forsmark site investigation, geological single-hole ... · forsmark site investigation geological...
TRANSCRIPT
P-04-119
Forsmark site investigation
Geological single-hole interpretation of KFM04A and HFM09-10 (DS4)
Seje Carlsten, Geosigma AB
Jesper Petersson, SwedPower AB
Michael Stephens, Geological Survey of Sweden
Håkan Mattsson, GeoVista AB
Jaana Gustafsson, Malå GeoScience AB
June 2004
Svensk Kärnbränslehantering ABSwedish Nuclear Fueland Waste Management CoBox 5864SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden Tel 08-459 84 00 +46 8 459 84 00Fax 08-661 57 19 +46 8 661 57 19
Revised October 2006
ISSN 1651-4416
SKB P-04-119
Keywords: Forsmark, Geophysics, Geology, Borehole, Bedrock, Fractures, Field note: Forsmark 314, AP PF 400-04-39.
This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client.
A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from www.skb.se
Forsmark site investigation
Geological single-hole interpretation of KFM04A and HFM09-10 (DS4)
Seje Carlsten, Geosigma AB
Jesper Petersson, SwedPower AB
Michael Stephens, Geological Survey of Sweden
Håkan Mattsson, GeoVista AB
Jaana Gustafsson, Malå GeoScience AB
June 2004
Revised October 2006
Reading Instruction
For revision no. 1 of this report a recalculation of the oriented radar data has been carried out.
The strike and dip of the oriented radar data are now recalculated using the right-hand-rule method, e.g. 040/80 corresponds to a strike of N40°E and a dip of 80° to the SE. The new values for strike and dip are updated in Chapter 5.1 as well as in Appendix 1.
The revised report also presents updated identification codes from rock units, in accordance with the revised method description for single-hole interpretation. The term “confidence level” also replaces the term “uncertainty” in accordance with the revised method description.
Appendices 1, 2 and 3 are updated.
Abstract
This report constitutes geological single-hole interpretations of the cored boreholes KFM04A and the percussion boreholes HFM09-10 in Forsmark. The geological single-hole interpretation combines the geological core mapping, interpreted geophysical logs and bore-hole radar measurements to interpret where lithological rock units and possible deformation zones occurs in the boreholes.
The geological single-hole interpretation shows that eight lithological rock units occur in KFM04A. The rock units are further subdivided into 13 sections based on degree of plastic deformation and fracture frequency. Metagranitoid and a felsic to intermediate metavol-canic rock type occur in the upper part of the borehole. Below 177 m, medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite dominates. Pegmatitic granite, amphibolite, fine-medium grained metagranitoid and metavolcanic rock occurs as subordinate rock types. Some sections with a fine-medium grained rock type rich in hornblende-quartz-feldspar also occur. Five possible deformation zones have been identified in KFM04A.
The percussion borehole HFM09 is dominated by fine-grained metatonalite-granodiorite. Amphibolite, aplitic metagranite and a fine-grained felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock occurs as subordinate rock types. One possible deformation zones have been identified in HFM09.
The percussion borehole HFM10 is dominated by fine-medium grained metatonalite- granodiorite. Amphibolite, metagranite-granodiorite, pegmatitic granite, aplitic metagranite and a few sections with felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock occurs as subordinate rock types. Two possible deformation zones have been identified in HFM10.
Sammanfattning
Denna rapport behandlar geologisk enhålstolkning av kärnborrhål KFM04A samt hammarborrhålen HFM09-10 i Forsmark. Den geologiska enhålstolkningen syftar till att utifrån data från den geologiska karteringen, tolkade geofysiska loggar och borrhåls-radarmätningar indikera olika litologiska enheters fördelning i borrhålen samt möjliga deformationszoners läge och utbredning.
Denna undersökning visar att det i KFM04A finns 8 litologiska enheter. På grund av graden av plastisk deformation och sprickfrekvens samt repetition av vissa enheter kan borrhålet delas in i 13 sektioner. Metagranitoid och felsisk till intermediär metavulkanisk bergart förekommer i den övre delen av borrhålet. Under 177 m dominerar metagranit-granodiorit. Pegmatitisk granit, amfibolit, fint medelkornig metagranitoid och metavulkanisk bergart förekommer i mindre omfattning. Partier med fin- till medelkornig hornbländerik kvarts-fältspat bergart förekommer också. Fem möjliga deformationszoner har identifierats i KFM04A.
Hammarborrhål HFM09 domineras av finkornig metatonalit-granodiorit med mindre inslag av amfibolit, aplitisk metagranit och en finkornig felsisk till intermediär metavulkanisk bergart. En möjlig deformationszon har identifierats i HFM09.
Hammarborrhål HFM10 domineras av fint medelkornig metatonalit-granodiorit med mindre inslag av amfibolit, metagranit-granodiorit, pegmatitisk granit, aplitisk metagranit och ett fåtal sektioner med felsisk till intermediär metavulkanisk bergart. Två möjliga deformations-zoner har identifierats i HFM10.
�
Contents
1 Introduction 7
2 Objectiveandscope 9
3 Datausedforthegeologicalsingle-holeinterpretation 11
4 Executionofthegeologicalsingle-holeinterpretation 154.1 Nonconformities 16
5 Results 175.1 KFM04A 175.2 HFM09 205.3 HFM10 20
6 Comments 21
7 References 23
Appendix1 Geological single-hole interpretation for KFM04A 25
Appendix2 Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM09 33
Appendix3 Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM10 35
�
1 Introduction
Much of the primary geological and geophysical borehole data stored in the SKB database SICADA need to be integrated and synthesized before they can be used for modeling in the 3D-CAD system Rock Visualisation System (RVS). The end result of this procedure is a geological single-hole interpretation, which consists of an integrated series of different logs and accompanying descriptive documents.
