form-ienvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/online/tor/02_jul_2018... · 2.thus there...

FORM-I

for

PROPOSED EXPANSION OF PESTICIDES TECHINCAL (200

MT/MONTH), & SPECIALTY CHEMICALS (912

MT/MONTH) IN EXISTING UNIT

of

M/s. WANKSONS CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD.

Plot No. 518, GIDC Industrial Estate, Panoli - 394 116,

Taluka: Ankleshwar, Dist. Bharuch, Gujarat, INDIA.

NABL Accredited Testing Laboratory

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company

Aqua-Air Environmental Engineers P. Ltd.403, Centre Point, Nr. Kadiwala School, Ring Road, Surat - 395002

Prepared By:







Prepared By:

APPENDIX I

FORM 1

1. Basic Information

Sr. No.

Item Details

1. Name of the Project/s M/s. Wanksons Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd.

2. S. No. in the Schedule 5 (b) & 5(f)

3. Proposed capacity / area / length / tonnage to be handled/command area/lease area/number of wells to be drilled

1. Existing Production Capacity: 1. Specialty Chemicals:

286 MT/Month

2. Total Production Capacity after Proposed Expansion:

Specialty Chemicals, Pesticides - 1192 MT/Month

- Reference: Annexure-1.

3. Total Plot Area: 10,290 m2

4. No bore well is and will be drilled within the premises.

4. New/Expansion/Modernization Expansion

5. Existing capacity/area etc. 5. Existing Production Capacity: 6. Specialty Chemicals:

286 MT/Month

7. Existing Plot Area: 10,290 m2

6. Category of project i.e. ‘A’ or ‘B’ ‘A’

7. Does it attract the general condition? If yes, please specify.

No.

8. Does it attract the specific condition? If yes, please specify.

No.

9. Location

Plot/Survey/Khasra No. Plot. No. 518

Village GIDC Industrial Estate, Panoli - 394 116

Tehsil Ankleshwar

District Bharuch

State Gujarat

10. Nearest railway station/airport along with By road distance:

distance in kms. Nearest Railway Station: Panoli = 2.5 km (approx.) Nearest Airport : Surat = 60 km (approx.)

11. Nearest Town, city, District Headquarters along with distance in kms.

By road distance: Nearest Town : Panoli = 2 km (approx.) Nearest District Head Quarter : Bharuch = 15 km (approx.)

12. Village Panchayats, Zilla Parishad, Municipal corporation, Local body (Complete postal addresses with telephone nos. to be given)

Notified Area Authority, Panoli

13. Name of the applicant M/s. Wanksons Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd.

14. Registered address Plot. No. 518, GIDC Industrial Estate, Panoli -394 116, Tal: Ankleshwar, Dist: Bharuch, Gujarat.

15. Address for correspondence:

Name Mr. Indrasinh H. Parmar

Designation (Owner/Partner/CEO) GM (Production)

Address M/s. Wanksons Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. Plot. No. 518, GIDC Industrial Estate, Panoli -394 116, Tal: Ankleshwar, Dist: Bharuch, Gujarat.

Pin Code 394 116

E-Mail [email protected]

Telephone No. Tel: +91-7490032431/9427178117 Mob.: +91 9724302128

Fax No. --

16. Details of Alternative Sites examined, if any location of these sites should be shown on a topo sheet.

No

17. Interlinked Projects No

18. Whether separate application of interlinked project has been submitted?

No interlinked project has been submitted.

19. If Yes, date of submission Not applicable

20. If no., reason Not applicable

21. Whether the proposal involves approval/clearance under: If yes, details of the same and their status to be given. 1. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980? 2. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972? 3. The C.R.Z Notification, 1991?

Not applicable as proposed expansion activity will be within GIDC Industrial Estate, Panoli, Taluka Ankleshwar, Dist. Bharuch, Gujarat.

22. Whether there is any Government order/policy relevant/relating to the site?

No

23. Forest land involved (hectares) No

24. Whether there is any litigation pending against the project and/or land in which the project is propose to be set up? 1. Name of the Court 2. Case No.

No

3. Orders/directions of the Court, if any and its relevance with the proposed project.

(II) Activity

1. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions, which will cause

physical changes in the locality (topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc.)

Sr. No.

Information/Checklist confirmation Yes /No?

Details thereof (with approximate quantities / rates, wherever possible) with source of information data

1.1 Permanent or temporary change in land use, land cover or topography including increase in intensity of land use (with respect to local land use plan)

No --

1.2 Clearance of existing land, vegetation and buildings?

No --

1.3 Creation of new land uses? No Land is for industrial purpose. Proposed expansion activity will be carried out within existing site which is located on level ground does not require any land filling for area grading work.

1.4 Pre-construction investigations e.g. bore houses, soil testing?

No As any kind of construction activity won’t require in proposed expansion activity, pre-construction investigations are not required.

1.5 Construction works? No No, any kind of construction works is not required. Existing infrastructures and ancillary facilities are adequate for proposed expansion activity. - Reference: Annexure - 2.

1.6 Demolition works? No --

1.7

Temporary sites used for construction workers or housing of construction workers?

No --

1.8 Above ground buildings, structures or earthworks including linear structures, cut and fill or excavations

Yes As existing infrastructures are adequate for proposed expansion activity, no kind of excavation work is required. - Reference: Annexure - 2.

1.9

Underground works including mining or tunneling?

No --

1.10 Reclamation works? No --

1.11 Dredging? No --

1.12 Offshore structures? No --

1.13 Production and manufacturing processes? Yes Reference: Anneure-3.

1.14 Facilities for storage of goods or materials?

Yes Existing storage facilities/area is available as an existing infrastructure for storage of

existing raw materials, finished products, hazardous/solid wastes, etc. Existing infrastructure for storage of raw materials, finished products, hazardous/solid wastes, etc. are adequate for storage of additional raw materials, finished products, hazardous/solid wastes, etc.

1.15

Facilities for treatment or disposal of solid waste or liquid effluents?

Yes 1. Water consumption & Waste water generation details

– Reference: Anneure-4. 2. Effluent Treatment Plant details

– Reference: Anneure-5. 3. Hazardous/Solid wastes generation and

disposal mode details – Reference: Anneure-6.

1.16

Facilities for long term housing of operational workers?

No --

1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic during construction or operation?

No --

1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne or other airports etc?

No The proposed expansion activity will be carried out within existing site located in well developed Industrial Estate having all infrastructural facilities. Existing transportation system is adequate too.

1.19 Closure or diversion of existing transport routes or infrastructure leading to changes in traffic movements?

No --

1.20 New or diverted transmission lines or pipelines?

No --

1.21

Impoundment, damming, converting, realignment or other changes to the hydrology of watercourses or aquifers?

No --

1.22 Stream crossings? No --

1.23

Abstraction or transfers or the water form ground or surface waters?

Yes 1. No ground water is and shall be used. 2. Raw water requirement is met through GIDC

water supply and will be met through same source after proposed expansion.

1.24

Changes in water bodies or the land surface affecting drainage or run-off?

No --

1.25

Transport of personnel or materials for construction, operation or decommissioning?

Yes Transportation of personnel or raw materials/finished products is primarily by road only & it will be done through the same way after proposed expansion.

1.26 Long-term dismantling or No --

decommissioning or restoration works?

1.27 Ongoing activity during decommissioning which could have an impact on the environment?

No --

1.28

Influx of people to an area in either temporarily or permanently?

No --

1.29 Introduction of alien species? No --

1.30 Loss of native species of genetic diversity? No --

1.31 Any other actions? No --

2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (such as land, water, materials

or energy, especially any resources which are non-renewable or in short supply):

Sr. No

Information/checklist confirmation Yes/ No?

Details there of (with approximate quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data

2.1 Land especially undeveloped or agriculture land (ha)

No --

2.2 Water (expected source & competing users) unit: KLD

Yes 3. Raw water requirement is met through GIDC water supply and will be met through the same source after proposed expansion.

4. Water consumption & Waste water generation details – Reference: Anneure-4.

2.3 Minerals (MT) No --

2.4

Construction material - stone, aggregates, sand / soil (expected source MT)

No --

2.5 Forests and timber (source - MT) No --

2.6

Energy including electricity and fuels source, competing users Unit: fuel (MT), energy (MW)

Yes Reference: Anneure-7.

2.7 Any other natural resources (use appropriates standard units)

No --

3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials, which could be

harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or perceived risks to

human health.

Sr. No.

Information / Checklist confirmation Yes/ No?

Details thereof (with approximate quantities / rates wherever possible) with source of information data

3.1 Use of substances or materials, which are hazardous (as per MSIHC rules) to human health or the environment (flora, fauna, and water supplies)

Yes

Reference: Annexure -8.

3.2 Changes in occurrence of disease or affect disease vectors (e.g. insect or water borne diseases)

No --

3.3 Affect the welfare of people e.g. by changing living conditions?

No --

3.4

Vulnerable groups of people who could be affected by the project e.g. hospital patients, children, the elderly etc.,

No

--

3.5 Any other causes No --

4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning MT/month)

Sr.

No.

Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/

No?

