formby draft
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MARCH 1 FLUCTUATING ARCHIPELAGO DESIGN STUDIO 1
THE FUTURE OF FORMBY POINT
FORMBY
MARCH 1 FLUCTUATING ARCHIPELAGO DESIGN STUDIO 1
THE FUTURE OF FORMBY POINT
FORMBY
FREDDIE GARSIDE & ASMA DAULEH
THE FUTURE OF FORMBY POINT
FORMBY
7
Research on Formby within the Sefton Coastline
The BriefUnderstating the Concern
An Introduction to our Scheme
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Cartographies of Formby point Sand Dunes
Engineering Techniques Understanding our options
Models illustrating the Sand Dune Retreat across the chosen site
On-Site Strategy Farming Potential. Walkways. Tourist Facilities. Accommodation.
Freddie Garside Retreating Formby Enterprise
Asma Dauleh The Pine Cone
Critical Approach Moving Forward and the Future of Formby point
CONTENTS
9
THE BRIEF
The coastline is a virtual line that is in constant fluctuation, this is a result of rising water levels, an increase in stormy weather and several other factors. All these factors will in-turn affect our living standards both nationally and globally.
In the 2013 - 2014 winters we saw an increased rate of erosion across the country. 5 - 15years worth of erosion happened in merely one year. By 2050 and through coastal erosion it is predicted that hindered of miles worth of coastal front will be lost, it is not only land that will be lost but over 15 million people across the UK will be affected by this change. This is where Fluctuating Archipelago comes in, during our study we aim to select and understand the coastal conditions, by implement-ing a multi-scalar approach we need to decide,develop and design ourselves through such conditions.
Understating the Concern
11
AN INTRODUCTION
“It is predicted with increasing confidence that climate change will lead to continued sea-level rise and increased Storminess which in turn accelerates the scale and pace of coastal
change.”
Phil DykeNational Trust
Coastal Squeeze is when coastal habitats that are trapped between a fixed landward boundary, such as a sea wall and rising sea levels.
At Formby the beach is eroding back, the sand dunes are pushing back and eventually they will hit the hard-scaping of formby harming the infrastructure in place. This would require re-scaping of land use around the entire site over a prolonged period of time .
We propose to redesign and “squeeze” Formby into a new position over the next 100 years . Thus prolonging but also preserving the infrastructure and migrating the habitats inland.
to our Scheme
13
RESEARCH ON FORMBY WITHIN THE SEFTON
COASTLINE
15
AN OVERVIEW ON FORMBY
Formby is a coastal town of 7 sq miles (17 km²) it has a population of approximately 25,000. As part of the Sefton coast it is bound on the west by the sea.
The area is a conserved by the National Trust, and designated a site of Specific Scientific Interest. Formby is an area protected by extensive sand-hills, covered in creeping willows and marram grass.
The land is strictly preserved, and only a few foot paths across the forbidden ground are open to the public. The sand-hills afford shelter from the sea winds to the three villages of Formby, Formby-by-the-Sea, and Fresh-field, which form one town.
Situated on flat, sandy land, surrounded by fields intersected by ditches, where rye, wheat, potatoes and asparagus grow. Fishing for shrimps and raking the sands for cockles provide employment to some of the locals.
The greater area is a popular tourist destina-tion during the summer months. Day trippers are attracted to its beaches, sand dunes and wildlife,
LIVERPOOL
RIVER MERSEY
ST HELENS
FORMBY
RIVER ALT
BOOTLE
WIRRAL
SEFTONCROSBYIRISH SEA
AINSDALE
SOUTHPORT
COASTAL CHANGE OVER THE YEARS
The coast is changing: always has and always will.This includes not only the physical change in the coast
A series of satellite views illustrate the changes over the past half century that have occurred on the formby site.
17
1945
1945 DUNE TOE POSITION
Dune toe position, heavy agricultural site
use.
90m of coastline is lost due to coastal
erosion.
120m of coastline lost, Formby town
infrastructure growth.
Coastal drift of sedi-ment - Formby “point” begins to shape up.
Heavier erosion North of the site due to
coastal drift.
240m of coastline is lost due to coastal
erosion.
MIGRATED DUNE TOE POSITION
1961 1989 20061979 1997
COASTAL CHANGES PAST AND FUTURE
Tides play an important morphophonemic role by shifting the operational zone of waves up and down the beach pro-file, determining the position and change of the dunes.
The rise and fall of the tides causes temporal changes in the cross-shore transport direction at any location on the intertidal profile, this be-comes more pronounced as tidal range increases.
19
EXTRAPOLATED COASTAL CHANGE AT FORMBY POINT
2025
2035
2045
2075
2065
2055
2085
2095
2105
FORMBY
PINEWOOD
FORRESTTOBACCODUMP
SANDDUNES
CAR PARK
LIFE BOA
T RD.
ALEXAN
DER RD
.
VICTORIA RD.
CARAVAN SITE
CARAVAN SITE
FORMBY
SAND DUNE TOE POSITIONOVER THE YEARS
1966
1924
1906
1892
1845
COASTAL ACTIVITY ACROSS THE SITE
The town is built upon the west of a large flat area of land called the West Lancashire Coastal Plain.
The town is 0.5 metres below sea level at its lowest point. Formby’s highest point is within the ever changing sand dunes.