This document reports the geological single-hole interpretation of three boreholes at drilling site 4 (DS4) in the Forsmark area. These includes the cored borehole KFM04A and the per-cussion-drilled boreholes HFM09 and HFM10 (Figure 1-1). Also the percussion drilled part (100 m) of KFM04A has been completed. The core drilling, from 100 m and downwards, is planned for a later time and the single hole interpretation will therefore be postponed until the borehole is completed.
�
Fig
ure
1-1.
Map
sho
win
g th
e lo
catio
n of
dri
lling
site
4 (D
S4) a
nd th
e po
sitio
n of
the
bore
hole
s K
FM04
A an
d H
FM09
-10.
�
2 Objective and scope
A geological single-hole interpretation is carried out in order to identify and briefly describe the major rock units and possible deformation zones within a borehole. The work involves an integrated interpretation of data from the geological mapping of the borehole (Boremap), different borehole geophysical logs and borehole radar data and, when available, reflection seismic anomalies. The results from the geological single-hole interpretation are presented in a WellCad plot. A detailed description of the technique is provided in the method descrip-tion for geological single-hole interpretation (SKB MD 810.003, internal document).
11
3 Data used for the geological single-hole interpretation
The following data are used for the single-hole interpretation:
• Boremap data (including BIPS and geological mapping data) /1 and 2/.
• Generalized geophysical logs and their interpretation /3, 4 and 5/.
• Radar data and their interpretation /6/.
The material used as basis for the geological single-hole interpretation was a WellCad plot consisting of parameters from Boremap-mapping, geophysical logs and borehole radar. An example of a WellCad plot used during the geological single-hole interpretation is shown in Figure 3-1. The plot consists of ten main columns and several subordinate columns. These include:
1: Depth
2: Rocktype
2.1: Rock type
2.2: Rock type structure
2.3: Rock type texture
2.4: Rock type grain size
2.5: Structure orientation
2.6: Rock occurrence (< 1 m)
2.7: Rock alteration
2.8: Rock alteration intensity
3: Unbroken fractures
3.1: Primary mineral
3.2: Secondary mineral
3.3: Third mineral
3.4: Fourth mineral
3.5: Alteration, dip direction
4: Broken fractures
4.1: Primary mineral
4.2: Secondary mineral
4.3: Third mineral
4.4: Fourth mineral
12
4.5: Aperture (mm)
4.6: Roughness
4.7: Surface
4.8: Alteration, dip direction
5: Crush zones
5.1: Primary mineral
5.2: Secondary mineral
5.3: Third mineral
5.4: Fourth mineral
5.5: Roughness
5.6: Surface
5.7: Crush alteration, dip direction
5.8: Piece (mm)
5.9: Sealed network
5.10: Core loss
6: Fracture frequency
6.1: Open fractures
6.2: Sealed fractures
7: Geophysics
7.1: Magnetic susceptibility
7.2: Natural gamma radiation
7.3: Possible alteration
7.4: Silicate density
7.5: Estimated fracture frequency
8: Radar
8.1: Length
8.2: Angle
9: Reference mark, not used for percussion-drilled boreholes
10: BIPS
13
The geophysical logs are described below:
Magnetic susceptibility: The rock has been classified into sections of low, medium, high, and very high magnetic susceptibility. The susceptibility measurement is strongly connected to the magnetite content in the different rock types.
Natural gamma radiation: The rock has been classified into sections of low, medium, and high natural gamma radiation. Low radiation may indicate mafic rock types and high radiation may indicate younger fine-grained granite or pegmatite. All these rocks have been included in the younger, Group D intrusive suite /6/.
Silicate density: This parameter indicates the density of the rock after subtraction of the magnetite component in the rock. It provides general information on the mineral composi-tion of the rock types, and serves as a support during classification of rock types.
Estimated fracture frequency: This parameter provides an estimate of the fracture frequency along 5 m sections, calculated from short and long normal resistivity, SPR, sonic as well as focused resistivity 140 and 300. The estimated fracture frequency is based on a statistical connection after a comparison has been made between the geophysical logs and the mapped fracture frequency. The log provides an indication of sections with low and high fracture frequencies.
Possible alteration: This parameter has only been used slightly in the geological single-hole interpretation in the Forsmark area.
Close inspection of the borehole radar data was carried out during the interpretation process, especially during the identification of possible deformation zones. The occurrence and orientation of radar anomalies within the possible deformation zones are commented upon in the text that describes these zones.
14
Fig
ure
3-1.
Exa
mpl
e of
Wel
lCad
plo
t use
d as
bas
is fo
r th
e si
ngle
-hol
e in
terp
reta
tion.