Details thereof (with approximate quantities

/ rates, wherever possible) with source of

information data

4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine wastes No --

4.2

Municipal waste (domestic and or

commercial wastes) No --

4.3

Hazardous wastes (as per Hazardous Waste

Management Rules)


4.4 Other industrial process wastes Yes Reference: Anneure-6.

4.5 Surplus product No --

4.6

Sewage sludge or other sludge from effluent

treatment


4.7 Construction or demolition wastes No --

4.8 Redundant machinery or equipment No --

4.9 Contaminated soils or other materials No --

4.10 Agricultural wastes No --

4.11 Other solid wastes Yes Reference: Anneure-6.

5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air (Kg/hr)

Sr.

No.


No?

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities/rates, wherever possible) with

source of information data

5.1 Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels

From stationary or mobile sources

Yes Reference: Annexure -9.

5.2 Emissions from production processes Yes Reference: Annexure -9.

5.3 Emissions from materials handling including

storage or transport.

Yes 1. Raw materials receive in

drums/carboys/bags/tankers and handled in

closed charging system with proper

ventilation and charged through close

pipeline in to reactors/treatment units. It will

be done through same way after proposed

expansion.

2. Thus there won't be any kind of emission

through storage and transport.

5.4 Emissions from construction activities

including plant and equipment

No --

5.5

Dust or odours from handling of materials

including construction materials, sewage

and waste

No --

5.6 Emissions from incineration of waste No --

5.7 Emissions from burning of waste in open air

(e.g. slash materials, construction debris)

No --

5.8 Emissions from any other sources No --

6. Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat:

Sr.

No.


No?

Details there of (with approximate Quantities

/rates, wherever possible) With source of

source of information data

6.1

From operation of equipment e.g. engines,

ventilation plant, crushers

Yes 1. There are few activities due to which

noise generates. The equipments resulting in

noise generation are machineries of plant and

diesel generator. Adequate noise controls

measures are provided.

2. Proper and timely oiling, lubrication and

preventive maintenance is carried out for the

machineries & equipments to reduce noise

generation.

3. Use of PPEs like ear plugs and ear muffs

are made compulsory near the high noise

generating machines.

4. Noise monitoring is done regularly in

plant area.

5. D.G. Set is installed in a closed room and

provided with acoustic enclosure.

6. Above system will be followed after

proposed expansion to prevent/reduce noise to

be generated.

7. The unit has developed plantation within

the premises which helps to prevent the noise

pollution within site as well as surrounding

area.

6.2 From industrial or similar processes Yes 8. All machinery/equipment is well

maintained, have proper foundation with anti

vibrating pads wherever applicable and thus,

noise levels is within permissible limits.

9. An acoustic enclosure is provided for D.G.

set.


proposed expansion to prevent/reduce noise to

be generated.

6.3 From construction or demolition No --

6.4 From blasting or piling No --

6.5 From construction or operational traffic No --

6.6 From lighting or cooling systems No --

6.7 From any other sources No --

7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the ground or into

sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea:

Sr.

No


No?

Details thereof (with approximate quantities /

rates, wherever possible) with source of

information data

7.1

From handling, storage, use or spillage of

hazardous materials

Yes 11. All hazardous materials are stored safely &

separately in designated storage area.

12. Dyke walls are provided around

raw/hazardous materials storage tanks.

13. Materials stored in bags / drums keep on

pallets with concrete flooring and company

takes preventive action for no spillage likely to

occur.


proposed expansion.

15. Reference: Annexure -8.

7.2

From discharge of sewage or other

effluents to water or the land (expected

mode and place of discharge)

Yes Sewage is disposed of through septic tank/soak

pit & to be done through same way after

proposed expansion.

7.3

By deposition of pollutants emitted to air

into the land or into water

No --

7.4 From any other sources No --

7.5 Is there a risk of long term build up of

pollution in the environment from these

sources?

Yes

16. Environmental Management System

(EMS) is installed i.e. ETP, Air Pollution Control

systems, Hazardous Waste Handling and

Management system as per rules, etc. which

eliminates the possibility of building up of

pollution.

17. In proposed expansion activity, additional

EMS will be implemented, if required.

8. Risks of accident during construction or operation of the Project, which could affect human

health or the environment:

Sr.

No

Information/Checklist confirmation

Yes/

No?



information data

8.1 From explosions, spillages, fires etc. from

storage, handling, use or production of

hazardous substances

Yes Reference: Annexure -8.

8.2 From any other causes No --

8.3 Could the project be affected by natural

disasters causing environmental damage

(e.g. floods, earthquakes, landslides,

cloudburst etc)?

No --

9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development) which could lead to

environmental effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with other existing or planned activities

in the locality

Sr.

No.


No?



information data

9.1 Lead to development of supporting. laities,

ancillary development or development

stimulated by the project which could have

impact on the environment e.g.:

* Supporting infrastructure (roads, power

supply, waste or waste water treatment,

etc.)

1. housing development

2. extractive industries

3. supply industries

4. other

Yes 1. Plot is located within GIDC, Panoli, Taluka:

Ankleshwar, having entire required

infrastructural facility i.e. road infrastructure,

water supply, power supply, etc.

2. Local people are employed and no housing is

required.

3. Reference: Annexure – 10.

9.2

Lead to after-use of the site, which could

have an impact on the environment

No --

9.3 Set a precedent for later developments No --

9.4 Have cumulative effects due to proximity

to Other existing or planned projects with

similar effects

No --

(III) Environmental Sensitivity

Sr.

No

Information/Checklist confirmation Name /

Identity

Aerial distance (within 25 km). Proposed

Project Location Boundary.

1 Areas protected under international

conventions national or local legislation for

their ecological, landscape, cultural or other

related value

No Plot is located in GIDC, Panoli, Taluka:

Ankleshwar, Dist. Bharuch, Gujarat.

2 Areas which are important or sensitive for

Ecological reasons - Wetlands,

watercourses or other water bodies, coastal

zone, biospheres, mountains, forests

No Plot is located in GIDC, Panoli, Taluka:


3 Areas used by protected, important or

sensitive species of flora or fauna for

breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over

wintering, migration

No Plot is located in GIDC, Panoli, Takula:


4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground

waters

Yes 1. Sea Coast : 20 Km (approx.)

2. River Narmada : 14.6 Km (approx.)

3. Amla Khadi : 5.5 Km (approx.)

5 State, National boundaries No --

6 Routes or facilities used by the public for to

recreation or other tourist, pilgrim areas.

No --

7 Defense installations No --

8 Densely populated or built-up area Yes Ankleshwar city: 2 Lakh population

(approx.)

9 Areas occupied by sensitive man-made land

community facilities)

No

10 Areas containing important, high quality or

scarce resources (ground water resources,

surface resources, forestry, agriculture,

fisheries, tourism, tourism, minerals)

Yes

4. No ground water will be used.

5. Plot is located in industrial area & does not

affect agricultural land.

11 Areas already subjected to pollution or

environmental damage. (those where

existing legal environmental standards are

exceeded)

Yes Plot is located in GIDC, Panoli, Taluka:


12 Are as susceptible to natural hazard which

could cause the project to present

environmental problems (earthquakes,

subsidence ,landslides, flooding erosion, or

extreme or adverse climatic conditions)

No --

28/07/2018

IV). Proposed Terms of Reference for EIA studies: Please refer Annexure – 11.

ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE NO. PARTICULARS

1 List of Products with their Production Capacity and Raw Materials Consumption

2 Plot layout

3 Brief Manufacturing Process Description

4 Details of water consumption & waste water generation

5 Description of Effluent Treatment Plant

6 Details of Hazardous/Solid Wastes Generation, Management and Disposal Mode

7 Power and Fuel Requirement

8 Hazardous Chemicals Storage and Handling Details

9 Details of Sources of Emissions and Air Pollution Control Equipments (APCM)

10 Socio - Economic Impacts

11 Proposed Terms of References

12 Copy of Land Possession/Plot Allotment Letter

13 Copy of CETP and Spray Dryer Membership Letter

14 Copy of Common TSDF & HWIF Membership Letter

15 Toposheet

16 Copy of GIDC Letter for Water Supply

ANNEXURE – 1

LIST OF PRODUCTS WITH THEIR PRODUCTION CAPACITY

Sr.

No.

Products CAS No. Production Capacity

(MT/Month)

LD50

(mg/Kg)

Existing Proposed

Expansion

Total after

Proposed

Expansion

Pesticide Technical

1 Dichlorovos Technical (DDVP) 62-73-7 20

180

200

1100

2 Hexaconzole (T) 79983-71-4

--

2000

3 Tebuconzole (T) 107534-96-3 5000

4 Propioconzole (T) 60207-90-1 4000

5 1,2,4-Triazole 288-88-0 2300

6 Profenofos (T) 41198-08-7 2560

Specialty Chemicals

7 Chloral

(Trichloro Acetaldehyde)

75-87-6 213 400 400 168

8 Meta Chloro Propio Phenone (3-

CPP)

936-59-4 10 15 15 482

9

3-(Bromo ethyl)-2-chloro-4-

(methyl sulfonyl) Benzoic Acid

(PIA-4)

53250-83-2 25 Nil 25 1600

10

S-Benzyl O, O Diisopropyl

Phosphorothioate (PIZ)

26087-47-8 10 Nil 10 790

11 Dimethyl Amine Hydrochloride

(DMA - HCl)

506-59-2

10

25

25

1600

12

Iso Propyl Alcohol Hydrochloride

(IPA HCL)

7647-01-0 IPA - 12870

&

HCL - 5010

13 Methanolic Hydrochloride 9004-54-0 15800

14 Ethyl Acetate Hydrochloride 5407-04-5 - 5000

15 Ethyl Alcohol Hydrochloride 9004-54-0 - 5000

16 Propionyl chloride 79-03-8 - 24 24 823

17 Propiophenone 93-55-0 - 30 30 4500

LIST OF BY-PRODUCTS WITH THEIR PRODUCTION CAPACITY

Sr.