The River Alt runs into the Irish Sea just south of Formby at High-town.
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GRADUAL GROWTH OF SALT MARSH SEAWARDS. SINCE 1988 THE MARSH HAS MOVED 670M SEAWARDS. ACCELERATED GROWTH
OF SALT MARSH
COAST WIDE INFLUENCES: - MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES - TOURISM - LAND-USE - OFFSHORE AGGREGATE EXTRACTION
NICOTINE CLIFFSNICOTINE WASTE
TIPPING 1950’S.
PAST RESTORATION WORKS 1970’S.
DUMPING OF DREDGING FROM 1890’S.
RUBBLE SEA DEFENCES TIPPED IN 1942.
HARD DEFENCES SEA WALL BUILT 1972.
ALT. TRAINING WALL BUILT 1936.
SAND EXTRACTION FROM THE DUNES IN 1940’S.
AFFORESTATION BEGAN IN 1887.
CAR PARKING ON BEACH
RECREATION PRESSURE AT FORMBY POINT. EROSION
TAYLOR’S BANK EFFECTS THE WAVE REGIME OF FORMBY POINT.
COASTAL EROSION DUE TO RIVER ALT MOVEMENT SINCE 1900.
INFILLING OF THE FORMBY CHANNEL.
SAND DUNES FORMING IN FRONT OF SEA WALL.
RAPID GROWTH OF SALT MARSH SOUTHWARDS. SINCE 1992 THE MARSH HAS MOVED 1650M SOUTHWARDS.
GROWTH OF GREEN BEACH SINCE 1980’S.
SEDIMENT DRIFT
SEDIMENT DRIFT
SEDIMENT DRIFT
WIND BLOWN SAND
EROSION OF FORMBY POINT UP-TO 4.5M/YR SINCE 1900.
SEDIMENT
PRESENT DAY COASTAL PROCESS HUMAN ACTIONS AND INFLUENCES ON SEFTON COASTCHANGES IN GEOMORPHOLOGY AS A RESULT OF
NATURAL CAUSES AND HUMAN ACTIVITY
FORMBY FORMBYFORMBY
CROSBY CROSBYCROSBY
SOUTHPORT SOUTHPORTSOUTHPORT
CURRENT SITE USE
Formby is affluent with high owner occupation. Strong economic ties are retained with Liverpool.
It is well connected with a train route as well as the Formby bypass A565.
The greater area is a popular tourist destination during the summer months, with day trippers at-tracted to its beaches, sand dunes and wildlife.
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VICTORIA ROAD
BUNDEL AVENUE
LIFEBOAT ROAD
ALEXANDRA ROAD
1 - GOLF COURSE
2 - CARAVAN PARK
3 - CAR PARK
4 - RED SQUIRREL WOODS 5 - SHEEP FIELDS
6 - NICOTINE WOODS
7 - NICOTINE DUMPING
8 - ASPARAGUS FIELDS
9 - ST JOSEPH HOSPITAL 10 - SAND DUNES
11 - LOW TIDE
12 - FORMBY TOWN
13 - PAINT-BALL CENTRE
12
3
4
A585RAIL
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8
8
7
59
12
132
10
11
TOURIST INTERACTION IN FORMBYAcross the map illustrates how the tourists interact with the town of formby and where the tourist hotspots are and which areas are more heavily used.
There are two main spots along the Formby Coast which are particularly popular with the public. These are Lifeboat road which is closely located to the beach, and Victoria Road which is linked to the red squirrel woods.
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HIKING
DOG WALKING HORSE RIDING NT RESERVE BIKE RIDING HOSPITAL PAINT-BALL DUKE PARK
TOBACCO WASTE CAR PARK CARAVAN SITE GOLFING RED SQUIRREL SHOPPING
1
2
3
4
27
1 - NICOTINE WOODS. 2 - RED SQUIRREL WOODS.
3 - ASPARAGUS FIELDS.
4 - NETTLE CROP ONTOBACCO WASTE. 5 - MIGRATED SAND DUNES IN PINE WOODS.
6 - TREES BENT BY SEVERE WIND FORCE FROM THE SEA.
7 - MARRAM GRASS AND SOFT ENGINEERING SYSTEMS.6
7
5
12
34
5
7
6
1
2
3
4
29
1 - COASTLINE VIEW. 2 - BEACH LOW TIDE, EVIDENCE OF DOG WALKERS.
3 - SAND DUNE EROSION CAUSED BY HIKERS.
4 - BEACH CAR PARK. 5 - NICOTINE DUNE CLIFFS.
6 - TREES BURIED BY MIGRATING SAND DUNES.
7 - EVIDENCE OF DUNE SLACK AND FLOODING. 6
7
5
1
2
3
4
5
7
TOURIST STATISTICS
Formby is popular with day trippers from Liverpool and other industrial towns in Merseyside and West Lancashire.
From a phone call held with Phil Moody (Head Rang-er at Formby) we found out that the site receives 350,000 visitors in the summer months, easily 3,000 on a single Sunday visit.