Gra
nite
, fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
Pegm
atite
, peg
mat
itic
gran
ite
Gra
nito
id, m
etam
orph
ic
Gra
nite
, gra
nodi
orite
and
tona
lite,
met
amor
phic
, fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
Gra
nite
, met
amor
phic
, apl
itic
Gra
nite
to g
rano
dior
ite, m
etam
orph
ic, m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
Gra
nodi
orite
, met
amor
phic
Ton
alite
to g
rano
dior
ite, m
etam
orph
ic
Dio
rite
, qua
rts d
iori
te a
nd g
abbr
o, m
etam
orph
ic
Ultr
amaf
ic r
ock,
met
amor
phic
Am
phib
olite
Cal
c-si
licat
e ro
ck (s
karn
)
Mag
netit
e m
iner
aliz
atio
n as
soci
ated
with
cal
c-si
licat
e ro
ck (s
karn
)
Sulp
hide
min
eral
izat
ion
Fels
ic to
inte
rmed
iate
vol
cani
c ro
ck, m
etam
orph
ic
Maf
ic v
olca
nic
rock
, met
amor
phic
Sedi
men
tary
roc
k, m
etam
orph
ic
Oxi
dize
d
Chl
oriti
size
d
Epi
dotis
ized
Wea
ther
ed
Tec
toni
zed
Seri
citis
ized
Mia
rolit
ic
Silic
ifica
tion
Arg
illiz
atio
n
Alb
itiza
tion
Car
bona
tizat
ion
Saus
suri
tizat
ion
Stea
titiz
atio
n
Ura
litiz
atio
n
Epi
dote
Hem
atite
Cal
cite
Chl
orite
Unk
now
n
Pyri
te
Cla
y M
iner
als
Lau
mon
tite
Zeo
lite
Preh
nite
Asp
halt
Iron
Hyd
roxi
de
Oxi
dize
d W
alls
No
inte
nsity
Fain
t
Wea
k
Med
ium
Stro
ng
Aph
aniti
c
Fine
gra
ined
Fine
to M
ediu
m G
rain
ed
Med
ium
coa
rse
Coa
rse
grai
ned
Med
ium
gra
ined
Hor
nfel
sed
Porp
hyri
tic
Oph
itic
Equ
igra
nula
r
Aug
en-B
eari
ng
Non
_equ
igra
nula
r
Met
amor
phic
Schi
stos
e
Gne
issi
c
Myl
oniti
c
Duc
tile
Shea
r Z
one
Bri
ttle
-Duc
tile
Zon
e
Vei
ned
Ban
ded
Mas
sive
Folia
ted
Bre
ccia
ted
Lin
eate
d
Fres
h
Gou
ge
Com
plet
ely
Alte
red
Hig
hly
Alte
red
Mod
erat
ely
Alte
red
Slig
htly
Alte
red
Plan
ar
Und
ulat
ing
Step
ped
Irre
gula
r
Rou
gh
Smoo
th
Slic
kens
ided
STR
UC
TUR
E O
RIE
NTA
TIO
N
Duc
tile
Shea
r Z
one
Folia
ted
SIL
ICA
TE D
EN
SIT
YN
ATU
RA
L G
AM
MA
RA
DIA
TIO
NM
AG
NE
TIC
SU
SC
EP
TIB
ILIT
YE
STI
MA
TED
FF
GR
AIN
SIZ
E
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
SU
RFA
CE
FRA
CTU
RE
DIR
EC
TIO
N
Len
gth
[m]
500.
520
Titl
eG
EO
LO
GY
KFM
01B
Dia
met
er [m
m]
76B
oreh
ole
KFM
01B
Incl
inat
ion
[°]
-79.
03
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9953
9.40
Num
bers
of F
ract
ures
Act
ivity
Typ
eG
E041
Eas
ting
[m]
1631
387.
67
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
RO
UG
HN
ES
S
Dat
e of
map
ping
2004
-05-
12 1
8:14
:00
RO
CK
TYP
EFO
RS
MA
RK
INTE
NS
ITY
FRA
CTU
RE
ALT
ER
ATI
ON
STR
UC
TUR
E
Bea
ring
[°]
267.
59D
rilli
ng S
top
Dat
e20
04-0
1-15
15:
00:0
0
Plot
Dat
e20
04-0
6-01
21:
04:5
8
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
NTE
XTU
RE
MIN
ERA
L
Ele
vatio
n [m
]3.
09D
rilli
ng S
tart
Dat
e20
03-0
6-25
07:
00:0
0
1m:5
00m
DEP
TH.
Roc
kTy
pe
Roc
kTy
peS
truct
ure
Roc
kTy
peTe
xtur
e
Roc
kTy
peG
rain
size
Stru
ctur
eO
rient
atio
n 0
90
Roc
k Ty
pe<
1mR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Roc
kA
ltera
tion
Inte
nsity
RO
CK
TYPE
Prim
ary
Min
eral
Sec
onda
ryM
iner
alTh
irdM
iner
alFo
urth
Min
eral
Alte
ratio
nD
ip D
irect
ion
0---
----
--D
ip--
----
90
UN
BR
OK
EN F
RA
CTU
RES
Prim
ary
Min
eral
Sec
onda
ryM
iner
alTh
irdM
iner
alFo
urth
Min
eral
Rou
ghne
ssS
urfa
ceA
ltera
tion
Dip
Dire
ctio
n0-
----
----
Dip
----
--90
Ape
rture
(mm
)
01 0
BR
OK
EN F
RA
CTU
RES
Prim
ary
Min
eral
Sec
onda
ryM
iner
alTh
irdM
iner
alFo
urth
Min
eral
Cru
sh A
ltera
tion
0
90
Pie
ceC
orel
oss
Sea
led
Net
wor
kS
urfa
ceR
ough
nessC
RU
SH Z
ON
ES
Ope
nFr
actu
res
03 0
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
040
FRA
CTU
RE
FREQ
UEN
CY
Pos
sibl
e al
tera
tion
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
tyN
atur
al G
amm
aR
adia
tion
Est
imat
ed F
ract
ure
Freq
uenc
y(fr
/m)
020
GEO
PHYS
ICS
Leng
thA
ngle
RA
DA
R
Ref
eren
ce M
ark
REF
EREN
CE
MA
RK
BIP
S
0°0°
180°
90°
270°
BIP
S
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
20 10 15 10 10 10 5 10 20 25 15 15 30 35 30 20 1 6 2 5 5 2
1�
Fig
ure
3-1.
