formulation of a national est strategy for the philippines regional consultation seminar iloilo city...

Formulation of a National EST Formulation of a National EST Strategy for the PhilippinesStrategy for the Philippines

Regional Consultation Seminar Iloilo City – May 15, 2009

Davao City – May 22, 2009Baguio City – June 11, 2009

Supported by:

Defining EST in the Philippine ContextDefining EST in the Philippine Context

Formulation of a National EST Strategy for the Philippines

Sustainable Development is…Sustainable Development is…

Development that ‘meets the needs of Development that ‘meets the needs of the present without compromising the present without compromising the ability of future generations to the ability of future generations to meet their needs.’meet their needs.’

- Brundtland Commission’s - Brundtland Commission’s definitiondefinition


Brundtland Report: Our Common Future; the World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

Earth Summit: 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), in Rio de Janeiro.

Agenda 21: global action plan outlining the sustainable development priorities for the 21st century

Background of SD:Background of SD:

“Think globally,act locally”


Deciphering and advocating what sustainable Deciphering and advocating what sustainable development really means. development really means. (US National Academy of Sciences)(US National Academy of Sciences)

What is to be sustained: What is to be developed:

NatureNature – earth, biodiversity, ecosystems

PeoplePeople – child survival, life expectancy, education, equity, equal opportunity

Life supportLife support – ecosystem services, resources, environment

EconomyEconomy – wealth, productive sectors, consumption

CommunityCommunity – cultures, groups, places

SocietySociety – institutions, social capital, states, regions

Source: US National Research Council, Board on sustainable development, Our Common Journey: a Transition Toward Sustainability, 1999.


Transport sector’s response to SDTransport sector’s response to SD

• Environmentally sustainable transport Environmentally sustainable transport (EST)(EST) is the transport sector’s contribution to the pursuit of Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment


What is Environmentally Sustainable What is Environmentally Sustainable Transport?Transport?

“transportation that does not endanger public transportation that does not endanger public health or ecosystemshealth or ecosystems and meets needs for access consistent with:

a) use of renewable resources below their rates of regeneration, and

b) use of non-renewable resources below the rates of development of renewable substitutes”

(OECD Definition)


Transport Sector: Transport Sector: Impacts of unsustainable transportImpacts of unsustainable transport

• Air quality• Noise and vibration• Accidents• Global climate change• Natural habitats• Waste disposal

• Congestion• Energy• Security• Economic efficiency• Community severance• Visual intrusion• Loss of living space


Transport Sector: Impacts of Transport Sector: Impacts of unsustainable transportunsustainable transport

Traffic CongestionEnvironment


Transport Sector: Impacts of Transport Sector: Impacts of unsustainable transportunsustainable transport

Magnitude of the Environmental problem

Based on the 2003 Based on the 2003 emission survey, emission survey, transport contributes transport contributes more than 90% of the more than 90% of the air pollutionair pollution

Smoke-Belching Bus Along

C-4 Road (EDSA Avenue)Photo Courtesy of the

Partnership for Clean Air (PCA)


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2007 NATIONAL EMISSION INVENTORY ACCORDING TO AIR POLLUTANTS2007 NATIONAL EMISSION INVENTORY ACCORDING TO AIR POLLUTANTS

PMPM COCO NOXNOX SOXSOX VOCVOC Total ShareTotal Share

STATIONARY 14.13% 10.26% 30.82% 97.35% 6.48% 20.87%

MOBILE 31.44% 85.03% 38.26% 2.33% 87.42% 65.13%

AREA 54.42% 4.71% 30.92% 0.32% 6.10% 14.01%

Impacts of unsustainable transportImpacts of unsustainable transport


Traffic Accidents

Impacts of unsustainable transportImpacts of unsustainable transport


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2006 Energy Demand by Sector2006 Energy Demand by Sector

2008 Energy Demand by Sector2008 Energy Demand by Sector

2006 Transport Energy Consumption2006 Transport Energy Consumption


http://paulmaiorana.com/archive/2008/12/(accessed Feb 2009)


Impacts of Motorization

Advantages Disadvantages

Mobility Traffic Congestion

Faster Travel Pollution

Comfort Accident

High Energy Consumption


EST from OECD PerspectiveEST from OECD Perspective

• Originally adopted by the nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

• Main objective: to decouple transportation system development from the negative impacts of transportation

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What is Environmentally Sustainable What is Environmentally Sustainable Transport?Transport?