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SWIMMING
GROUP TRIPS YOUNG COUPLES FAMILY ELDERLY
LENGTH OF STAY (IN HOURS)
18% 26% 24%
10.8%
20%
18.9%
28%
43.8%
11%
26.5%
19% 22%
DOG WALKING 4WD QUAD BIKING HIKING CYCLING GOLFRED SQUIRREL BUCKET & SPADE
1-2
< 1
2-3
3-4
4-55+
RESIDENTS DAY VISITS OVERNIGHT
VISITOR %
SAND DUNE HEIGHT
5m 20m
6%
10%14%18%28%
NOLLI TO SHOW TOURIST ACCESS TO FORMBY BEACH
(BLACK SPACE) represents areas of the site that are not interacted with and Void (WHITE SPACE) represents areas that are accessed and used by the tourists.
As is apparent the closer to the shoreline one gets the more void space is located and there-fore the heavier the tourist impact on that site.
1 - CHILDREN TRIP
2 - DOG WALKING
3 - GOLFING
4 - RED SQUIRREL VISITS 5 - BUCKET & SPADE
6 - HIKING
7 - CYCLING
8 - SWIMMING
33
8
7
65
24
31
35
CARTOGRAPHY OF FORMBY POINT SAND
DUNES
PRECEDENTS OF GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
Inspiration of different types of graphical styles to represent various information and data.
37
LOCALS AND TOURISTS HERE AND THERENEW YORK CITY HONG KONG HIGH-LINE NYCSECTIONAL AXONEW YORK CITY
Various locations of photos uploaded to instagram by various groups of people, showing site interaction.
Compares the tourist attraction hotspots in Hong Kong over layed on a Nolli Diagram of the site.
A sectional 3D representation of Location, contamination and scale of impact upon the site of human activity.
Displaying various activities which take place upon the New York High-line.
HOT SPOT LOCATION ACCORDING TO CONTAMINATION ACTIVITY
A 3D representation of the immediate environ-ment, the viewer is shown in the third person.
UNDERSTANDING GEOMORPHOLOGY
Sand Dunes are formed under different coastal pretences. The section highlighted in blue illustrates the nature of the sand dunes that have been formed at formby point.
These are migrating dunes, Migrating dunes natural-ly shift inward on land due to the surface being continually blown away by strong oncoming winds.
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STAGE IN DUNE SUCCESSION
MOBILE DUNES
DUNES
EMBRYO & FORE DUNES
GREY DUNES YELLOW DUNES
SANDWORT MARRAM GRASS GREY LICHEN RUSHES HEATHER & WOODLAND
DUNE SLACK HEATH/WOODLAND
SEA
INLAND
COAST EMBRYO
DUNES
FOREDUNES
YELLOWDUNE GREY
DUNEDUNESLACK
DUNESLACK
HEATH/WOODLAND
DUNE
CHARACTERISTICS On-shore winds.
Seaweed (humus build up).
Sand building up.
Alkaline sand.
Scattered indi-viduals.
Low growing pros-tate habitat.
Waxy leaves.
Salt intolerant.
Thrives on being buried by sand.
In-rolled leaves.
Long tap roots.
Underground rhi-zomes to stabi-lise sand.
Many plants now co-existing.
Mainly perenni-als.
Stabilising plants liking increased organic Matter content.
Moisture loving plants.
Acid loving plants co-exisiting.
Woody perennials plus under-story species.
Surface continu-ally blown away and replenished by fresh sand.
Reduced wind speed.
Top of dunes above high tide
Increased humus content.
Surface lichens.
Sand no longer accumulating.
Marram grass not able to compete well.
Damp, low lying hollows.
High water table in winter.
Soil acidic and pH variable.
Acid soil and in-creased organic matter content.
Nutrient rich.
Shelter devel-oped.
PLANT
CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLE
PLANT
FIXED DUNES
FIXED DUNES
FIXED DUNES YELLOW DUNES EMBRYO & FORE DUNES
0m 100m 200m 300m
STRAND/DRIFT LINE
STRAND/DRIFT LINE
DUNE TOE
EMBRYO & FORE DUNES
PINEWOODLAND
SCIENTIFIC SAND DUNE PLAN
FILL IN
41
SCIENTIFIC SAND DUNE PLAN
43
Current representation of coastline and sand dunes on site at 2015/16.
A key showing the coast-line erosion rate over the next 50 years.
Evident large shift in coastal movement over 50 years a loss of 200m.
FORMBY POINT SECTION
1. SHORE / FOREDUNEPH 8
SEA COUCH - 1%BARE GROUND - 99%
UNCONSOLIDATED SAND WITH SHELLY FRAGMENTSNO ORGANIC CONTENTNO WATER RETENTION
2. MOBILE DUNEPH 8
MARRAM GRASS - 90%RED FESCUE - 85%
SAND WITH TRACES OF HUMIC MATERIALFEWER SHELLS THAN ON THE SHORE
NO WATER RETENTION
3. FIXED DUNEPH 5
SAND SEDGE - 75%YORKSHIRE FOG AND OTHER GRASSES - 70%
MARRAM GRASS
BROWN SURFACE HUMIC LAYER 8CM DEEP OVERLYING SAND
NO VISIBLE SHELLSSOME WATER RETENTION
4. DUNE HEATHPH 4
LINING HEATHER - 90%GORSE - 10%
HEATH RUSH - 30%
BLACK HUMUS-RICH SURFACE LAYER 30CM DEEPWATER RETENTIVE
OVERLYING LIGHT GREY LAYER 10CM DEEPOVERLYING ORANGE SAND
5. SCRUB & WOODLANDPH 4
PINE WOODLANDCLIMAX VEGETATION
SUMMER STATS WINTER STATS
A section illustrating the nature of the site and its relationship to the migrating sand dunes.