Exa
mpl
e of
Wel
lCad
plo
t use
d as
bas
is fo
r th
e si
ngle
-hol
e in
terp
reta
tion.
4 Execution of the geological single-hole interpretation
The geological single-hole interpretation has been carried out by a group of experts consisting of both geologists and geophysicists. Several of these participants previously participated in the development of the source material for the single-hole interpretation. All data to be used are visualized side by side in a borehole document extracted from the software WellCad.
Stage 1 in the working procedure is to study the rock type related logging data and to merge sections of similar rock types, or sections where one rock type is very dominant, into rock units (minimum length of c. 5 m). Each rock unit is indicated and provided with a description from the WellCad plot.
Stage 2 is to identify possible deformation zones by visual inspection of geological mapping (fracture frequency, alteration, etc.), geophysical data, and radar data. The section of each identified possible deformation zone is indicated and described in the WellCad plot.
Figure 4-1. Schematic block diagram of geological single-hole interpretation.
Single-hole interpretation
Boremap dataGeneralizedgeophysical
logsRadar data
Geophysicaldata
Petrophysicaldata
1. Rock units2. Possible deformation zones
16
4.1 NonconformitiesIn some cases alternative orientations for oriented radar reflectors are presented. One of the alternatives is considered to be correct, but due to uncertainty in the interpretation of radar data, a decision concerning which of the alternatives that represent the true orientation cannot be made.
1�
5 Results
The detailed results of the geological single-hole interpretations are presented as print-outs from the software WellCad (Appendix 1 for KFM04A, Appendix 2 for HFM09, and Appendix 3 for HFM10). The confidence in the interpretation of rock units and possible deformation zones is made on the following basis: 3 = high, 2 = medium and 1 = low.
5.1 KFM04AThe borehole can be divided into eight different rock units, some of which are recurrent in the borehole. Furthermore, the upper 500 m of the borehole shows more intense ductile deformation and a higher fracture frequency relative to the lower part of the borehole. For this reasons the borehole is divided into 13 rock sections:
12-88 m RU1: Fine-grained, felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock and fine- to medium-grained metagranodiorite and metagranite-granodiorite in approximately equal proportions. Subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite and at the base of the section one c. 1 m wide amphibolite. Confidence level = 2.
88-177 m RU2: Strongly foliated, fine- to medium-grained metagranodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite, fine-grained, felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock in the upper half of the interval and amphibolite in the lower half of the interval. Generally increased fracture frequency relative to the lower half of the borehole. Generally higher density and lower natural gamma radiation relative to the rock unit below. Confidence level = 3.
177-275 m RU3a: Strongly foliated, fine- to medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite and amphibolite, and a few occurrences of finegrained, felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Generally increased fracture frequency relative to the lower half of the borehole. Confidence level = 3.
275-342 m RU4: More inhomogeneous mixture of strongly foliated, fine- to medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite and fine-grained, felsic to intermedi-ate metavolcanic rock. Subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Two ductile, high strain zones in the lower part of the rock unit. Generally increased fracture frequency relative to the lower half of the borehole. Confidence level = 3.
342-443 m RU5: Mixture of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid and strongly foliated, fine-to medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite. Subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite and amphibolite. Several ductile, high strain zones, some of which are associated with muscovite alteration. Generally increased fracture frequency relative to the lower half of the borehole. Also minor oxidation and a c. 15 cm wide crush zone at a length
1�
of c. 360 m. In the interval 342-393 m there are several thin intervals with high natural gamma radiation. The interval 393-443 m shows a dominantly low magnetic susceptibility. Confidence level = 3.
443-500 m RU3b: Strongly foliated, fine- to medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite and amphibolite, and a few occurrences of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Generally increased fracture frequency relative to the lower half of the borehole. Several thin intervals of high natural gamma radiation. One distinct radar reflector intersects the borehole at c. 425 m and can be followed down to c. 600 m; strike 300 degrees and dip 60 degrees, which corresponds in orientation with a pegmatite contact at 443 m. Confidence level = 3.
500-724 m RU6a: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. The upper 25 m interval of the rock unit has low magnetic susceptibility, whereas the interval 636-724 m has high magnetic susceptibil-ity. Confidence level = 3.
724-743 m RU7a: Fine- to medium-grained, hornblende-rich quartz-feldspar rock (mapped as amphibolite), with sulphide dissemination. Subordinate occur-rences of medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite and pegmatitic granite. High density, low magnetic susceptibility and low natural gamma radiation. Confidence level = 3.
743-938 m RU6b: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of pegmatitic granite and amphibolite, as well as two minor occurrences of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid and one, almost 2 m wide occurrence of fine-grained, felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock. Confidence level = 3.
938-967 m RU8: Fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite and medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite. The whole rock unit has low magnetic susceptibility and partly increased density. Confidence level = 3.
967-990 m RU6c: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occur-rences of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid and pegmatitic granite. Confidence level = 3.
990-999 m RU7b: Fine- to medium-grained, hornblende-rich quartz-feldspar rock (mapped as amphibolite), with sulphide dissemination. Subordinate occur-rences of medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite and pegmatitic granite. High density, low magnetic susceptibility and low natural gamma radiation. Confidence level = 3.
999-1001.5 m RU6d: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with one, minor occur-rence of pegmatitic granite. Confidence level = 3.
1�
Five possible deformation zones are indicated in KFM04A:
169-176 m DZ1: Slightly increased frequency of both sealed and open, steeply dip-ping fractures. Generally weak oxidation. Predominant fracture fillings are calcite, chlorite, hematite and prehnite. Clearly decreased electric resistivity and slightly decreased P-wave velocity. One oriented radar reflector occurs at 170.9 m with the orientation 326/32 and one non-oriented at 168.6 m with the angle 55 degrees to borehole axis. Confidence level = 2.