No.

By-Products CAS No. Production Capacity

(MT/Month)

Existing Total after Proposed

Expansion

1 Regenerated Sulfuric Acid (72%) 7664-93-9 373.75 653

2 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (30-32%) 7647-01-0 656* 1200*

Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (20%) 0.723** 1.257**

3 Ethyl Chloride 75-00-3 95.83 180

4 Methyl Chloride 74-87-3 2.29 4.58

5 HBr 10035-10-6 6.45 42

6

Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) –

100%

1327-41-9 7.5 46

7 Sodium Hypochlorite (10%) 7681-52-9 90 120

* Existing: (656 - 11.5 = 644.5 MT). 11.5 MT converts to HCl gas & Consumes as raw material in

existing products i.e. DMA – Hydrochloride, IPA HCL and Methaonolic Hydrochloride.

* Total after Proposed Expansion: (1200 – 25 = 1175 MT). 25 MT will be converted to HCl gas &

Consumed as raw material in existing products i.e. 3-CPP, DMA – Hydrochloride, IPA HCL and

Methaonolic Hydrochloride and Propiophenone.

** HCl (20%) converts and to be converted to HCl (30-32%) and sell to actual user.

Note: No increase by-product due to adding new products.

18 2-Bromo 3-Chloro

Propiophenone

34911-51-8 - 4 4 2000

19 3-Methoxy Propiophenone 37951-49-8 - 4 4 1950

20 3-Hydroxy Propiophenone 13103-80-5 - 4 4 1310

21 Cyano Acetic Acid 372-09-8 - 10 10 1500

22 7-Ethyl Tryptophol (7-ETP) 41340-36-7 - 5 5 391

23 Closantel Amine 57808-65-8 - 5 5 5780

24 Diethyl Ketone 96-22-0 -- 10 10 2900

25 TBPO (Tributyl phosphate) 126-73-8 -- 60 60 2000

Total 286 826 1112

RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION:

Raw Material Consumption Quantity (MT/MT) CAS No.

Dichlorovos Technical (DDVP)

Chloral 0.668 75-87-6

Tri Methyl Phosphate 0.561 512-56-1

Hexaconzole (T)

Dimethyl sulfate 0.482 77-78-1

Sodium sulfide 0.026 1313-82-2

DCVP[2,4-dichloro valerophenone ] 0.760 61023-66-3

Pot. Hydroxide 0.310 1310-58-3

1,2,4-Triazole 0.245 288-88-0

Pot. carbonate 0.045 584-08-7

DMF 1.210 68-12-2

Tebuconazole

1-(4 – Chlorophenyl) 4-4- Dimethyl -

3- Pentanoate 675

66346-01-8

Sodium Methoxide 162 124-41-4

Di Methyl Sulfide 186 75-18-3

Solvent - Toluene 1400 108-88-3

1,2,4 - Triazole 206 288-88-0

Solvent - DMF 1100 68-12-2

Propiconzole (T)

DMSO 1.800 108-88-3

Pot. Hydroxide 0.237 1310-58-3

1,2,4-Triazole 0.265 288-88-0

Bromoketal 1.210 1670-47-9

1,2,4 H Trizole

Hydrazine Hydrate 0.473 7803-57-8

Formic Acid 1.360 64-18-6

Ammonia Gas 0.253 7664-41-7

Xylene 0.080 1330-20-7

Profenofos (T)

o-Chloro phenol 0.398 95-57-8

Liquid bromine 0.485 7726-95-6

DETCl 0.566 2524-04-1

TMA 0.709 75-24-1

Propyl bromide 0.363 106-94-5

Sodium hydroxide 0.215 1310-73-2

Chloral

Ethyl Alcohol 0.624 64-17-5

Chlorine 1.925 7782-50-5

Sulfuric Acid (98%) 1.223 7664-93-9

Meta Chloro Propio Phenone (3-cpp)

Benzoic Acid 1.078 71-43-2

Aluminium Chloride 1.05 7446-70-0

Propionyl Chloride 0.816 79-03-8

Ethylene Dichloride 0.5 107-06-2

Chlorine Gas 0.421 7782-50-5

HCl 0.025 7647-01-0

Hexane 0.1 110-54-3

3-(Bromo ethyl)-2-chloro-4-(methyl sulfonyl) Benzoic Acid (PIA-4)

2-Chloro-6-(methyl thio) Toluene

(PIO)

0.535 82961-52-2

Ethylene Dichloride 2.25 107-06-2

Aluminium Chloride 0.3 7446-70-0

Acetyl Chloride 0.25 75-36-5

Methanol 1.5 67-56-1

Hydrogen Peroxide 0.315 7722-84-1

IPA (Special grade) 0.054 67-63-0

HCl 0.05 7647-01-0

Bromine 0.49 7726-95-6

Ortho Dichloro Benzene 1.0 95-50-1

S-Benzyl O, O Diisopropyl Phosphorothioate (PIZ)

http://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB8105015_EN.htm

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?term=64-17-5&interface=CAS%20No.&N=0&mode=partialmax&lang=en&region=IN&focus=product

Sodium diiospropyl phosphorothlate 0.64 12125-02-9

Benzyl Chloride 0.35 100-44-7

Toluene 0.33 108-88-3

Dimethyl Amine Hydrochloride

Dimethyl Amine (40%) 1.11 124-40-3

Dry HCl gas 0.56 7647-01-0

Iso Propyl Alcohol Hydrochloride

Iso Propyl Alcohol 0.75 67-63-0

Dry HCl gas 0.25 7647-01-0

Methaonolic Hydrochloride

Methanol 0.75 67-56-1

Dry HCl gas 0.25 7647-01-0

Ethyl Acetate Hydrochloride

Ethyl Acetate 0.671 141-78-6

Hydrochloric Acid 0.329 7647-01-0

Ethyl Alcohol Hydrochloride

Ethyl Alcohol 0.411 64-17-5

Dry HCL gas 0.59 7647-01-0

Propionyl chloride

Propionic Acid 0.8 79-09-4

Thionyl Chloride 1.46 779-09-4

Propiophenone

Propionyl Chloride 0.76 79-03-8

Benzoic Acid / Benzene 0.91 / 0.734 65-85-0 / 71-43-2

AlCl3 1.18 7446-70-0

2-Bromo 3-Chloro Propiophenone

Bromin Soln. 1.05 7726-95-6

3-Chloropropiophenone 0.64 936-59-4

Sodium Thiosulphate 3.19 7772-98-7

Methylene chloride 2.78 75-09-2

3-Methxy Propiophenone

3- Chloropropiophenone 1.02 936-59-4


3-Hydroxy Propiophenone

3- Chloropropiophenone 1.12 936-59-4

Sodium Hydroxide 0.27 1310-73-2

Cyano Acetic Acid

Mono Chloro Acetic Acid 1.11 79-11-8

NaCN 0.576 143-33-9

H2SO4 1.153 7664-93-9

Carbon 0.141 7440-44-0

Methyl isobutyl Ketone 1.178 108-10-1

7-Ethyl Tryptophol (7-ETP)