These are shown in lighter colours and the current dune toe positioning in darker colours.
Imposed on the section is the differing kinds of tourist interaction activity and how this impacts the rate and speed of erosion on the site throughout various points in the year.
45
BUCKET & SPADE VISITORS
HIKING
SWIMMING
INCREASING SOIL DEPTH & QUALITY
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
PINE-WOOD VISITORS
CYCLINGGOLF
4WD VEHICLE DRIVING
WALKING/ JOGGING/ DOG WALKING
DUNE TOE POSITION 1924 - 26 ( +50M )
DUNE TOE POSITION 1906 ( +90M )
DUNE TOE POSITION 1892 DUNE TOE POSITION 1845 DUNE TOE POSITION 1966 DUNE TOE POSITION 2015
1 2 3 4 5
47
49
ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES -
UNDERSTANDING OUR OPTIONS
ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES Physical management of the coast attempts to control natural processes such as erosion and long-shore drift.
HARD ENGINEERING tend to be expensive, short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and be unsustainable.
SOFT ENGINEERING are less expensive. They are usually more long-term and sustainable, with less impact on the environment.
51
ADVANTAGES
- Absorb the energy of waves. - Allows the build up of a beach.
DISADVANTAGES
- Expensive to obtain the boulders. - Expensive to transport the boulders.
ADVANTAGES
- Prevents the movement of beach material along the coast by long-shore drift as it traps sediment within the plant. - Slows down the transfer rate inland.
DISADVANTAGES
- Not a massive contribution to long-shore drift.
ADVANTAGES
- Allows the build up of a beach. - Beaches are a natural defence against erosion and an attraction for tourists.
DISADVANTAGES
- Can be seen as unattractive. - Costly to build and maintain.
ROCK ARMOUR
GRASSES
GROYNES
ADVANTAGES
- Easy to repair - Protect the shore - Function after minor damage - Don’t disturb the shoreline
DISADVANTAGES
- Expensive and unattractive - Can be displaced easily by waves
ADVANTAGES
- Makes use of excess sediment further up the Sefton coast.
DISADVANTAGES
- Expensive - Continuous replenishment.
ADVANTAGES - Absorbs the waves energy and stops long-shore drift.
DISADVANTAGES
- Costs a lot for the granite boulders ( rip rap) to be transported.
OFF-SHORE BREAKWATER
REPLENISHING
RIP - RAPS
53
ADVANTAGES
- The roots hold the soil together,preventing the soil from eroding. - The trees act as wind breakers. Thus reducing the effect of wind on long-shore drift. - Trees reduce the speed of flowing water there by reducing the erosion.
ADVANTAGES
- Halt the erosion due to roads being built on-top of it.
DISADVANTAGES
- Not aesthetically pleasing on coastline. - Environmental implications. - Maintenance.
ADVANTAGES
- Protects the base of cliffs, land and buildings against erosion. - Can prevent coastal flooding.
DISADVANTAGES
- Expensive to build. - Curved sea walls reflect the energy of the waves back to the sea. Cause more damage long term.
PLANTING TREES
ROADS
SEA WALL
55
MODELS ILLUSTRATING SAND DUNE RETREAT ACROSS THE CHOSEN
SITE
57
SEA
DUNE TOE
HOSPITAL
RAIL LINE
EDGE OF FORMBY TOWN
PINE-WOODS
DEMONSTRATING COASTAL SQUEEZE
2030 2050
TOBACCO WASTE
The dune toe has migrated 70m. Existing carp-ark and tobacco would have flooded.
The dune toe has migrated 180m. The beginnings of the pine woods would be at risk.
215021202080
The dune toe has migrated 280m. Red squirrels are endangered.
The dune toe has migrat-ed 600m.The Edge of Formby town would be at risk.
The dune toe has migrated 1Km. At this point Formby would be en-tirely flooded up-to the rail line
59
61
63
ON SITE STRATEGY:- FARMING POTENTIAL- SKY WALKWAYS- TOURIST FACILITIES- ACCOMMODATION
MAIN SITE LOCATION
The main focal of our project will lay near the frontal coast, where the sand dunes lay and there is a tobacco waste dumping ground.
Farming this part of our site will act as the catalyst to our design enabling us to design further infrastructure and develop the site in phases over time.
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PHASE 1 - FARMING
USE EXISTING FARMLAND, AND PLANT AND SELL CROPS TO FUND SITE EXPANSION.
PHASE 2 - SKY WALKS
CONSTANTLY MIGRATING SKY WALKS, ELEVATED TO PROTECT DUNES YET ALLOW TOURIST ACCESS.
PHASE 3 - TOURIST FACILITY
INTRODUCE ACTIVITY/EDUCATION CENTRES,LEISURE CAFE. GENERATE REVENUE.
