )حريف) Harfee since the letter of lengthening is

followed by an original Sukoon in one letter and not in one word. Its types:

a- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter (مد الزم حريف مثقل) Madd Laazim Harfee Muthaqqal.

b- Toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter (مد الزم حريف خمفف) Madd Laazim Harfee Mukhaffaf.

1- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter (املد الالزم احلريف املثقل)

Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Muthaqqal:

131

Its definition:

This type of lengthening occurs when the letter of lengthening is followed by a letter

having an original Sukoon inserted into the letter that comes after it immediately, as in one

of the letters found in the start of some Suwar.

Its examples:

The letter As-Seen in ( (سنيال

mmeeeeeem Seeeeee aaT as reads

The letter Al-Laam الم( )ال in

reads as 'alif Laaaaaammeeeeeem Raa

The reason for calling this lengthening overloaded )املثقل ) Al-Muthaqqal:

This lengthening is called overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter because As-

Sukoon which comes after the lengthening letter is inserted. In other words, the letter after

it has shaddah.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'alif Laaaaaammeeeeeem

In the letter Laam (belonging to the group of letters appearing in the beginning of

some Suwar), there is an overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter. The letter 'alif is

followed by an inserted Sukoon (a letter having Shaddah), and thus is compulsorily

lengthened six vowel counts.

130

The occurrence of this lengthening:

These letters are found only in the beginning of some Suwar) of the Noble Qur'aan.

Its letters:

These letters which should be read individually in the beginning of some Suwar) have been collected in this expression: ( نقــص عســلكم) Naqasa `asalukum. Thus, they are eight and all of them are lengthened six vowel counts, with the exception of the letter Al-`ayn عني()ال . The reason for it being called letter-based )حريف( Harfee:

It is called alphabetic; letter-based )حريف) Harfee since the letter of lengthening is

followed by an original Sukoon in one letter and not in one word. Its types:

a- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter (مد الزم حريف مثقل) Madd Laazim Harfee Muthaqqal.

b- Toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter (مد الزم حريف خمفف) Madd Laazim Harfee Mukhaffaf.

1- Overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter (املد الالزم احلريف املثقل)

Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Muthaqqal:

131

Its definition:

This type of lengthening occurs when the letter of lengthening is followed by a letter

having an original Sukoon inserted into the letter that comes after it immediately, as in one

of the letters found in the start of some Suwar.

Its examples:

The letter As-Seen in ( (سنيال

mmeeeeeem Seeeeee aaT as reads

The letter Al-Laam الم( )ال in

reads as 'alif Laaaaaammeeeeeem Raa

The reason for calling this lengthening overloaded )املثقل ) Al-Muthaqqal:

This lengthening is called overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter because As-

Sukoon which comes after the lengthening letter is inserted. In other words, the letter after

it has shaddah.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'alif Laaaaaammeeeeeem

In the letter Laam (belonging to the group of letters appearing in the beginning of

some Suwar), there is an overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter. The letter 'alif is

followed by an inserted Sukoon (a letter having Shaddah), and thus is compulsorily

lengthened six vowel counts.

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The occurrence of this lengthening:

Overloaded compulsory lengthening occurs restrictedly in two letters: As-Seen and

Al-Laam (السني والالم), with the condition that there be the letter Al-Meem ( يمامل ) coming after

them.

2 Toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter (املد الالزم احلريف املخفف)

Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Mukhaffaf:

Its definition:

This type of lengthening occurs when the letter of lengthening is followed by a letter

having an original Sukoon that is not inserted into the letter that comes immediately after it,

as in one of the letters that appear in the beginning of some Suwar.

Its examples:

reads as `ayn Seeeeeen Qaaaaaaf,

,aaaaaadS as reads

.Seeeeeen aaT as reads

The reason for calling this lengthening toned down (املخفف ) Al-Mukhaffaf:

This lengthening is called toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter because As-

Sukoon which comes after the letter of lengthening is not inserted. In other words, the letter

after it does not have Shaddah.

133

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'alif Laaaaaammeeeeeem

In the letter Meem (which is one of the letters coming at the beginning of some

Suwar), there is toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter. The letter of lengthening

(Yaa') is followed by an original Sukoon that is not inserted, and it is therefore compulsorily

lengthened six vowel counts.

The Letters in the Beginning of Some Chapters (Suwar)

The letters that some Suwar of the Noble Qur'aan begin with are read according to

their names. In other words, they are read individually according to their spelling one by

one, as illustrated in these letters: Laam (الم), Seen (سني), Qaaf (قاف).

Their categories:

The letters that some Suwar of Al-Qur'aan begin with are divided into three groups:

1- That which has no lengthening at all:

This refers to the letter Al-'alif ,as it has no lengthening letter in it. Indeed ( (لفاأل

when spelling it, it consists of three letters but no letter of lengthening is among them in the

middle.

2- A group which has lengthening of two vowel counts:

The letters in this category are five and collected in the expression حـــي طـــهــــر) )

Hayyun Tahur. All these letters have Hamzah at their end. However, in Al-Qur'aan they are

read without the final Hamzah as follows: Haa(حا), Yaa(يا), Taa(طا), Haa(ها), Raa(را).