2-Ethyl phenyl hydrazine HCl 1.0 67843-74-7

2,3-dihydro furan 0.44 1191-99-7


Toluene 7.0 108-88-3

Na2CO3 0.04 497-19-8

Closantel Amine

4-Chloro Benzyl Cyanide 0.52 104-83-6

4-Chloro 2 Nitro Toluene 0.59 89-59-8

Methanol 0.11 67-56-1

KOH 0.193 1310-58-3

Sodium Hydrosulfide 0.193 16721-80-5

Toluene 0.316 108-88-3

Activated Carbon 0.041 7440-44-0

Fanvalrate 20% EC

Fanvalrate Tech. 0.225 51638-58-1

Xylene 0.61 1330-20-7

Emulsifier 0.165 97593-29-8

Chloropyriphos 20% EC

Chloropyriphos (T) 0.215 2921-88-2

Aromax C-9 0.725 64742-95-6

Emulsifier 0.06 97593-29-8

Chloropyriphos 48% EC

Chloropyriphos (T) 0.511 2921-88-2

Aromax C-9 0.409 64742-95-6

Emulsifier 0.08 97593-29-8

Cypermetherin 25% EC

Cypermetherin (T) 0.27 52315-07-8

Xylene 0.253 1330-20-7

Emulsifier 0.478 97593-29-8

Monocrotophos 36% EC

Monocrotophos (T) 0.27 6923-22-4

Cyclohexanone 0.2525 108-94-1

Cypermetherin 10% EC

Cypermetherin 0.093 52315-07-8

Aromax C-9 0.384 64742-95-6

Emulsifier 0.524 97593-29-8

Dichlorovos Technical (DDVP) 76% EC

Dichlorvos 0.83 62-73-7

Xylene or Aromax C-9 0.099 1330-20-7 or

64742-95-6

Emulsifier 0.071 97593-29-8

2,4,D Ethyl Ester 38% EC

2,4,D Ethyl Ester 0.4 533-23-3

Sulphonate & polyoxy ethelene ether 0.55 67/548/EEC-

Emulsifier 0.05 97593-29-8

Imida Chlopride 17.8% SL

Imidachlorprid (T) 0.178 138261-41-3

Dimethyl sulpfoxide 0.752 67-68-5

Emulsifier 0.07 97593-29-8

Methyl Parathion 50 % EC

Methyl Parathion (T) 0.625 299-00-0

Xylene 0.205 1330-20-7

Emulsifier 0.17 97593-29-8

Mancozeb 75 % WP

Mancozeb (T) 0.882 8018-01-7

Suspensioning Agent (Gum) 0.06 --

China Clay 0.0577 1332-58-7

Acephate 75 % SP

Acephate 0.75 30560-19-1

Aerosol OTB 0.005 577-11-7

Fine Silica 0.245 112945-52-5

Diethyl Ketone

Benzoic acid 0.91 65-85-0

Propionic Acid 1.65 79-09-4

Alumina 0.03 1344-28-1

Calcium Acetate 0.75 62-54-4

TBPO

NBA 0.698 71-36-3

POCL3 2.685 10025-87-3

Caustic Lye 1.185 1310-73-2

ANNEXURE-2

PLOT LAYOUT

ANNEXURE-3

BRIEF MANUFACTURING PROCESS DESCRIPTION

1. Dichlorovos Technical (DDVP):

Process Description:

Charge chloral required quantity and addition of Trimethyl phosphate slowly at 50 0C. After addition of

TMP charge epichlorohydrine and maintain the reaction mass under vaccum for about 3 hrs. until

impurities are within specification. Then pack the material.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

2) Hexaconzole (T)

Preparation of Trimethylsulfonium sulfate

Dimethyl sulfate is charged in dimethyl sulfide at 33 °C to form Trimethylsulfonium sulfate. 2, 4

Dichlorovalerophenone is reacted with Trimethylsulfonium sulfate in presence of potassium hydroxide

to form Oxirane. Solvent dimethyl sulfide is recovered by distillation and product (Oxirane) is separated

from potassium hydrogen sulfate. Water is added to dissolve salt and back extracted with methylene

dichloride and then, aqueous layer is transferred to ETP.1,2,4 1H-triazole and potassium hydroxide is

charged in DMF and previously prepared Oxirane is added at elevated temperature to form

Hexaconazole. After completion of reaction, organic phase is separated by filtration. Carbonate sludge is

washed with DMF and collected with organic filtrate. Sludge is transferred to solid waste DMF is distilled

out from reaction mass first at atmospheric distillation and then by vacuum distillation. Hexaconazole is

isolated from molten mass with help of water. Slurry is filtered, centrifuged and dried.

Chemical Reaction

Mass Balance

MATERIAL BALANCE-Hexaconazole Batch size (Final output): 1000 Kg

S.No Name of material Input Qty.

(Kg)

Product

Out put

Qty. (Kg)

Recovery Losses Total

Liquid Others

1 Dimethyl sulfate 482

1000

DMF loss

11488

2 Sodium sulfide 26 DMF Waste water 12

3 DCVP 760 1198.0 9278

4 Pot. Hydroxide 310

5 1,2,4-Triazole 245

6 Pot. carbonate 45

7 DMF 1210

8 Water 8410

1000.0 1198.0 9278.0 12.0

Total 11488 11488

3) Tebuconazole

Manufacturing Process:


Step -1

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-Dimethyl-3-Pentanone reacted with Sodium Methoxide & Dimethyl

Sulfide in presence of Toluene to get 2- [ 2-( 4- Chlorophenyl)ethyl ]-2-(1,1 – Di methyl ethyl )

Oxirane.

Step -2

2- [ 2-( 4- Chlorophenyl)ethyl ]-2-(1,1 – Di methyl ethyl ) Oxirane. is reacted with 1,2,4-Triazole in

presence of DMF to give final product TEBUCONAZOLE

Chemical Reaction

Cl

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-Dimethyl-3-

Pentanone224.5

+

Sodium Methoxide

54

+NaOH

40.0

STEP:1

Toluene

Intermediate-I

238.5

+

STEP:2

DMF

CH2 CH2 C CH3C

O CH3

CH3CH3ONa + CH3SCH3

Dimethyl Sulfide

62

Cl

CH2 CH2 C CH3C

OCH3

CH3

CH2

238.5

Cl

CH2 CH2 C CH3C

OCH3

CH3

CH2

1,2,4-Triazole

69

CH

N

N

CH

NH

Cl

CH2 CH2 C CH3C

OH CH3

CH3CH2

CH

N

N

CH

N

TEBUCONAZOLE

307.5

Material Balance / Mass Balance (All Quantities are in Kg)

IN- PUT OUT- PUT

Sr No Raw Materials / Items Kg/Batch Product / Bi Product Qty/Batch

1 1-(4 – Chlorophenyl) 4-4-

Dimethyl -3- Pentanoate 675 Tebuconazole 1000

2 Sodium Methoxide 162 Recovered Solvent - Toluene 1360

3 Di Methyl Sulfide 186 Solvent Loss - Toluene 40

4 Solvent - Toluene 1400 Methanol 95

5 1,2,4 - Triazole 206 20 % Sodium Methyl Sulfide 1048

6 Solvent - DMF 1100 Recovered Solvent - DMF 1070

7 Water 1690 Solvent loss - DMF 30

Aqueous Layer to ETP 768

Distillation Residue 14

Total 5419 5419

4) Propiconzole (T)


1, 2, 4-1H-Triazole and potassium hydroxide is charged in DMSO to form potassium salt of 1,2 4- 1H-

triazole. 2-Bromo-methyl-2-[(2, 4 dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl]-1, 3-dioxolan (Bromoketal) is gradually

added to DMSO containing potassium salt of Triazole. Temperature is raised and maintained for few

hours to complete the reaction. After completion of reaction solvent is removed by distillation. Residue

is washed with water and then crude Propiconazole is distilled to get technical grade Propiconazole.

Residue is transferred to ETP.

Chemical Reaction

Mass Balance

MATERIAL BALANCE-Propiconazole Batch size (Final output): 1000 Kg


(Kg)

Product

Output

Qty. (Kg)


Liquid Others

1 DMSO 1800

DMSO loss

2 Pot. Hydroxide 237 Bromoketal Waste water 20

3 1,2,4-Triazole 265 1000 1210 1480 Residue

5512 4 Bromoketal 1210 DMSO 22

5 Water 2000 1780

1000.0 2990.0 1480.0 42.0

Total 5512 5512

5). 1,2,4 H TRIZOLE


Charge Xylene and Hydrazine hydrate into the reactor. Start addition of Formic acid slowly below 60o

than purge Ammonia Gas slowly in 2 hrs than heat to reflux at 142- 145o b) Reaction Chemistry: C for 8

hrs, and continuously distilled out azeotrope of water and Xylene in receiver. Separate out water from

bottom and upper layer xylene is continuously transferred in to reactor for 8 hrs. Cool the reaction mass

at RT and filter it. Dry the wet cake in Dryer. Unload the product as 1, 2, 4 - Triazole.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

6) Profenofos


Reaction of o-Chlorophenol with bromine gives Bromo Chlorophenol (BCP). Bromo Chlorophenol (BCP)

with diethyl thiophosphoryl chloride (DETCl) in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to yield

intermediate A. Intermediate A and Trimethylamine, to give Q‐Salt. Finally reaction of Q‐salt with

n‐propyl bromide gives Profenofos technical.

Chemical Reaction

Mass Balance

MATERIAL BALANCE-Profenofos Batch size (Final output): 1000 Kg


(Kg)

Product

Output

Qty.(Kg)


Liquid Others

1 o-Chloro phenol 398

1000

Hydro Bromic

acid

7397

2 Liquid bromine 485 206

3 DETCl 566 TMA Organic

Impurity

4 TMA 709 212.2 448.9

5 Propyl bromide 363 Aqueous waste Sodium

bromide

6 Water 4661 5268 261.9

7 Sodium hydroxide 215

1000 5686.2 710.8

Total 7397 7397

7) Chloral:


Ethyl alcohol charge in to glass line reactor and chlorine is pass under control temp. condition. HCl gas is

being produced as a by-product which further react with ethyl alcohol and ethyl chloride is being

produced. HCl gas is being scrub into series of scrubber and ten in to caustic scrubber to get ethyl

chloride. Ethyl Chloride then condenses in minus temp and cylinders are being filled to sale as by-

product HCl 30% is also being recovered and sale as a by-product. Chlorinated mass alcoholate is treated

with sulfuric acid 98% for getting pure chloral. Sulfuric Acid is being regenerated as 75% acid and sale as

by-product.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Meta Chloro Propio Phenone (3-cpp):


Stage-1:

Friedel Craft Reaction – Charge Benzoic Acid / Benzene and catalyst in GLR and cool at 10-12 0C. Add

propionyl chloride slowly keep temperature at <12 0C.