PHASE 4 - ACCOMMODATION
INTEGRATE SIMPLE TREE HOUSE HOTELS. ENCOURAGE LONGER VISITS TO GENERATE MORE REVENUE
COASTAL SQUEEZE
2015
DUNE TOE FORMBY RAIL
SEDIMENT DRIFT
2075 2105 2135
2150
Coastal squeeze is the term used to describe what happens to coastal habitats that are trapped between a fixed landward boundary, such as a sea wall and rising sea levels and/or increased storminess. The habitat is effectively ‘squeezed’ between the two forces and diminishes in quantity and or quality.
- Model at formby point, focused on tobacco lands. - Current dune toe position- Sedimentl drift direction shown.
- Formby town and pine-woods migrate further inland. - New OSB’s engineered using farmland profits.- New OSB’s buy more time for Hospital.
- Farming if protected. Large revenues Generated. - Pine Woods migrate inland. - Natural reduction in OSB due to sediment drift.
- If left to erode naturally. - Dune toe position would migrate towards rail. - Would only take 150 years.
- Coastline forms a sharp point, requires taming. - Farming expands, Pine-woods envelop Formby. - Hospital is relocated.
67
OFF-SHORE BREAKWATER (OSB)
PINEWOOD
HOSPITAL
TOBACCO
OSB
2165 2200 2250
2020 2045
Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of both weather and longshore drift.
we aim to use this technique to manipulate the erosion rate in certain parts of the coast. This will buy time and allow for a calculated “coastal squeeze” to take place.
- Engineering OSB to protect tobacco lands.- Farming can take place on Tobacco site. - OSB delays erosion rate.
- Sediment drift from coastline onto OSB’s. - Peak of coastline begins to diminish. - Land structure: Beach>Farm>Wood>Town is restored.
- OSB’s expand through collection of longshore drift. - Formby migrated to beyond the rail route. - Further expansion of farming, increase revenue.
- Sediment drift from OSB. - Coastal squeeze begins.- Formby infrastructure to migrate inland.
- Farming is reduced. - OSB’s left to erode naturally by sediment drift. - Coastline is back to its original form.
SEDIMENT DRIFT
69
The tobacco site is high in nitrogen content, this is currently covered in nettles as they thrive in such circumstances.
If left untreated then as the coastline continues to erode eventually the tobacco waste will be washed out into the sea where the nitrogen will leak causing an Algal bloom. This is extremely harmful the current ecology within the sea.
FARMING POTENTIAL
71
TOBACCO WASTE RE-USEAlfalfa is planted, as it absorbs the nitrogen out of the site and thrives in sandy soils. It has deep roots which will help reduce the erosion rate of the coastline and can later be sold on as animal feed.
Formby was once famous for its farming of asparagus, this is an industry which can be revived as the fields do continue to exist.
73
DUNE
DUNE PUSHED BACK
TOBACCO WASTE - HIGH NITROGEN
CONTENT
TOBACCO WASTE - HIGH NITROGEN
CONTENT
NETTLES
HARVEST NETTLES & SELL
PLANT ALFALFA
PINE WOOD LANDS
DEFOREST PINE TREES & SELL
DERELICT ASPARAGUS FIELDS
TROTH ASPARAGUS FIELDS
PLANT ASPARAGUS
FARMING PROCESS
INTRO/ CONC
Tobacco Waste(396,000 Tonnes)
Redundant Asparagus Farm
Pine Trees
Nettles(Uritica Dioica)
2015(CURRENT)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Eroding Sand Dune(4m per year)
High Tide Low Tide
18
21
20
2
1
3
4
5
6
9
10
11
12
7
8
27
28
13
2615
14
16
29
31
30
32
33
34
36
35
37
17 19 22 25
23
24
1
IN OUT
Harvest nettles
27250
£
Sell for £2725 (£2.25/Kilo)
2 Begin removal of Pine Trees
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
3 Harvest Nettles
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo)
4 Sow Alfalfa seed
Costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
5 Prepare land for Asparagus planting
Voluntary community work
6 Continue removal of Pine Trees
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
7 Harvest Nettles
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo)
8 Sow Alfalfa seed
Costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
9 Plant Asparagus crowns
Crowns cost £62,400 (£1.10/Crown)
10 Continue removal of Pine Trees
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
11 Harvest Nettles
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo)
12 Sow Alfalfa seed
Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
13 Nurture young Asparagus
Voluntary community work
14 Remove remaining Pine Trees
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
15 Harvest remaining Nettles
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo)
16 Sow Alfalfa seed
Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
25 Harvest Asparagus in April & June
Sell for £72.350 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
26 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
27 Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £1790
28 Harvest mature Wheat
Sell for £21,250
29 Harvest Asparagus in April & June
Sell for £127,500 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
30 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
31 Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £1790
32 Harvest mature Wheat
Sell for £21,250
33 Prepare land for next years seed
34
Profit - £651,090
Harvest Asparagus in April & June
Sell for £132,350 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
35 Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £1790
36 Harvest mature Wheat
Sell for £21,250
37 Prepare land for next years seed
19 Harvest second season of Asparagus in May
Sell for £61,700 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
20 Sow Alfalfa seed
Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
21 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
22 Harvest third season of Asparagus in June
