form 1 chapter 3 matter

7/28/2019 Form 1 Chapter 3 Matter

1/6

Chapter 3 Matter

1. Everything on earth has mass and occupies space.2. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. (All livings and non livings things)3. Example of non-matter : sound, light, heat, electric current, vacuum.4. Experiment 1:

a. Aim : To prove that matter has mass.b. Inference : Balloon A is heavier than balloon B.c. Observation : The plastic stick is tilted because the balloon with air in it has greater

mass.

d. Conclusion : Air has mass.

5. Experiment 2 :a. Aim : To prove that matter occupies space.b. Inference : The glass is filled with air.c. Observation : - Water did not enter the glass.

-Bubbles of air are produced and water is seen entering the glass B andoccupying the space in it, cloth is wet.

d. Conclusion : Air occupies space.

Water cannot enter the beaker because of the air occupying the space in the beaker

6.

Matter also has weight and volume.7. Matter consists of tiny, discrete particles.3.2 States of matter

1. Matter exists in three states, i.e. solid, liquid and gas.2. Water is an example of matter that exists in three states.


2/6

3. Matter is made up of many fine and tiny small discrete particles.4. Matter can be in solid, liquid or gaseous state, depending on the arrangement and the

type of movement of the tiny particles in the matter.

The three states of matter

Solid Liquid Gas

Shape

Has a definite or

fixed shape

Has no definite shape;

takes the shape of

the container it

occupies

Has no definite

shapes; takes the

shape of the whole

container or space

which it fills

completely

Volume

Has a definite or

fixed volume

Has a definite volume Has no definite

volumes; takes the

volume of the whole

container or spacewhich it fills

completely

Arrangement ofparticles

Has particles that

are

Held in fixedposition

Arranged in aregular pattern

Very closely packed

Has particles that

are

Not held in fixedpositions

Not arranged in aregular pattern

Closely packed

Has particles that

are

Not held in fixedpositions

Not arranged in aregular pattern

Widely spread

Movement of

particles

Has particles that

Vibrate in theirfixed position

Spin in their fixedpositions

Cannot move pastone another

Has particles that

Vibrate and moverandomly

Can move aroundone another

Has particles that

Move freely andrandomly in all

directions at high

speed, colliding

with one another

Spread out as faras they can to fill

the container or

any available space

completely and

quickly

Forces of attraction

between the particlesVery strong Weak Very weak


3/6

Experiment (I) : Arrangement of particle in solid

Observation : after a few days the whole test tube of gel is purple colour. Inference : particles of potassium permanganate move into the space between particles

of gel.

Conclusion : Diffusion of potassium permanganate is very slow. This show that solidparticles are arranged very close together and the space between is very small.

Experiment (II) : Arrangement of particle in liquid

Observation : The water turns blue. The copper (II) sulphate no longer be seen. Inference : particles of copper (II) sulphate move into the space between particles of

water.

Conclusion : Diffusion of copper (II) sulphate is faster in water than in the gel. Thisshows that the particles of a liquid are arranged further apart with the particles of a

solid.

Experiment (III) : Arrangement of particle in gas

Observation : the smoke quickly spreads into the inverted gas jar. Inference : the smoke diffuse very fast in the air. Conclusion : the diffusion take place very quickly. This show that the particles of the gas

are far apart.


4/6


5/6

6. The density of several substances.

3.4 The Use of Properties of Matter in Everyday LifeApplying the properties of matter

1. We use matter in different states for different purpose.2. Solid definite shape and volume

Exp: steel, wood building, furniture, bridges

Rubber tyres, hoes, gloves

Plastic toys, pails, bags, food containers

3. Liquid for drinking, cooking and cleaning.- Store liquids in bottles and tin cans.

4. Gas petroleum and natural gas are used as fuels in homes, factories and power stations.-Oxygen gas is used in hospitals and for diving.

5. a) Storage of petroleum products likes petrol in liquid.b) Gas can be compressed and stored in gas cylinder and aerosol can under high pressure.

c) When gas is kept under high pressure, it turns into liquid.

d) Storing gas in the liquid form can save space and enable more gas to be stored in the

container.

e) The liquefied gas will become gas again when the pressure is release. Exp : Liquefied

Petroleum Gas (LPG)

f) Liquids gasses can be easily transported in cylinder.


6/6

Applying the concept of density

Application Characteristic

Floats

Children and beginners use floats to help them stay onthe surface of water because the float contains air

which is less dense than water.

Buoys floats on the sea to guide the ships. Plastic balls help the fishing nets to float in the sea.

Transporting logs

Logs are transported from the forests through riversto sawmill.

Logs float because they are less dense than water.

A hot air balloon

It rises in the sky when the hot air in the balloon is lessdense than the surrounding air.

It goes down to the ground when the cooled air in theballoon is denser than the surrounding air.

A submarine

It can be made denser or less dense than thesurrounding water by pumping water in or out of it.

Hence it can sink or float in water.

A raft

A raft is made of bamboo or logs. A raft is able to stay afloat because bamboo or logs are

less dense than water.

form 1 chapter 3 matter

Documents