Distillation – Apply vaccum and distill propiophenone.

Stage-2:

Chlorination – Charge required quantity of solvent (EDC) cool to 10 0C then charged reactant

propiophenone and again chilled to 4 0C then start slow addition of catalyst AlCl3 with controlling

temperature after completion of catalyst charging purged chlorine with control rate and temperature

then quench the reaction in dilute HCl maintaining temperature belo 20 0C.

Solvent recovery & Fraction Distillation – Washed neutral organic layer to be taken for atmosphere

solvent recovery after completion of solvent recovery start & complete high vaccum, high temperature

fraction distillation to get dilute MCPP.

Centrifugation – Dilute MCPP is centrifuge to get wet cake of crude MCPP and after drying get pure

product.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Stage-1

Benzoic Acid /

3-(Bromo ethyl)-2-chloro-4-(methyl sulfonyl) Benzoic Acid (PIA-4)


Charge (EDC) in GLR. Check sample for m/c. Charge catalyst cool the mass with CHW up to 10-15 0C and

start addition of Acetyl Chloride. Maintain temp. under stirring and start feeding of PIA. Stir the mass for

3.0 hrs. at same temp. Send sample for QC. After confirming result quench the mass in other GLR.

Receive concentrate organic mass from SSR. Charge (catalyst) soln. Apply heating. Do the addition of

H2SO4 by maintaining temp. at 65-65 0C. Give sample after getting result start cooling transfer mass to

GLR. Flush reactor to GLR.

Receive organic mass from GLR in crystallizer. Cool the mass and maintain temp. to 32-35 0C. Start

addition of HCl. Do the sample for pH it should be < 1.0. Do the centrifuging lot. Collect aqueous in tank

for recovery. Give the wash of DM Water. Unload wet cake. Do the drying in RVD after drying fill up the

drums in 50 Kg.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

S-Benzyl O, O Diisopropyl Phosphorothioate (PIZ):


Charge PIZ-001 (Ammonium Salt) in GLR maintain temp. 25 to 30 oC by chilling water to adjust pH by PIZ-

002 (HCl) to 6.5 to 6.8 – maintain for 1.3 hr.-charge PIZ-003 & 004 (Toluene and Benzyl Chloride) – heat

the mass upto 80-85 oC – maintain it for 2.3 to 3 hr – send sample for GC – settle the mass for 1.0 hr at

75 to 8 oC – separate the bottom aqueous – retain organic mass in GLR – Charge DM water under

agitation – settle mass for 1 hr – separate bottom organic mass in GLR – start vacuum and heating to

recovered PIZ-003 (Toluene) by maintain temp and vacuum – send sample to QC – fill up the drums for

final packing.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Dimethyl Amine Hydrochloride:


Take 40 % solution of DMA in GLR and start Dry HCL gas Purging at Room temperature and adjust

pH 5.5 keep 1 hour stirring then distilled Out water from Reaction mixture after water distillation

residual Reaction Mass to be Crystallized . Centrifuge and Dry the material till moisture level Comes

below 0.10 %. Final product will be packed in LDPE Bags having PVC auto sealed Liner inside.

Chemical Reaction:

(CH3)2.N + HCl(g) (CH3)2.NHCl

Mass Balance:

40 % DMA solution 500 kg Dry HCL gas 250 kg

Wet cake 475 kg

GLR

Crystaliser SSTD

Tray

Dryer

This water will be feed

to scrubber system

275 kg water

for HCl

Drying Loss 25 kg

Dry weight 450 kg DMA.HCl

Iso Propyl Alcohol Hydrochloride (IPA HCL):


Dry HCL gas is injected to IPA to get IPA HCl and monitoring the Assay by Keeping Law temperature of

Reaction mass. After achieving Desired Results material is packed in HDPE Drums and sealed with Plaster

of Paris.

Chemical Reaction:

(CH3)2.CHOH + HCl(g) CH3.CH2.CH2.OH .HCl

Mass Balance:

IPA Dry HCL gas of chloral

1200 kg plant 400 kg

Assay 18 % to 25 %

As per Demand

GLR

25% IPA.HCl

1600 kg

Methanolic Hydrochloride:


Dry HCL gas is injected to Methanol to get Methaonolic HCL and monitoring the Assay by Keeping Law

temperature of Reaction mass. After achieving Desired Results material is packed in HDPE Drums and

sealed with Plaster of Paris.

Chemical Reaction:

CH3OH + HCl(g) CH3OH .HCl

Mass Balance:

Methanol Dry HCL gas of chloral

1200 kg plant 400 kg

Assay 18 % to 25 %

As per Demand

GLR

25% MeOH.HCl

1600 kg

Ethyl Acetate Hydrochloride:


Dry HCL gas Is injected to Ethylacetate to get Ethylacetate Hydrochloride and monitoring the Assay by

Keeping low temperature of Reaction mass. After Achieving of desire results Material is packed in HDPE

Drums and sealed with Plaster of paris.

Chemical Reaction:

+ HCl (g) C4H8O2 .HCL

C4H8O2 Hydrogen chloride gas Ethylacetate Hydrochloride

Ethylacetate

Mass Balance:

Ethyl Acetate (671 kg)

Hydrochloric acid (329 kg)

REACTION

Ethylacetate Hydrochloride

(1000 kg)

Ethyl Alcohol Hydrochloride:


Dry HCL gas Is injected to Ethyl alcohol to get Ethyl alcohol Hydrochloride and monitoring the Assay by

Keeping low temperature of Reaction mass. After Achieving of desire results Material is packed in HDPE

Drums and sealed with Plaster of Paris.

Chemical Reaction:

C2H5OH + HCl (g) C2H5OH.HCl

Ethyl Alcohol Hydrogen chloride gas Ethyl Alcohol Hydrochloride

M.W. = 46 M.W. = 36.5 M.W = 82.5

Mass Balance:

Ethyl Alcohol (460 kg)

Hydrochloric acid (658 kg)

Ethyl Alcohol Hydrochloride

(1118 kg )

REACTION

Propionyl chloride:


Propionic acid reacted with thionyl chloride produce propionyl chloride and sulfuric acid.

Chemical Reaction:

O

OHCH3 +2

SO2Cl2

O

ClCH32 + H2SO4

Propionic AcidM.W. 74

Thionyl ChlorideM.W. 135

Propionyl Chloride M.W. 92.5

Sulfuric AcidM.W. 98

Mass Balance:

Propionic Acid (296 Kg) H2SO4 (392 Kg)

Thionyl Chloride (540 Kg)

Propionyl Chloride (370 Kg)

REACTION

Propionyl Chloride (900 Kg)

Addition of PC Hcl gas (322kg)

Benzoic acid / Benzene

(1078 kg / 875 kg)

Catalyst / Alcl3

(50 kg / 1400 kg) 30 to32% Hcl Soln Bi product(Qty 976 kg)

Chilled water (250kg) Co2 gas (388 kg)

Catalyst for Re use

Water (250 kg) - Reuse

Propiophenone (1184 kg)

GLR – 301

(3KL)

GLR – 211 (4 KL)

GLR-03 (10 KL)

Quenching

SSR-01 (5 KL)

Distillation (1434 kg)

Scrubber

(Water)

654 kg

C/F (for

Catalyst

Recovery &

Re use)

HDPE Tank-1.5 KL

(Product) - 1434 kg

Propiophenone:


Charge Propionyl chloride and Benzoic acid / Benzene in to GLR. In presence of aluminium chloride they

reaction occur. It generates HCl gas which scrubs in water scrubber. Reaction mass is quenched with

chilled water which further goes for catalyst recovery. Thereafter distillation is carried out to distilled

water and remaining is product.

Mass Balance:

2-Bromo 3-Chloro Propiophenone:


Dissolved 3’-Chloropropiophenone in Dichloromethane and stirring the Reaction mass for 10-15 min.at

25-35°C temperature. Then add prior prepared bromine solution to reaction mass within 3-4 hours with

temperature control.then maintain the reaction mass 45 min.with temperature control.

Then wash with process water and separate the bottam organic layer in RBF and discard the aq.layer.

then wash with sodium thiosulphate solution and agains separate the bottam organics layer in RBF and

discard the aq.layer. then wash the reaction mass with process water and separate the bottam organic

layer and discard the aq.layer.

Filter the reaction mass through celite bed and wash with Dichloromethane. Then distilled out

dichloromethane atmospherically completely.

Then apply the vacuum for removal of traces of solvent for 45 min. at 50°C and get the final product 2-

Bromo-3’-chloropropiophenone then packed in HDPE drums

Chemical Reaction:

+ Br2 Br + HBr

Cl Cl

Mass Balance:

Bromin soln. 190 kg Process Water 500 lit.

3-CPP 115 kg MDC 460 lit.

Recovery and recycle

Sodium Thiosulphate Aq.layer 550 lit.

Solution 575 lit.

ETP

Process water 500 lit. Aq.layer 575 lit.

Reactor

Separator

Reactor

Separator

Reactor

Separator

ETP

ETP

Aq.layer 575 lit.

MDC 510 lit.