202-213 m DZ2: Marked increased frequency of flat lying, open fractures and steeply dipping, sealed fractures. Fracture apertures range up to 7 mm in width. Generally faint to weak oxidation. Predominant fracture minerals are calcite, hematite and chlorite. Also a few fractures with epidote and laumontite. Clearly decreased electric resistivity and slightly decreased P-wave velocity. Two radar reflectors occur at 205.9 m (128/73) and at 210.9 m (316/11) and one non-oriented radar reflector at 208.6 m with an intersection angle to the borehole of 48 degrees. Confidence level = 3.
232-242 m DZ3: Marked increased frequency of flat lying, open fractures filled by cal-cite, hematite and chlorite. Fracture apertures range up to more than 10 mm in width. One c. 15 cm wide crush zone and sealed network in the lower part of the possible zone. Faint to strong oxidation. Clearly decreased electric resistivity and P-wave velocity. Distinct caliper anomaly. One radar reflector at 234.7 m with the orientation 136/57 or 044/9. Confidence level = 3.
412-462 m DZ4: Marked by a network of fractures mainly sealed by laumontite, calcite and chlorite. Also some open fractures with apertures greater or equal to 5 mm. Alterations in the interval include varying degrees of oxidation, epidoti-zation and clay alteration. The possible zone includes parts affected by high ductile strain. Section 412-435 m indicated by a low electric resistivity. No other geophysical anomalies. Five oriented radar reflectors occur at 425.0 m (243/61), 434.5 m (338/7), 447.6 m (253/6 or 120/70), 455.2 m (350/8) and 459.3 m (206/87). Three non-oriented radar reflectors occur at 412.5 m, 444.0 m and 459.3 m with the angle 46, 11 and 49 degrees to borehole axis, respectively. Confidence level = 3.
654-661 m DZ5: Marked by increased frequency of sealed fractures and weak oxidation. Corresponds also to a brittle-ductile high strain zone and a c. 1 m wide amphibolite. Predominant fracture sealing minerals are prehnite, calcite, epidote and chlorite. Clearly decreased electric resistivity and slightly decreased P-wave velocity. One distinct radar reflector at 658.0 m with the orientation 143/78 and one non-oriented at a length of 654.8 m with the angle 55 degrees to borehole axis. Confidence level = 2.
20
5.2 HFM09The borehole consists of one rock unit:
17-50 m RU1: Fine-grained metatonalite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of amphibolite, aplitic metagranite and fine-grained, felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock, and one occurrence of pegmatitic granite. Confidence level = 2.
One possible deformation zone is indicated:
18-28 m DZ1: The possible zone is defined by an increased frequency of flat lying, open fractures and two major crush zones; one of them c. 1.5 m wide. Locally medium oxidation. The crush zones correspond to two radar reflectors with an intersection angle of 90 and 78 degrees to the borehole axis. Confidence level = 2.
5.3 HFM10The borehole consists of one rock unit:
12-149 m RU1: Fine- to medium-grained metatonalite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrence of amphibolite, fine- to medium-grained metagranite- granodiorite, pegmatitic granite, aplitic metagranite and a few minor occurrences of fine-grained, felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock. Silicate density indicates mainly tonalitic composition. Confidence level = 2.
There are two possible deformation zones in the borehole:
65-69 m DZ1: Slight increase in the frequency of open fractures. Also a minor crush zone and strong oxidation. Decrease in electric resistivity and P-wave velocity. Minor caliper anomaly. Three radar reflectors with an intersection angle of 21, 40 and 57 degrees to the borehole axis. Confidence level = 2.
108-117 m DZ2: Decrease in electric resistivity and P-wave velocity. Distinct caliper anomaly. Three radar reflectors with an intersection angle of 23, 59 and 90 degrees to the borehole axis. Confidence level = 2.
21
6 Comments
The results from the geological single-hole interpretations of the KFM04A, HFM09 and HFM10 are presented in WellCad plots (Appendices 1-3). Each WellCad plot consists of the following columns:
1: Depth
2: Rock type
3: Rock alteration
4: Sealed fractures (blue symbols)
5: Open fractures (red symbols)
6: Silicate density
7: Susceptibility
8: Natural gamma radiation
9: Estimated fracture frequency
10: Comment: Rock unit
11: Stereogram for sealed fractures in rock unit (blue symbols)
12: Stereogram for open fractures in rock unit (red symbols)
13: Comment: Possible deformation zone
14: Stereogram for sealed fractures in possible deformation zone (blue symbols)
15: Stereogram for open fractures in possible deformation zone (red symbols)
Nonconformities:
Fractures not visible in BIPS are not excluded from stereo diagrams.
No geophysical logging data was available from HFM09.
23
7 References
/1/ SKB P-report P-04-116. Boremap mapping of telescopic drilled borehole KFM04A. Petersson J, Wängnerud A, Danielsson P, Stråhle A.
/2/ SKB P-report P-04-101. Boremap mapping of percussion boreholes HFM09-12. Nordman C.
/3/ SKB P-report P-04-143. Interpretation of borehole geophysical measurements in KFM04A, KFM06A (0-100 m) and HFM10-HFM19. Mattsson H, Keisu M, Thunehed H. (in preparation)
/4/ SKB P-report P-04-144. Borehole logging in borehole KFM04A, KFM06A, HFM10, HFM11, HFM12 and HFM13. Nielsen U T, Ringgaard J.