EST transport policy developmentEST transport policy development uses a uses a backcasting methodologybackcasting methodology

EST strategies generally include:- behavioral changebehavioral change (increase awareness and (increase awareness and

choose transport activities and lifestyles with choose transport activities and lifestyles with reduced environmental loads)reduced environmental loads)

- technological improvementtechnological improvement


Traditional planning vs. EST approachTraditional planning vs. EST approachTraditionalTraditional

• PREDICT AND PROVIDE• MITIGATION

MEASURES AFTER PLANS

• ENVIRONMENT TAKES THE BACK SEAT TO MOBILITY

• FOCUS ON EFFICIENCY

ESTEST

• VIEW OF THE FUTURE• ALL STRATEGIES

WORK TOWARD THIS VISION OF THE FUTURE

• ENVIRONMENT IS AN EQUALLY IMPORTANT CONCERN

• EQUITY AND EFFICIENCY

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CRITERIA FUTURE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

EVALUATION AND ACTION

ENVIRONMENT

SOCIAL

ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENTALLYSUSTAINABLE

TRANSPORT

‘BUSINESS AS

USUAL’

EST APPROACH

CONVENTIONAL APPROACH

PRO-ACTIVE POLICY DEV’T.FOR ACHIEVINGEST

ENVI IMPACTASSESSMENT& MITIGATIONACTIONS

Traditional vs. EST approachTraditional vs. EST approach

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Core to the EST approach is the development of long-term development of long-term desirable scenariosdesirable scenarios and undertaking policies that will undertaking policies that will make these scenarios a realitymake these scenarios a reality using ‘backcasting exercise’.

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Backcasting Conceptual Framework

Source: Banister and Hickman, (2004) Looking over the Horizon, Visioning and Backcasting for UK Transport Policy, Department for Transport – New Horizons Research Programme 2004/05


Source: 3. Geurs (2003) Backcasting as a Tool for Sustainable Transport Policy Making,International Conference of EST in the Asian Region

T0 Tn

FORECASTING

EMI SSION

T0 Tn

BACKCASTING

EMI SSION

Forecasting – based on current trends, providing the bases for determining policy actions to accommodate or counteract trends. Backcasting – “ a concern not with likely futures, but with how desirable futures can be attained ” (Robinson, 1982)

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Developing Countries’ SituationDeveloping Countries’ Situation

• Transportation is largely aimed at satisfying the basic need for mobility

- survival and coping with the present needs

• Presence of ‘environmentally-damaging’ transport modes in areas where there is a considerable inadequacy in transport service

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Developing Countries’ SituationDeveloping Countries’ Situation- use and proliferation of motorcycles/tricycles with two-stroke

engine- use of inefficient public transportation modes

(low-capacity/space inefficient; smoke belchers)- vicious cycle of road construction- use of aging vehicles- transport operation without much regard for road safety- high private car ownership- (etc…)


SURVIVAL

SUSTAINABILITY

low GDP mid GDP high GDP

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The HDIThe HDI (human development index)measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development:

The index was developed in 1990 by Indian Nobel prize winner(1998) Amartya Sen, Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Sir Richard Jolly, with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and Lord Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics and has been used since then by the UNDP in its annual Human Development Report.

Knowledge & education(literacy rate)

Long & healthy life(life expectancy)

Standard of living(GDP per capita)

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SURVIVAL

SUSTAINABILITY

low HDI mid HDI high HDI

Knowledge & education

Long & healthy life

Standard of living

The Human Development Index

Rank Country Human Dev’t.

1 Iceland high

2 Norway -do-

3 Canada -do-

… … …

8 Japan -do-

11 Finland -do-

15 US -do-

… … …

81 Thailand medium

102 Philippines medium

Ranking of 177 countries based on HDI (2006)

Philippines

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The Challenge for EST in The Challenge for EST in Developing CountriesDeveloping Countries

• Policies/strategies for the short and medium term: address fiscal survival while raising awareness of the need for environmentally sustainable transport

SURVIVAL

SUSTAINABILITY

low HDI mid HDI high HDI

Short/medium term

Philippine condition

SURVIVALSURVIVAL

SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY

Long term

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End of presentationEnd of presentation

Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your attention.

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formulation of a national est strategy for the philippines regional consultation seminar iloilo city...

Documents

national est strategy

national emission inventory

rates of development

us national research

development unced

transport sectors contribution

productive sectors

davao city