Sell for £65,250 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
23 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
24 Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £1790
17 Harvest first season of Asparagus in June
Sell for £57,500 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
18 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
20,7255500 20,7255500
IN OUT
£
IN OUT
£ £
20,72567,900
IN OUT
£
20,7255500
IN OUT
£
73,5250
IN OUT
£
78,2255500
IN OUT
£
81,7751790
IN OUT
£
110,1251790
IN OUT
£
165,2751790
IN OUT
£
153,6001790
IN OUT
75
Tobacco Waste(396,000 Tonnes)
Redundant Asparagus Farm
Pine Trees
Nettles(Uritica Dioica)
2015(CURRENT)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Eroding Sand Dune(4m per year)
High Tide Low Tide
18
21
20
2
1
3
4
5
6
9
10
11
12
7
8
27
28
13
2615
14
16
29
31
30
32
33
34
36
35
37
17 19 22 25
23
24
1
IN OUT
Harvest nettles
27250
£
Sell for £2725 (£2.25/Kilo)
2 Begin removal of Pine Trees
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
3 Harvest Nettles
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo)
4 Sow Alfalfa seed
Costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
5 Prepare land for Asparagus planting
Voluntary community work
6 Continue removal of Pine Trees
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
7 Harvest Nettles
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo)
8 Sow Alfalfa seed
Costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
9 Plant Asparagus crowns
Crowns cost £62,400 (£1.10/Crown)
10 Continue removal of Pine Trees
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
11 Harvest Nettles
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo)
12 Sow Alfalfa seed
Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
13 Nurture young Asparagus
Voluntary community work
14 Remove remaining Pine Trees
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
15 Harvest remaining Nettles
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo)
16 Sow Alfalfa seed
Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
25 Harvest Asparagus in April & June
Sell for £72.350 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
26 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
27 Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £1790
28 Harvest mature Wheat
Sell for £21,250
29 Harvest Asparagus in April & June
Sell for £127,500 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
30 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
31 Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £1790
32 Harvest mature Wheat
Sell for £21,250
33 Prepare land for next years seed
34
Profit - £651,090
Harvest Asparagus in April & June
Sell for £132,350 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
35 Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £1790
36 Harvest mature Wheat
Sell for £21,250
37 Prepare land for next years seed
19 Harvest second season of Asparagus in May
Sell for £61,700 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
20 Sow Alfalfa seed
Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
21 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
22 Harvest third season of Asparagus in June
Sell for £65,250 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
23 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
24 Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £1790
17 Harvest first season of Asparagus in June
Sell for £57,500 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
18 Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
20,7255500 20,7255500
IN OUT
£
IN OUT
£ £
20,72567,900
IN OUT
£
20,7255500
IN OUT
£
73,5250
IN OUT
£
78,2255500
IN OUT
£
81,7751790
IN OUT
£
110,1251790
IN OUT
£
165,2751790
IN OUT
£
153,6001790
IN OUT
EXISTING WALKING ROUTES
There are 4 main walking routes that are popular amongst the tourist. These exist in the upper northern part of the site and vary in terrain .
77
MODERATE
EASY
EASY
EASY
RED SQUIRREL
DOG FRIENDLY
3 MILES (4.8Km)
2.8 MILES (4.4Km)
1.8 MILES (2.9Km)
1.4 MILES (2.2Km)
1 HOUR 45 MIN
1 HOUR 15 MIN
1 HOUR
30 MIN
ASPARAGUS
DISCOVER FORMBY
EASY WOODLAND
79
DECENT PLAN OF SITE TO SHOW WHERE THEY ARE GOING - SHOW TREES AND DESIGN DECISIONS
DEVELOPING WALKWAYS
In order to protect and limit the contact upon the sand dunes we propose to place elevated walkways through out the site.
These walkways will maintain the tourist interaction with the site and enhance site seeing potential while limiting human impact on erosion.
81
GSEducationalVersion
CUT LINE, DIFFERENT PARTS, KINET-IC VS STATIC
DETAILED
MODULAR WALKWAY
Modular walkways will be placed through out the entire site. The design of the walkway is built in such a way that it can be assembled, de-assembled and reassem-bled continually through the site. So their locations are ever changing as the coastline is ever changing.
83
GSEducationalVersion
4000
4000
4000
4.000
4000
4000
2000
4000
2000 4.000
4.000
4000
1 in 12
20002.000
4.00
0
2.000
4.00
0Straight
Corner
Ramp
Scale - 1:100GSEducationalVersion
4000
4000
4000
4.000
4000
4000
2000
4000
2000 4.000
4.000
4000
1 in 12
20002.000
4.00
0
2.000
4.00
0Straight
Corner
Ramp
Scale - 1:100
CORE-TEN STEEL POSTSAGES WELL WITH TIME, AND BLENDS INTO
SURROUNDINGS.
METAL MESHALLOWS FOR TRANSPARENCY
AND A LIGHT WEIGHT STRUCTURE
FORK AND PIN JOINT ALLOWS FOR ASSEMBLY AND
REASSEMBLY
PINE WOODREUSE TIMBER FROM
PINE TREE DEFORESTATION
85
ATTACHMENTS DEVELOPMENT
VISUAL PERSPECTIVE
A 3D Visual representation illustrating the elevated walkway erected inside the pine-woods.
87
89
RETREATING FORMBY ENTERPRISE
FREDDIE GARSIDE
PRECEDENTS
Inspiration of architecture within sand dunes illustrating the materiality and construction.