/5/ SKB P-report P-04-67. RAMAC and BIPS logging in borehole KFM04A, KFM04B, HFM09 and HFM10. Gustafsson J, Gustafsson C.
/6/ SKB P-report P-03-75. Forsmark site investigation. Bedrock mapping. Rock types, their petrographic and geochemical characteristics, and a structural analysis of the bedrock based on Stage 1 (2002) surface data. Stephens M B, Lundqvist S, Bergman T, Andersson J, 2003.
2�
Appendix 1
Geological single-hole interpretation for KFM04A
26
Gra
nite
, fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
Pegm
atite
, peg
mat
itic
gran
iteG
rani
te, g
rano
dior
ite a
nd to
nalit
e, m
etam
orph
ic, f
ine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
edG
rani
te to
gra
nodi
orite
, met
amor
phic
, med
ium
-gra
ined
Gra
nodi
orite
, met
amor
phic
Am
phib
olite
Fels
ic to
inte
rmed
iate
vol
cani
c ro
ck, m
etam
orph
ic
Oxi
dize
dC
hlor
itisi
zed
Epid
otis
ized
Seric
itisi
zed
Arg
illiz
atio
n
dens
<268
0 (G
rani
te)
2680
<den
s<27
30 (G
rano
dior
ite)
2730
<den
s<28
00 (T
onal
ite)
2800
<den
s<28
90 (D
iorit
e)de
ns>2
890
(Gab
bro)
SILI
CA
TE D
ENSI
TYsu
s<0.
001
0.00
1<su
s<0.
010.
01<s
us<0
.1su
s>0.
1
SUSC
EPTI
BIL
ITET
gam
<20
20<g
am<3
636
<gam
<53
NA
TUR
AL
GA
MM
A
Sign
ed d
ata
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
Len
gth
[m]
1001
.420
Titl
eSI
NG
LE
HO
LE
INT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N K
FM04
A
Dia
met
er [m
m]
77
Ele
vatio
n [m
.a.s.
l.]8.
77In
clin
atio
n [°
]-6
0.07
Bor
ehol
eK
FM04
A
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9892
1.74
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
Eas
ting
[m]
1630
978.
96
Dat
e of
map
ping
2003
-12-
08 0
0:00
:00
RO
CK
TYPE
FOR
SMA
RK
Plot
Dat
e20
06-0
9-20
21:
10:1
2
Dri
lling
Sto
p D
ate
2003
-06-
30 1
7:40
:00
Bea
ring
[°]
45.2
4
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
N
Dri
lling
Sta
rt D
ate
2003
-05-
20 0
7:00
:00
Roc
kTy
peR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Ope
n an
dP
artly
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
030
Cru
sh
BO
REM
AP
DA
TA
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Nat
ural
Gam
ma
Rad
iatio
n
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
ty
Est
imat
edFr
actu
re F
req
(fr/m
)
020
GEN
ERA
LIZE
D G
EOPH
YSIC
AL
DA
TA
Des
crip
tion
Roc
k U
nit
Roc
k U
nit O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Roc
k U
nit S
eale
d Fr
actu
res
(Pro
ject
ion
Wul
ff)
RO
CK
UN
IT
Des
crip
tion
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
POSS
IBLE
DEF
OR
MA
TIO
N Z
ON
ESD
epth
1m:5
00m
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.
0
110.
0
120.
0
130.
0
140.
0
12.0
0
88.0
0
RU
1Fi
ne-g
rain
ed, f
elsi
c to
in
term
edia
te m
etav
olca
nic
rock
and
fine
- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
met
agra
nodi
orite
and
m
etag
rani
te in
ap
prox
imat
ely
equa
l pr
opor
tions
. Sub
ordi
nate
oc
curr
ence
s of
peg
mat
itic
gran
ite a
nd a
t bas
e of
the
sect
ion
one
c. 1
m w
ide
amph
ibol
ite. C
onfid
ence
le
vel =
2
88.0
0
RU
2S
trong
ly fo
liate
d, fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rano
dior
ite w
ith
subo
rdin
ate
occu
rren
ces
ofpe
gmat
itic
gran
ite,
fine-
grai
ned,
fels
ic to
in
term
edia
te m
etav
olca
nic
rock
in th
e up
per h
alf o
f th
e in
terv
al a
nd
amph
ibol
ite in
the
low
er
half
of th
e in
terv
al.
Gen
eral
ly in
crea
sed
fract
ure
frequ
ency
rela
tive
to th
e lo
wer
hal
f of t
he
bore
hole
Gen
eral
lyhi
gher
169.
00D
Z1S
light
ly in
crea
sed
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 1
2�
150.
0
160.
0
170.
0
180.
0
190.
0
200.
0
210.
0
220.
0
230.
0
240.
0
250.
0
260.
0
270.
0
280.
0
290.
0
300.
0
310.
0
320.
0
330.
0
340.
0
350.
0
177.
00
bore
hole
.Gen
eral
lyhi
gher
dens
ity a
nd lo
wer
nat
ural
ga
mm
a ra
diat
ion
rela
tive
to
the
rock
uni
t bel
ow.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3
177.
00
275.
00
RU
3aS
trong
ly fo
liate
d, fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
am
phib
olite
, an
d a
few
occ
urre
nces
of
fine-
gra
ined
, fel
sic
to
inte
rmed
iate
met
avol
cani
c ro
ck a
nd fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
toid
. Gen
eral
ly
incr
ease
d fra
ctur
e fre
quen
cy re
lativ
e to
the
low
er h
alf o
f the
bor
ehol
e.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
275.
00
342.