Distilled MDC

510 lit.

180 kg 2-Bromo-3-chloropropiophenone

Organic layer

O

CH3

Cl

3'- ChloropropiophenoneM.W.168.62

C9H

9ClO

+ CH3OH

Metanol M.W.32.04

- HCl

3-Methoxy Propiophenone:


3- Chloropropiophenone reacts with methanol generates 3- Methoxy propiophenone and HCl.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

3- Chloropropiophenone (674.48 Kg)

Methanol (128.16 Kg) HCl (18.04 Kg)

3’- Methoxy propiophenone (656.08 Kg)

REACTION

3-Hydroxy Propiophenone:


3- Chloropropiophenone reacts with NaOH generates 3- Hydroxy propiophenone and NaCl.

Chemical Reaction:

O

CH3

Cl

+ NaOH

O

CH3

OH

+ NaCl

3'- ChloropropiophenoneM.W.168.62

C9H

9ClO

Sodium hydroxideM.W. 40

3'- Hydroxy ChloropropiophenoneM.W.150.12

C9H

9O

2H

Sodium chlorideM.W. 58.5

Mass Balance:

3- Chloropropiophenone (674.48 Kg)

Sodium hydroxide (160 Kg) NaCl (234 Kg)

3’- Hydroxy Chloropropiophenone (600.48 Kg)

REACTION

Cyano Acetic Acid:


Monochloro acetic acid is taken into reactor. Add water to make liquid. Heat mass to 50 oC. Then add

sodium cyanide cake slowly. Keeping temp. below 70 oC. Check absence of sodium cyanide by TLC. Also

check cyanide content is nil through cyanide test. Once reaction is completed, cool the mass. The mass is

washed with sulfuric acid to remove impurities. Take organic layer for extraction using MIBK as solvent

to receive pure CAA in MIBK leaving sodium Chloride in aqueous soln. MIBK containing CAA is distilled to

remove MIBK. Cool and chill mass up to 10 oC. Centrifuge pure crystals. Recycle ML for next batch. Dry

crystals.

Chemical Reaction:

NaCN + + NaCl

O Cl

OH

O CN

OH

H2SO4

MIBK

Mass Balance:

Charging Vessels

Carbon Treatment

Extraction

ETP

1000 Kg

Solvent Recovery

Crystallizer

C/F

ETP

773 Kg

Mono Chloro Acetic Acid 1110 Kg

NaCN 576 Kg

H2SO4 1153 Kg

Carbon 141 Kg

MIBK 1178 Kg

Recycle

1175 Kg

CAA

1000 Kg

Dyer Loss

210 Kg

NHNH2HCl

O+ DMAC

NH

H2O

OH

+ HCl + NH 3

2-Ethyl phenyl hydrazine HCl 2,3-Dihydrofuran 7-Ethyl Tryptophol

7-Ethyl Tryptophol (7-ETP):


To stirred solution of 2-ethyl phenyl hydrazine HCl and DMAc-H2O. Dropwise add 2,3 dihydro furan at

25-30 oC. Heat the mass upto 50 oC and stirred for 30 min. Completion of reaction is monitored by TLC.

Add conc. H2SO4 at 50 oC and maintain reaction mass for 3-4 hrs. After completion of reaction mixure is

allowed to cool to RT. Adjust pH 4-5 by using dilute Na2CO3 soln. and then extract with MDC. Crude

distilled out and cool to get yellow colour product.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

D. M. water 500 lit. EPH 250 kg

2,3-dihydro furan Toluene 1750 lit.

110 kg Methanol 50 kg Catalyst 10 kg

Layer separation

Recovery and recycle

Tar layer 2170 lit. Aq. layer 500 lit.

Toluene 600 lit.

Reactor

Reactor

Separator

Extracture

Organic layer Aq. layer 500 lit.

Toluene 2300 lit.

Recycle

Recycle

Inter Cut 140 kg

7-ETP 250 kg

Solvent recovery

Fractional distillation

Lower cut 80

kg.

Cl

N

+

ClN+

O + CH3OH + KOHCH3OH

+ NaHS

Cl Cl

CN

CH3

NH2

+ O2

4-Chloro Benzyl 4-Chloro-2-nitro- Closantel Amine Cyanide toluene

M.W. 151.59 171.58 291.14 32

C8H6ClN C 7H6ClNO2 C15H12N2Cl2

Closantel Amine


4-Chlorobenzyl Cyanide and 4-Chloro Nitro Toluene is added into reactor. Methanol is added and heat

upto 50 oC. Add solution of hydrosulfite powder as catalyst slowly. Keeping temp below 50 oC. Add

potassium hydroxide flakes into reactor and reflux mass for 12 hrs. Check completion of reaction. If

traces of PCBC seen, further reflux till it is absent. Cool product and add DM water into it. Stir the

product and then centrifuge product. Allow to settle layer. Remove organic layer and filter mass. Collect

filtrate in distillation vessel. Remove toluene by distillation. Centrifuge the mass. Collect wet cake and

dry it.

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

SS Reactor

4-Chloro Benzyl Cyanide 520 Kg

4-Chloro 2 Nitro Toluene 590 Kg

SS Reactor

Methanol 110 Kg

KOH 193 Kg

NaHS 193 Kg

Centrifuge DM Water 62 Kg

SS Reactor

Toluene 316 Kg

Activated Carbon 41 Kg

Filter

SS Crystallizer Toluene 311 Kg Recovered

Dryer

Closantel Amine

1000 Kg

Loss 100 Kg

Aq. Layer 573 Kg

Activated Carbon 41 Kg

Diethyl Ketone:


Propiophenone and diethyl ketone is produced by the reaction between Propionic acid and benzoic acid.

The reaction involves 1 mole of benzoic acid addition with 3 moles of Propionic acid. The reaction is

followed by addition of benzoic acid using alumina on calcium acetate (1-5%) as catalyst. The reaction

product is Propiophenone and diethyl ketone with some amount of water and carbon di oxide.

Chemical Reaction:

C6H5COOH + 3C2H5COOH (122 + 3*74) 344

Calcium acetate ↓ Al2O3 (Catalyst)

C6H6COC2H5 + C2H5COC2H5 + 2CO2↑ + 2H2O (134 + 86 + 88 + 36) 344

Benzoic acid

+

PA

→

Propiophenone

+

Diethyl Ketone

+

CO2

+

H2O

Mass Balance:

Sr. No. Input Quantity (Kg) Output Quantity (Kg)

1 Benzoic acid 122 Diethyl Ketone 134

2 Propionic acid 222 3-Pentanone 86

3 alumina 5 Water 143

4 calcium acetate 102 Loss 88

Total 451 Total 451

TBPO (Tri Butyl Phosphate):


STAGE 1:- REACTION OF POCL3 AND n-BUTANOL

1. Check reactor should be clean and dry. Bottom valve should be close. Open the vent of the

reactor and flush system with N2. Reflux line should be closed. Check sufficient quantity of

POCL3 available in Holding Tank.

2. Charge 2685 kg n-BUTANOL via mass flow meter. Note down initial and final reading of mass

flow meter.

3. After receiving n-BUTANOL start stirring and intercirculation in Reactor and submit sample for

moisture analysis.

4. Apply brine into the reactor jacket to achieve mass temp 5.C.

5. Start addition of POCL3 698kg at the dip of mass via MFM. By maintaining temp <20.C under N2.

Maintain the temp.

6. After POCL3 addition cook mass for 6hr. during cooking mass temp. Self-rise up to 25-30.C if

require apply cooling and maintain the temp.

7. After 6hr cooking start intercirculation by pump and submit sample for analysis. DBPO should be

<0.25% if more than further cooks and submits the sample.

8. After achieve result ok apply brine to cool the reaction mass and start transferring to

neutralization reactor By pump also start brine in reactor before transferring

.

STAGE 2:- NEUTRALIZATION AND WASHING

15% CAUSTIC WASH

1. After receiving all reaction mass from Pocl3 Addition Reactor cool the mass up to 10.C.

2. Then start addition of 3805 kg 15% caustic solution from Holding Tank

3. Complete the addition within 9-10hr below mass temp 27.C.

4. After addition of required quantity of 15%NAOH solution check PH should be 12-13. If not then add

more 15%NAOH solution to set PH

5. After set PH stirr mass for 1hr then stop stirring and allow mass for 1hr.

6. Carefully separate bottom aqueous layer and transfer it to Holding Tank

(At the end of acquis layer emulsion is found in glass pot. take emulsion in organic layer)

Bottom acquis layer = 3565 litre (12-13ph) (density 1.15)

WATER WASHING:-

1. After complete separation of bottom aq. layer close bottom valve of Reactor, charge 900 litre

water. In same reactor via mass flow meter.

2. After water addition stirr mass for 1hr.

3. Carefully separate bottom aq. layer and transfer it to Holding Tank Take emulsion in organic layer.

AQ. LAYER (BOTTOM) = 855 litre

(PH = 7-10.5) (DENSITY= 1) During settling submit sample for PH analysis should be <10.5. If PH

>10.5 than give further one water wash of 900litre.

