formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · formation and coalescence of double...

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 Formation and coalescence  of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF Fellow) Stefan Osłowski (Swinburne University) Krzysztof Belczynski (Los Alamos)

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Page 1: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Formation and coalescence  of double neutron star binaries

Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw)Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF Fellow)Stefan Osłowski (Swinburne University)

Krzysztof Belczynski (Los Alamos)

Page 2: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Double neutron stars

● Very small population, radio observations● Perhaps a subpopulation of short GRBs● GW sources● How do DNS form?● What mew can we learn from observations of 

coalescences in GW?● What are  the populations seen in GW?

Page 3: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

The radio sample

Page 4: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

The StarTrack code

●  Single stellar evolution: kicks, masses, radii, structure

● Evolution of binaries: mass transfers, supernovae, orbits

● Used to investigate compact object binaries: gamma­ray bursts, gravitational wave sources, X­ray binaries, inidividual binaries, X­ray transients, supernovae Ia, ...  

● Tested  on observed binaries● Developed and maintained by K.Belczynski

Page 5: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Formation of NSNS binaries

Classical path

Possible role of helium star common envelope phases.

Page 6: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Pulsar evolution: initial pulsar properties

● Inital spin: adopt a value of Pini

=10ms

● Starting magnetic field: drawn from the interval B=1011 to 1012 Gauss

● Initial orbits implied by the binary evolution 

Page 7: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Single pulsar evolution

● Assume the braking index n=3, and use standard dipole formula

● Magnetic field decay with characteristic timescale of  20 Myrs – treated as parameter

● No decay below 108 Gauss● Radio luminosity and  death lines

Page 8: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Pulsar evolution: mass transfers in binaries

● Exponential magnetic field decay due to the accreted mass – mass scale 0.025 or 0.05 M

sun 

● Spin up in Roche Lobe overflow ● Final spin determined by orbital frequency at 

the Alfven surface● Yes/No ­ spin up in common envelope ● Magnetic field decay in common envelopes● No magnetic field decay after mass transfer

Page 9: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Pulsar evolution: orbits

● Orbit changes during mass transfer episodes (pre NSNS stage)

● Strong tightening in common envelope● Orbit decay due to gravitational wave emission

Page 10: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

The P – Pdot diagram

● Death lines● Spin up line● Hubble line● Single pulsar track

Pulsars below Hubble line – magnetic field decrease in MT

Page 11: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Population model

● Constant star formation rate● Population as seen today● Observability proportional to the time spent in a 

given phase● Evolution in the Galactic potential: velocities 

from binary evolution, positions

Page 12: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Comparison with 

observations

Stadard model with Md=0.05

Contours of highest probablity

Likelihood function

Page 13: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Remaining models:SP­ initial mass spectrum continuous, small Md

HP­ Spin up in common envelopes

Page 14: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Pulsar masses

Page 15: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Pulsar masses – model SP

Page 16: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Pulsar masses ­ model HP

Page 17: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Conclusions

● Difficult to model both  P – Pdot and the mass distribution

● Evidence for non equal mass binaries● Simulations must take into account 0.8<q<1● GW observations may  reveal a different 

population of DNS ● Masses of merging DNS carry information 

about formation and evolution of these systems

Page 18: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

Radio vs GW

● Radio observability:– Radio Luminosity– Radio Loud Lifetime – Galactic Distribution

● GW observability– Chirp mass– Coalescence times

Selection effects are widely different.

Can the observed populations be different?

Page 19: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF

   

The  masses of the radio sample1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.9

0.8

0.7

Page 20: Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries · Formation and coalescence of double neutron star binaries Tomek Bulik (University of Warsaw) Dorota Rosinska (CAMK, VESF