91
SITE
The current use of the car park is to be terminated due to the fastly eroding nature of the site.
To make use of the now vacant site I propose to develop numerous structures for varying uses that will retreat back inland with the eroding landscape. Thus designing for a flexible, long-term sustainable and profitable enterprise.
1 - COASTLINE VIEW. 2 - BEACH LOW TIDE, EVIDENCE OF DOG WALKERS.
3 - SAND DUNE EROSION CAUSED BY HIKERS.
4 - BEACH CAR PARK.
1
2
3 4
93
1
3
4
2
GSEducationalVersion
INITIAL IDEAS - CAFE
Developed from the idea of a section cut through the FormbyDunes. The form allows the dune sediment to migrate and surround the Cafe overtime, revealing different parts of the structure as it does so.
As the dune slides over the building, it will force the structure to retreat back with the eroding sand dune. The architecture is constantly evolving as the dunes are pushed back.
95
CAFE - Developed from the idea of a section cut through the Forby
dunes
The form allows the dune sediment to migrate
andsurround the Cafe andsurround the Cafe overtime, revealing
different parts of the structure as it does so
The walkways will provideacces to the building
throughout the different stages stages
As the dune slides overthe building, it will
push back a shutter systemto reveal glazing towards
the sea side. The architectureis constantly evolving asthe dunes are pushed backthe dunes are pushed back
2015(CURRENT)
2016
20
9
22
10
24
11
27
12
30
13
33
14
36
16
Visitor Statistics
Profit Profit Profit Profit Profit Profit Profit
Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics
25,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
5,000
1,000
750
1,000
750
18
8
200,000
40,000
210,000
50,000
27,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
7,000
1,200
1,000
1,100
1,000
235,000
50,000
250,000
60,000
30,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
10,000
1,400
1,200
1,200
1,100
270,000
70,000
290,000
80,000
35,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
15,000
1,750
1,500
1,500
1,300
310,000
95,000
320,000
100,000
42,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
22,000
2,000
1,750
1,850
1,500
355,000
120,000
360,000
125,000
50,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
30,000
3,000
2,100
2,200
1,900
400,000
145,000
410,000
155,000
60,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
40,000
5000
3000
2,800
2,500
450,000
170,000
460,000
175,000
70,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
50,000
7,000
5,000
6,500
6,000
500,000
200,000
505,000
205,000
365,000 380,000 440,000 500,000 570,000 710,000640,000
High Tide LineSa
nd Dune Line
Tourist Shop Education Space Cafe Toilets Community Space National Trust Office
£
£
£
£
£
£
+6,125
+26,000
+360,000
+6,125
+36,000
-180,000
2017
£
£
£
£
£
£
+7,350
+31,000
+427,500
+7,700
+40,800
-201,000
2018
£
£
£
£
£
£
+8,050
+37,000
+510,000
+9,100
+48,000
-222,000
2019
£
£
£
£
£
£
+9,800
+42,000
+607,500
+11,375
+60,000
-243,000
2020 2021
£
£
£
£
£
£
+11,725
+48,500
+712,500
+13,125
+76,800
-270,000 £
£
£
£
£
£
+14,350
+56,500
+817,500
+17,850
+96,000
-297,000
2022
£
£
£
£
£
£
+18,550
+63,500
+930,000
+28,000
+120,000
-324,000
2023
£
£
£
£
£
£
+43,750
+71,000
+1,050,000
+42,000
+144,000
-360,000
254,250 313,350 390,150 487,675 592,650 705,200 836,050 990,750
350,000
INTRO/ CONC
97
2015(CURRENT)
2016
20
9
22
10
24
11
27
12
30
13
33
14
36
16
Visitor Statistics
Profit Profit Profit Profit Profit Profit Profit
Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics Visitor Statistics
25,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
5,000
1,000
750
1,000
750
18
8
200,000
40,000
210,000
50,000
27,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
7,000
1,200
1,000
1,100
1,000
235,000
50,000
250,000
60,000
30,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
10,000
1,400
1,200
1,200
1,100
270,000
70,000
290,000
80,000
35,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
15,000
1,750
1,500
1,500
1,300
310,000
95,000
320,000
100,000
42,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
22,000
2,000
1,750
1,850
1,500
355,000
120,000
360,000
125,000
50,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
30,000
3,000
2,100
2,200
1,900
400,000
145,000
410,000
155,000
60,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
40,000
5000
3000
2,800
2,500
450,000
170,000
460,000
175,000
70,000S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
S
W
50,000
7,000
5,000
6,500
6,000
500,000
200,000
505,000
205,000
365,000 380,000 440,000 500,000 570,000 710,000640,000
High Tide LineSa
nd Dune Line
Tourist Shop Education Space Cafe Toilets Community Space National Trust Office
£
£
£
£
£
£
+6,125
+26,000
+360,000
+6,125
+36,000
-180,000
2017
£
£
£
£
£
£
+7,350
+31,000
+427,500
+7,700
+40,800
-201,000
2018
£
£
£
£
£
£
+8,050
+37,000
+510,000
+9,100
+48,000
-222,000
2019
£
£
£
£
£
£
+9,800
+42,000
+607,500
+11,375
+60,000
-243,000
2020 2021
£
£
£
£
£
£
+11,725
+48,500
+712,500
+13,125
+76,800
-270,000 £
£
£
£
£
£
+14,350
+56,500
+817,500
+17,850
+96,000
-297,000
2022
£
£
£
£
£
£
+18,550
+63,500
+930,000
+28,000
+120,000
-324,000
2023
£
£
£
£
£
£
+43,750
+71,000
+1,050,000
+42,000
+144,000
-360,000
254,250 313,350 390,150 487,675 592,650 705,200 836,050 990,750
350,000
99
PLAN _1:200 FOLD OUT
GSEducationalVersion
Dune PositionCurrent
Dune Position+2 Years
Dune Position+4 Years
Dune Position+6 Years
Dune Position+8 Years
Dune Position+10 Years
Direction of Retreat
Cafe Position +2 Years
Cafe Position +4 Years
Cafe Position +6 Years
ELEVATION - 1:200
101
GSEducationalVersion
Dune PositionCurrent
Dune Position+2 Years
Dune Position+4 Years
Dune Position+6 Years
Dune Position+8 Years
Dune Position+10 Years
Direction of Retreat
Cafe Position +2 Years
Cafe Position +4 Years
Cafe Position +6 Years
ELEVATION - 1:200
VISUAL PERSPECTIVE
SHOW MOVEMENT
A 3D Visual representation illustrating the front and side elevation of the cafe in relation to the surrounding site context ( the existing car park).