1. After complete separation of aq. layer transfer organic layer to holding tank

Organic layer = 3770 litre

Organic Layer M/C : 9-11 %

(Density = 0.89-0.9)

STAGE - 3:- n-BUTANOL RECOVERY AND PRODUCT DISTILLATION

2. Reactor should be clean. Bottom valve should be closed. Open the vent of the reactor.

3. Take organic layer from Holding Tank in reactor after receiving organic layer start FFE pump and

circulation.

4. Then apply vacuum by 1st stage ejector.

5. After applying vacuum start hot oil circulation in FFE only and put hot oil set point 150 .c.

6. Start 100% collection in 1st cut as acquis n-butanol in holding tank in the temp. Range 35-120.c

mass temp. And vapour temp. 35-80.c. vacuum 615-635mmhg.

7. After achieve mass temp. 120. C and no collection of 1stcut then stop FFE and apply heating in R-

2510 only.

8. Then slowly increase vacuum by apply 2nd stage ejector. Also increase hot oil set point to 170 .c.

again collection starts and its collect in 1stcut.

9. Slowly recovery rate decrease and stops recovery then stop collection in 1stcut and start collection

in intercut tank. Vacuum 730-745mmhg. Collected aq. N-butanol in holding tank is used after

dry in distillation columns

10. Apply further 3rd and 4th stage ejector vacuum and increase hot oil set point 185.c.

11. Again recovery starts and collection continue in intercut up to vapour temp. 120. C (vacuum 755-

758mmhg).

12. After achieve vapour temp. 120. C start reflux and set reflux and collection as max. Reflux and

minimum reflux. (Set reflux and collection by only reflux valve and put collection min. as rota

meter flow movement below 50lit/hr rate).

13. Once vapour temp. Stable (approx. 125-130.c depends on vacuum) submit sample of online distilled

TBPO for n-butanol content by GC should be <3% and put under 100% reflux.

14. If result not ok then further collect in intercut for 15min and submit sample.

15. After getting result ok stop collection in intercut and start 100% collection in final cut tank Increase

oil set point up to 220.c and at the end of recovery

16. Once recovery stops apply cooling in to the reactor after achieve reactor temp. 100. C then charge

450lit aq. effluent from holding tank

17. Stirr to complete dissolve residue and after dissolve residue drain it to tank

18. Weight of distilled final cut TBPO is 1000kg.

19. Submit the sample for complete analysis.

20. After analysis ok transfer it to storage tank

Process Operation:

N-BUTANOL Caustic Lye (15%)

POCL3 Recycle DM water

TBPO TO STORAGE TANK

Drum Salt

Chemical Reaction:

Mass Balance:

Sr. No. Input Quantity (Kg) Output Quantity (Kg)

1 N-Butanol 698 TBPO 1000

2 POCL3 2685 N-Butanol Recovered 1500

3 Caustic Lye (15%) 3805 N-Butanol Loss 1185

4 DM Water 900 Water 4388

5 Dist. Residue 15

Total 8088 Total 8088

3C4H9OH + POCL3 (C4H9O) 3P=O + 3HCL(3*74=222) 153.5 266 (3*36.5=109.5)

3HCL + 3NAOH 3NACL + 3H2O

109.5 (3*40=120) (3*58.5=175.5) (3*18=54)

CHEMICAL REACTION

ANNEXURE-4

DETAILS OF WATER CONSUMPTION & WASTE WATER GENERATION

SR.

NO.

DESCRIPTION EXISTING (KL/Day) TOTAL AFTER PROPOSED EXPANSION

(KL/Day)

WATER

CONSUMPTION

WASTE WATER

GENERATION

WATER

CONSUMPTION

WASTE WATER

GENERATION

1 Process 0.01 0.008* 45.0 40.0

2 Boiler 15.0 3.5 15.0 3.5

3 Cooling & Chilling 5.0 1.274 25.0 6.5

4 Washing 1.6 1.6 5.0 5.0

5 Scrubber/APCM 23.09 -- 54.0 --

Total Industrial

44.7 6.382 – 0.008 =

6.374

144 55.00

7 Domestic 5.5 5 # 24.5 23.5 #

8 Gardening -- -- 10.5 --

Grand Total 50.2 11.374 179.0 78.5

* Water is reused in process (Product: Meta Chloro Propio Phenone).

# Domestic waste water is & will be disposed of through septic tank & soak pit.

WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM:

CETP, M/s. PETL for further treatment

Raw Water: 167 KL/Day from GIDC (Fresh – 144 KL/Day + Reuse-44 KL/Day)

Domestic:

24.5 KL/Day

Process: 45

KL/Day

Boiler: 15

KL/Day

Washing: 5

KL/Day Gardening:

10 KL/Day

Soak Pit &

Septic Tank:

23.5 KL/Day

40 KLD 3.5 KL/Day 6.5 KL/Day

ETP: 6.3 KL/Day

Cooling

Tower: 25

KL/Day

5 KL/Day

48.7 KL/Day Solvent

Stripper MEE

Condensate: 44.00 KL/Day

MEE Salt: 2.0 MT/Day

TSDF site Spent Solvent: 1.70

MT/Day Common

Incineration site

Scrubber-

54 KL/Day

ANNEXURE-5

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

In existing, M/s. Wanksons Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. has an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) of primary

treatment (neutralization) facility. Treated effluent sends to Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) of

M/s. Panoli Enviro Technology Ltd. (PETL), Panoli for further treatment and disposal.

EXISTING ETP FLOW DIAGRAM:

5 KL

Equalization cum

Neutralization Tank

Raw Effluent

5 KL

Equalization cum

Neutralization Tank

5 KL

Equalization cum

Neutralization Tank

Caustic

Filter Press

30 KL

Raw Effluent Storage

Tank

Near 3-CPP Plant

10 KL

Treated Effluent

Storage Tank

10 KL

Treated Effluent

Storage Tank

10 KL

Treated Effluent

Storage Tank

PETL, Panoli

PROPOSED ETP FLOW DIAGRAM:

DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

Capacity of ETP= 50 KL/Day

Wastewater shall be collected in Equalization cum Neutralization tank (ENT-01) where the continuous

addition and stirring of Caustic solution is done to maintain neutral pH of wastewater from Caustic

Dosing Tank (CDT-01) as per requirement by gravity. Mixer is provided in the ENT-01 to keep all

suspended solids in suspension and for proper mixing.

Then, neutralized wastewater shall be pump to Primary Settling Tank (PST-1). Alum and Polyelectrolyte

shall be dosed from Alum Dosing Tank (ADT-01) and Polyelectrolyte Dosing Tank (PEDT-01) respectively

by gravity into PST-01 to carry out coagulation by using a Mixer. Then Mixer is stopped and effluent is

allowed to settle in Primary Settling Tank (PST-01). After Primary treatment, Clear supernatant from

PST-01 shall be collected in Treated Effluent Sump (TES-01) before sent to In-house MEE for further

treatment.MEE condensate will reuse in plant premises.

Sludge settled in PST-01 shall be collected in Sludge Drying Beds (SDBs-01-A/B) where, dewatering shall

be carried out before storage in HWSA and ultimate disposal to TSDF.

The Domestic wastewater is disposed of through septic tank & soak pit.

Size of Tanks

S.N. Name of unit Size (m x m x m) No. MOC/ Remark

50 m3/Day

1 Collection cum Neutralization Tank

(CNT-01)

3.5 m x 3.5 m x

(2.5 m+0.5 FB) 1

RCC M30+A/A Bk.

Lining

2 Primary Settling Tank (PST-01) 2.0 m x 2.0 m x

(1.7 m + 0.5 HB+0.5 FB) 1

RCC M25+A/A Bk.

Lining

3 Treated Effluent Sump (TES-01) 3.5 m x 3.5 m x

(2.5 m+0.5 FB) 1 RCC M25

4 Sludge Drying Beds (SDBs-01-A/B) 3.0m x 2.0 m 2 RCC M25

5 Caustic Dosing Tank (CDT-01) 500 Lit 1 HDPE

6 Alum Dosing Tank (ADT-01) 500 Lit 1 HDPE

7 Poly Dosing Tank (PEDT-01) 250 Lit 1 HDPE

8 Multiple Effective Evaporator (MEE) 30 m3/D 1 SS

RCC M25 = REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (M 25 GRADE) PCC = PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE PP = POLYPROPELENE MSEP = MILD STEEL EPOXY PAINTED SS = STAINLESS STEEL

EXPECTED CHARACTERISTIC OF EFFLUENT (STREAM-I)

Sr. No. Category of Wastewater Before Treatment After Treatment

1 pH 3.5-6.5 6.5-8.0

2 COD (mg/L) 5000 3000

3 BOD3 (mg/L) 2000 1000

4 TDS (mg/L) 3500 3500

5 Ammonical Nitrogen (mg/L) 50 20

EXPECTED CHARACTERISTIC OF EFFLUENT (STREAM-II)

Sr. No. Category of Wastewater Before Treatment

1 pH 2-10

2 COD (mg/L) 45000

3 BOD3 (mg/L) 12000

4 TDS (mg/L) 40000

5 Ammonical Nitrogen (mg/L) 100

Flow Diagram:

ANNEXURE-6

DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS/SOLID WASTE GENERATION, MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL

SR.

NO.

TYPE OF WASTE CATEGORY

NO.