132

The occurrence of this lengthening:

Overloaded compulsory lengthening occurs restrictedly in two letters: As-Seen and

Al-Laam (السني والالم), with the condition that there be the letter Al-Meem ( يمامل ) coming after

them.

2 Toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter (املد الالزم احلريف املخفف)

Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Mukhaffaf:

Its definition:

This type of lengthening occurs when the letter of lengthening is followed by a letter

having an original Sukoon that is not inserted into the letter that comes immediately after it,

as in one of the letters that appear in the beginning of some Suwar.

Its examples:

reads as `ayn Seeeeeen Qaaaaaaf,

,aaaaaadS as reads

.Seeeeeen aaT as reads

The reason for calling this lengthening toned down (املخفف ) Al-Mukhaffaf:

This lengthening is called toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter because As-

Sukoon which comes after the letter of lengthening is not inserted. In other words, the letter

after it does not have Shaddah.

133

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'alif Laaaaaammeeeeeem

In the letter Meem (which is one of the letters coming at the beginning of some

Suwar), there is toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter. The letter of lengthening

(Yaa') is followed by an original Sukoon that is not inserted, and it is therefore compulsorily

lengthened six vowel counts.

The Letters in the Beginning of Some Chapters (Suwar)

The letters that some Suwar of the Noble Qur'aan begin with are read according to

their names. In other words, they are read individually according to their spelling one by

one, as illustrated in these letters: Laam (الم), Seen (سني), Qaaf (قاف).

Their categories:

The letters that some Suwar of Al-Qur'aan begin with are divided into three groups:

1- That which has no lengthening at all:

This refers to the letter Al-'alif ,as it has no lengthening letter in it. Indeed ( (لفاأل

when spelling it, it consists of three letters but no letter of lengthening is among them in the

middle.

2- A group which has lengthening of two vowel counts:

The letters in this category are five and collected in the expression حـــي طـــهــــر) )

Hayyun Tahur. All these letters have Hamzah at their end. However, in Al-Qur'aan they are

read without the final Hamzah as follows: Haa(حا), Yaa(يا), Taa(طا), Haa(ها), Raa(را).

134

They are all lengthened two vowel counts and their lengthening is called natural

lengthening in a letter حرفي( طبيعي)مد Madd Tabee`ee Harfee.

3- A third group that has lengthening of six vowel counts:

Eight letters fall into this category and they are collected in the expression ( ص نــقـ

معــســلـكـ) Naqasa `asalukum. Each one of these letters, when written down, consists of three

letters of which the middle one is lengthening letter followed by an original Sukoon (either

inserted or not). The only exception is the letter Al-`ayn ( نعــيـال ) since it has a middle soft

(Leen) letter. Consequently, it can be lengthened four or six vowel counts.

In brief, these are the letters of compulsory lengthening in a letter.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'alif Laaaaaammeeeeeem

Al-'alif: There is no lengthening in it.

Al-Laam: There is overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter, because after the

lengthened 'alif comes the letter Al-Meem which has Shaddah caused by the insertion.

Thus, it is compulsory to lengthen it six vowel counts.

Al-Meem: There is toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter, because after the letter

Al-Yaa' comes the letter Al-Meem which is non-voweled. It is thus compulsorily

lengthened six vowel counts.

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Assessment

Complete the following:

Compulsory lengthening is divided into four groups:

Tick () or ():

( ) Compulsory lengthening in a word is every lengthening followed by Sukoon in one

word.

( ) The expression (حــي طــهـــر) is part of the group of letters which have a six vowel

counts lengthening.

( ) There is no lengthening in the letter 'alif. Clarify the rule in the following words:

……………………………………………………..…………….

……………………………………………………..…………….

………………………………………………………..………….

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They are all lengthened two vowel counts and their lengthening is called natural

lengthening in a letter حرفي( طبيعي)مد Madd Tabee`ee Harfee.

3- A third group that has lengthening of six vowel counts:

Eight letters fall into this category and they are collected in the expression ( ص نــقـ

معــســلـكـ) Naqasa `asalukum. Each one of these letters, when written down, consists of three

letters of which the middle one is lengthening letter followed by an original Sukoon (either

inserted or not). The only exception is the letter Al-`ayn ( نعــيـال ) since it has a middle soft

(Leen) letter. Consequently, it can be lengthened four or six vowel counts.

In brief, these are the letters of compulsory lengthening in a letter.

Clarification of the rule:

reads as 'alif Laaaaaammeeeeeem

Al-'alif: There is no lengthening in it.

Al-Laam: There is overloaded compulsory lengthening in a letter, because after the

lengthened 'alif comes the letter Al-Meem which has Shaddah caused by the insertion.

Thus, it is compulsory to lengthen it six vowel counts.

Al-Meem: There is toned down compulsory lengthening in a letter, because after the letter

Al-Yaa' comes the letter Al-Meem which is non-voweled. It is thus compulsorily

lengthened six vowel counts.

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Assessment

Complete the following:

Compulsory lengthening is divided into four groups:

Tick () or ():

( ) Compulsory lengthening in a word is every lengthening followed by Sukoon in one

word.

( ) The expression (حــي طــهـــر) is part of the group of letters which have a six vowel

counts lengthening.

( ) There is no lengthening in the letter 'alif. Clarify the rule in the following words:

……………………………………………………..…………….

……………………………………………………..…………….

………………………………………………………..………….