103
VISUAL PERSPECTIVE
A 3D Visual representation illustrating the re-lationship between the walkway, Sand Dunes and rear of cafe. Sediment is encouraged to col-lect on the roof structures which seamless-ly connects the building to the dune-scape.
105
107
AXO FOLD OUT
109
THE PINE CONE
ASMA DAULEH
PRECEDENTS
Inspiration of tree house architecture illustrating the materiality and construction.
111
12
4
5
3
1 - FOOTPATH WITHIN THE WOODLANDS. 2 - MAKE-SHIFT SEATING GROUP AREA.
3 - GRID LIKE STRUCTURE TO PINE TREE LAYOUT.
4 - VIEW TO PINE-WOODS FROM NICOTINE PATCH.
5 - ACCESS FROM LIFEBOAT ROAD.
SITEThe current use of the pine-woods is to be trans-ferred as the red squirrels would have been miraged east of the site.
I propose to develop numerous elevated structures for varying short stay accommodations that will be multiply over time.
Thus designing for a flexible, long-term sustainable and profitable enterprise.
113
1
4
52
3
INITIAL IDEAS - MIXED USE HOTELS
The short stay Hotels will be primarily housed within one sector of the pine-woods. Within the space I Will allow for differing units of short stay accommodation that are grouped depending on purpose.
115
DOUBLE UNIT FAMILY UNITS
LUXURY UNITS
ELEVATED WALKWAY
GROUP UNITS
ACTIVITY SPACE
CAR PARK
LIFEBOAT RD
TO THE BEACH
Undulating walkway plays on the typography of existing dunes, allowing for a playful exploration of the site.
Summer months this activity zone would be used by family and young group visitors. Winter months it is hired out by corporations for team building events.
A small (16m²) and basic unit that houses a seating, sleep-ing, viewing deck and WC. Built from deforested pine-wood.
A bigger (32m²) unit that hous-es a seating, sleeping, viewing deck and WC. Fits a family of 4 . Built from deforested pine-wood.
A luxurious multi-story ele-vated structure, that would be long lasting. Views out to the beach and would be the only structure to remain long af-ter the site has flooded. This would be made possible using dolphin engineering technology.
A cluster of units that share amenities and open up onto each-other, all built from pine-wood. Outdoor seating and socialising spaces .
DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT
CONCERN ONE. Elevated structures, while providing great treetop views do not respond enough to typog-raphy of the site and the dunes.
SOLUTION. Scatter the units across the site, allow-ing ground level cabins hidden amongst the dunes and elevated tree houses. A diversity in choice.
CONCERN TWO. Generating enough revenue to fund and build the entire site in one go would be costly.
SOLUTION. Phase the building of the site, deforest part of the woodlands,and build the single units, when enough revenue is generated from tourists, the money made will fund the next phase of building. Continually grow the site over time.
117
£+ £++
CONCERN ONE
PHASING OF SITE
CONCERN TWO
£+++
PHASING
119
SKETCH IDEAS
Exploring sketch ideas, for eah type of accommodation style and occupation:
1. Double Units 2. Group Unit 3. Forrest Activity Space 4. Family Units5. Luxury Units
121
1 - Tree top structures, constructed from pine wood. Access by ladders. 2 - Group units are based on ground level on flatter landscape, clustered to allow for mingling of occupants. 3 - Enter-twined within the existing woodlands, group activity space will encourage longer stays and drum up more tourist revenue.
4 - Elevated Traditional tree house style unit, with view deck, slightly more secluded for privacy reasons.
5 - Inspired by pine-cone shape, these luxury units are designed to work when the site eventually floods due to receding coastline.
123
125
127
129
131
CRITICAL APPROACH, MOVING FORWARD AND THE FUTURE OF FORMBY
POINT
FINAL PLAN TO SHOW ALL OF THE
133
OUR QUICK CONCUSSION
135
FREDDIE GARSIDE ASMA DAULEH