QUANTITY MODE OF

DISPOSAL EXISTING

(As per current

CC&A)

TOTAL AFTER

PROPOSED

EXPANSION

TOTAL AFTER

PROPOSED

EXPANSION

1 Used oil 5.1 0.008 MT/Month 0.092

MT/Month

0.092 MT/Month Collection,

Storage & sell to

MoEF/GPCB

approved vendor.

2 Discarded

Drums/Carboys/HD

PE Bags/liners

33.1 1.6 MT/Month

(30 #/Month)

92 Nos./Month 92 Nos./Month

1.6 MT/ Month

Collection,

Storage,

Decontamination

& sell to GPCB

authorized

vendor.

3 ETP sludge 35.3 0.41 MT/Month 2.91 MT/Month 4.0 MT/Month Collection,

Storage & send to

common TSDF site

of M/s. BEIL, or

M/s. SEPPL.

4 Distillation Residue 20.3 -- 9.16 MT/Month 15 MT/Month Collection,

Storage & send to

CHWIF of M/s.

BEIL or sell to

cement industries

for co-processing.

5 Spent Solvent from

Striper

-- -- -- 50 MT/Month Collection,

Storage & send to

CHWIF of M/s.

BEIL or sell to

cement industries

for co-processing.

6 MEE Salt 35.3 -- -- 60 MT/Month Collection,

Storage & send to

common TSDF site

of M/s. BEIL, or

M/s. SEPPL.

ANNEXURE-7

POWER AND FUEL REQUIREMENTS

1. Power Requirement

Sr.

No.

Requirement Source

Existing Total After

Proposed

Expansion

Existing After Proposed Expansion

1. 1000 KVA 1000 KVA 1. DGVCL (GEB)

2. D.G. Set - 1 no.

1. 350 KVA capacity

(emergency standby)

2. DGVCL (GEB)

3. D.G. Sets - 3 nos.

- 500 KVA capacity (1 Nos.)



(emergency standby)

2. Fuel Requirement

Sr. No.

Fuel Requirement (to be used in emergency only)

Existing Total After Proposed Expansion

1. Natural Gas 2290 SM3/day* (206 SM3/day)**

2890 SM3/day

2. Diesel 90 Liter/hr.* (20 Liter/hr.)**

235 Liter/hr.

* Actual quantity used

** Typographic error in current CC&A valid up to 4/4/2019.

ANNEXURE-8

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL STORAGE AND HANDLING DETAILS

Sr. No.

Name of Hazardous chemical

Quantity Places of its Storage

(Storage tank /drums

/cylinders /barrels)

No. of Storages

Places of its Storage

State Type of Hazards

Control measures provided

Max. that Can be Stored

Actually stored

1. Toluene 10 KL 8 KL Tank 1 Tank Farm Area

Liquid Flammable/ Toxic

1. Closed handling and transferring systems for Hazardous chemicals.

2. Dyke walls and material collection systems are provided to all material storage tanks.

3. Fire Extinguishers and absorbents will be available near storage tanks and storage area.

4. Drums to be stored on pallet with the suitable trap.

2. Methanol 12 KL 12 KL Drums 60 # Storage Area Liquid Flammable

3. Chlorine 900 Kg (60 x 900 Kg) Tonner 60 # (54 MT)

Storage Area Liquid Flammable

4. Sodium Methoxide

4 MT 4 MT Bags 80 # Storage Area Liquid Flammable

5. Bromine 3 MT 3 MT Glass Bottle 1000 # Storage Area Liquid Toxic & Corrosive

6. HCl (30-32%)

125 KL 125 KL PP Storage Tank

5 Tank Farm Area

Liquid Corrosive

7. H2SO4 (98%) 40 KL 40 KL Storage Tank (20 KL)

2 Tank Farm Area

Liquid Corrosive

8. Ethyl Alcohol 330 KL 256 KL Storage Tank 5 Tank Farm Area

Liquid Flammable

9. Thionyl Chloride

5 MT 5 MT Drums 25 # Storage Area Liquid Toxic & Corrosive

10 Benzene 10 KL 10 KL Tank 1 Tank Farm Area

Liquid Flammable

11 IPA 10 MT 10 MT Drums 50 # Storage Area Liquid Flammable

12 o-Xylene 1 MT 1 MT Drums 5 # Storage Area Liquid Flammable

13 MDC 3 MT 3 MT Drums 15 # Storage Area Liquid Flammable

ANNEXURE-9

DETAILS OF SOURCE OF EMISSION

Sr. No.

Stack/Vent attached to Stack Height (meter)

Stack Diameter (meter)

Fuel name & Quantity

Type of Emission

APCM

Existing

1 Boiler (3 TPH)

30 # 0.406 Natural Gas 2290 SM3/day*

(206 SM3/day)**

PM SO2 NOx

--

2 Process Vent (Chlorinator & Distillation Reactor)

13 0.15

-- HCl Cl2

Existing Water Scrubbers (4 Nos.) + Caustic Scrubber (1 Nos.)

+ Additional (Proposed)

Water Scrubber (1 Nos.) + Caustic Scrubber (1 Nos.)

3 Dust Collector (Power – Formulation Unit)

20 0.15 -- PM SO2 NOx

--

4 D.G. Set (350 KVA) (Use in emergency only.)

-- -- Diesel 90 Liter/hr.*

(20 Liter/hr.)**

PM SO2 NOx

--

Proposed

5 Thermc Fluid Heater (4 Lac Kcal/hr)

30 # 0.406 Natural Gas (200 SM3/day)

--

6 D.G. Set (380 KVA) (To be use in emergency only.)

-- -- Diesel 90 Liter/hr.

PM SO2 NOx

--

7 D.G. Set (250 KVA) (To be use in emergency only.)

-- -- Diesel 55 Liter/hr.

PM SO2 NOx

--

* Actual quantity used.

** Typographic error in current CC&A valid up to 4/4/2019.

# Common stack between existing boiler and proposed thermic fluid heater.

ANNEXURE - 10

SOCIO - ECONOMIC IMPACTS

1) EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

The manpower requirement is expected to generate some permanent jobs and secondary jobs for the

operation and maintenance of plant. This will increase direct/indirect employment opportunities and

ancillary business development to some extent for the local population. This phase is expected to create a

beneficial impact on the local socio-economic environment.

2) INDUSTRIES

Require raw materials and skilled & unskilled laborers will be utilized maximum from local area. The

increasing industrial activity will boost the commercial and economical status of the locality, to some

extent.

3) PUBLIC HEALTH

The company will regularly examine, inspects and tests its emission from sources to make sure that the

emission will keep below the permissible limit. Hence, there will not be any significant change in the

status of sanitation and the community health of the area, as sufficient measures will be taken under the

EMP.

4) TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION

Since the existing Panoli GIDC estate is having proper linkage for transport and communication, the

development of this project will not cause any additional impact.

In brief, as a result of the proposed project, there will be no adverse impact on sanitation, communication

and community health, as sufficient measures will be proposed to be taken under the EMP. Hence,

proposed project is not expected to make any significant change in the existing status of the socio -

economic environment of this region.

ANNEXURE – 11

PROPOSED DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCE

1. Project Description

Justification of project.

Promoters and their back ground

Project site location along with site map of 10 km area and site details providing various industries,

surface water bodies, forests etc.

Project cost

Project location and Plant layout.

Infrastructure facilities

Water source and utilization including water balance.

List of Products & their production capacity

Details of manufacturing process of proposed products

List of hazardous chemicals

Storage and Transportation of raw materials and products.

2. Description of the Environment and Baseline Data Collection

Micrometeorological data for wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity and rainfall in 5 km area.

Other industries in the impact area

Prevailing environment quality standards

Existing environmental status vis a vis air, water, noise, soil in 10 km area from the project site.

Ground water quality at 5-6 locations within 10 km.

Complete water balance

3. Socio Economic Data

Existing socio-economic status, land use pattern and infrastructure facilities available in the study

area were surveyed.

4. Impacts Identification and Mitigatory Measures

Identification of impacting activities from the proposed project during construction and operational

phase.

Impact on air and mitigation measures including green belt

Impact on water environment and mitigation measures

Soil pollution source and mitigation measures

Noise generation and control.

Hazardous/Solid waste quantification and disposal.

Control of fugitive emissions

5. Environmental Management Plan

Details of pollution control measures

Environment management team

Proposed schedule for environmental monitoring including

6. Risk Assessment

Objectives, Philosophy and methodology of risk assessment

Details on storage facilities

Process safety, transportation, fire fighting systems, safety features and emergency capabilities to be

adopted.

Identification of hazards

Consequence analysis

Recommendations on the basis of risk assessment done

Disaster Management Plan.

7. Information for Control of Fugitive Emissions

8. Information on Rain Water Harvesting

9. Green Belt Development plan

ANNEXURE – 12

COPY OF LAND POSSESSION / PLOT ALLOTMENT LETTER

ANNEXURE – 13

COPY OF CETP AND SPRAY DRYER MEMBERSHIP LETTER

ANNEXURE – 14

COPY OF COMMON TSDF & HWIF MEMBERSHIP LETTER

ANNEXURE – 15

TOPOSHEET

ANNEXURE – 16

COPY OF GIDC LETTER FOR WATER SUPPLY

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