00
RU
4M
ore
inho
mog
eneo
us
mix
ture
of s
trong
ly fo
liate
d,
fine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
met
agra
nite
-gra
nodi
orite
and
fine-
grai
ned,
fels
ic to
in
term
edia
te m
etav
olca
nic
rock
. Sub
ordi
nate
oc
curr
ence
s of
peg
mat
itic
gran
ite, a
mph
ibol
ite a
nd
fine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
met
agra
nito
id. T
wo
duct
ile,
high
stra
in z
ones
in th
e lo
wer
par
t of t
he ro
ck u
nit.
Gen
eral
ly in
crea
sed
fract
ure
frequ
ency
rela
tive
to th
e lo
wer
hal
f of t
he
bore
hole
. Con
fiden
ce le
vel
= 3.
342.
00R
U5
Mix
ture
of f
ine-
to
med
ium
-gra
ined
met
agra
nito
id a
nd s
trong
ly
176.
00
frequ
ency
of b
oth
seal
ed
and
open
, ste
eply
dip
ping
fra
ctur
es. G
ener
ally
wea
k ox
idat
ion.
Pre
dom
inan
t fra
ctur
e fil
lings
are
cal
cite
, ch
lorit
e, h
emat
ite a
nd
preh
nite
. Cle
arly
de
crea
sed
elec
tric
resi
stiv
ity a
nd s
light
ly
decr
ease
d P
-wav
e ve
loci
ty. O
ne o
rient
ed
rada
r ref
lect
or o
ccur
s at
17
0.9
m w
ith th
e or
ient
atio
n 32
6/32
and
one
no
n-or
ient
ed a
t 168
.6 m
w
ith th
e an
gle
55 d
egre
es
to b
oreh
ole
axis
. C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 2
.
202.
00
213.
00
DZ2
Mar
ked
incr
ease
d fre
quen
cy o
f fla
t lyi
ng,
open
frac
ture
s an
d st
eepl
y di
ppin
g, s
eale
d fra
ctur
es.
Frac
ture
ape
rture
s ra
nge
up to
7 m
m in
wid
th.
Gen
eral
ly fa
int t
o w
eak
oxid
atio
n. P
redo
min
ant
fract
ure
min
eral
s ar
e ca
lcite
, hem
atite
and
ch
lorit
e. A
lso
a fe
w
fract
ures
with
epi
dote
and
la
umon
tite.
Cle
arly
de
crea
sed
elec
tric
resi
stiv
ity a
nd s
light
ly
decr
ease
d P
-wav
e ve
loci
ty. T
wo
rada
r re
flect
ors
occu
r at 2
05.9
m
(128
/73)
and
at 2
10.9
m
(316
/11)
and
one
no
n-or
ient
ed ra
dar
refle
ctor
at 2
08.6
m w
ith
an in
ters
ectio
n an
gle
to
the
bore
hole
of 4
8 de
gree
s. C
onfid
ence
leve
l =
3.
232.
00
242
00
DZ3
Mar
ked
incr
ease
d fre
quen
cy o
f fla
t lyi
ng,
open
frac
ture
s fil
led
by
calc
ite, h
emat
ite a
nd
chlo
rite.
Fra
ctur
e ap
ertu
res
rang
e up
to
mor
e th
an 1
0 m
m in
wid
th.
One
c. 1
5 cm
wid
e cr
ush
zone
and
sea
led
netw
ork
in th
e lo
wer
par
t of t
he
poss
ible
zon
e. F
aint
to
stro
ng o
xida
tion.
Cle
arly
de
crea
sed
elec
tric
resi
stiv
ity a
nd P
-wav
e ve
loci
ty. D
istin
ct c
alip
er
anom
aly.
One
rada
r re
flect
or a
t 234
.7 m
with
th
e or
ient
atio
n 13
6/57
or
044/
9. C
onfid
ence
leve
l =
3.
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 2
2�
360.
0
370.
0
380.
0
390.
0
400.
0
410.
0
420.
0
430.
0
440.
0
450.
0
460.
0
470.
0
480.
0
490.
0
500.
0
510.
0
520.
0
530.
0
540.
0
550.
0
560.
0
443.
00
folia
ted,
fine
-to
med
ium
-gra
ined
met
agra
nite
-gra
nodi
orite
.S
ubor
dina
te o
ccur
renc
es
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
am
phib
olite
. Sev
eral
du
ctile
, hig
h st
rain
zon
es,
som
e of
whi
ch a
re
asso
ciat
ed w
ith m
usco
vite
al
tera
tion.
Gen
eral
ly
incr
ease
d fra
ctur
e fre
quen
cy re
lativ
e to
the
low
er h
alf o
f the
bor
ehol
e.
Als
o m
inor
oxi
datio
n an
d a
c. 1
5 cm
wid
e cr
ush
zone
at
a le
ngth
of c
. 360
m. I
n th
e in
terv
al 3
42-3
93 m
th
ere
are
seve
ral t
hin
sect
ions
with
hig
h na
tura
l ga
mm
a ra
diat
ion.
The
in
terv
al 3
93-4
43 m
sho
ws
a do
min
antly
low
mag
netic
su
scep
tibili
ty. C
onfid
ence
le
vel =
3.
443.
00
500.
00
RU
3bS
trong
ly fo
liate
d, fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
am
phib
olite
, an
d a
few
occ
urre
nces
of
fine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
met
agra
nito
id. G
ener
ally
in
crea
sed
fract
ure
frequ
ency
rela
tive
to th
e lo
wer
hal
f of t
he b
oreh
ole.
S
ever
al th
in in
terv
als
of
high
nat
ural
gam
ma
radi
atio
n. O
ne d
istin
ct
rada
r ref
lect
or in
ters
ects
th
e bo
reho
le a
t c. 4
25 m
an
d ca
n be
follo
wed
dow
n to
c. 6
00 m
; stri
ke 3
00
degr
ees
and
dip
60
degr
ees,
whi
ch
corr
espo
nds
in o
rient
atio
n w
ith a
peg
mat
ite c
onta
ct a
t 44
3 m
. Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
500.
00
242.
00
412.
00
462.
00
DZ4
Mar
ked
by a
net
wor
k of
fra
ctur
es m
ainl
y se
aled
by
laum
ontit
e, c
alci
te a
nd
chlo
rite.
Als
o so
me
open
fra
ctur
es w
ith a
pertu
res
grea
ter o
r equ
al to
5 m
m.
Alte
ratio
ns in
the
inte
rval
in
clud
e va
ryin
g de
gree
s of
ox
idat
ion,
epi
dotiz
atio
n an
d cl
ay a
ltera
tion.
The
po
ssib
le z
one
incl
udes
pa
rts a
ffect
ed b
y hi
gh
duct
ile s
train
. Sec
tion
412-
435
m in
dica
ted
by a
lo
w e
lect
ric re
sist
ivity
. No
othe
r geo
phys
ical
an
omal
ies.
Fiv
e or
ient
ed
rada
r ref
lect
ors
occu
r at
425.
0 m
(243
/61)
, 434
.5 m
(3
38/7
), 44
7.6
m (2
53/6
or
120/
70),
455.
2 m
(350
/8)
and
459.
3 m
(206
/87)
. Th
ree
non-
orie
nted
rada
r re
flect
ors
occu
r at 4
12.5
m
, 444
.0 m
and
459
.3 m
w
ith th
e an
gle
46, 1
1 an
d 49
deg
rees
to b
oreh
ole
axis
, res
pect
ivel
y.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 3
2�
570.
0
580.
0
590.
0
600.
0
610.
0
620.
0
630.
0
640.
0
650.
0
660.
0
670.
0
680.
0
690.
0
700.
0
710.
0
720.
0
730.
0
740.
0
750.
0
760.
0
770.
0
724.
00
RU
6aM
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
, am
phib
olite
and
fin
e- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
m
etag
rani
toid
. The
upp
er
25 m
inte
rval
of t
he ro
ck
unit
has
low
mag
netic
su
scep
tibili
ty, w
here
as th
e in
terv
al 6
36-7
24 m
has
hi
gh m
agne
tic
susc
eptib
ility
. Con
fiden
ce
leve
l = 3
.
724.
00
743.
00
RU
7aFi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed,
horn
blen
de-r
ich
quar
tz-fe
ldsp
ar ro
ck
(map
ped
as a
mph
ibol
ite),
with
sul
phid
e di
ssem
inat
ion.
Sub
ordi
nate
occ
urre
nces
of
med
ium
-gra
ined
m
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itean
d pe
gmat
itic
gran
ite.
Hig
h de
nsity
, low
mag
netic
su
scep
tibili
ty a
nd lo
w
natu
ral g
amm
a ra
diat
ion.
C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 3
.
743.
00
654.
00
661.
00
DZ5
Mar
ked
by in
crea
sed
frequ
ency
of s
eale
d fra
ctur
es a
nd w
eak
oxid
atio
n. C
orre
spon
ds
also
to a
brit
tle-d
uctil
e hi
gh
stra
in z
one
and
a c.
1 m
w
ide
amph
ibol
ite.
Pre
dom
inan
t fra
ctur
e se
alin
g m
iner
als
are
preh
nite
, cal
cite
, epi
dote
an
d ch
lorit
e. C
lear
ly
decr
ease
d el
ectri
c re
sist
ivity
and
slig
htly
de
crea
sed
P-w
ave
velo
city
. One
dis
tinct
rada
r re
flect
or a
t 658
.0 m
with
th
e or
ient
atio
n 14
3/78
and
on
e no
n-or
ient
ed a
t a
leng
th o
f 654
.8 m
with
the
angl
e 55
deg
rees
to
bore
hole
axi
s. C
onfid
ence
le
vel =
2.
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 4
30
780.
0
790.
0
800.
0
810.
0
820.
0
830.
0
840.
0
850.
0
860.
0
870.
0
880.
0
890.
0
900.
0
910.
0
920.
0
930.
0
940.
0
950.
0
960.
0
970.
0
980.
0
938.
00
RU
6bM
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
am
phib
olite
, as
wel
l as
two
min
or
occu
rren
ces
of fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
toid
and
one
, al
mos
t 2 m
wid
e oc
curr
ence
of f
ine-
grai
ned,
fe
lsic
to in
term
edia
te
met
avol
cani
c ro
ck.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
3.
938.
00
967.
00
RU
8Fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
met
agra
nito
id w
ith
subo
rdin
ate
occu
rren
ces
of
pegm
atiti
c gr
anite
and
m
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
ite.
The
who
le ro
ck u
nit h
as
low
mag
netic
sus
cept
ibili
ty
and
partl
y in
crea
sed
dens
ity. C
onfid
ence
leve
l =
3.
967.
00R
U6c
Med
ium
grai
ned
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
Page 5
31
990.
0
1000
.0
1010
.0
1020
.0
1030
.0
1040
.0
1050
.0
1060
.0
1070
.0
1080
.0
1090
.0
990.
00
Med
ium
-gra
ined
met
agra
nite
-gra
nodi
orite
with
sub
ordi
nate
oc
curr
ence
s of
fine
- to
med
ium
-gra
ined
met
agra
nito
id a
nd
pegm
atiti
c gr
anite
. C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 3
.
990.
00
999.
00
RU
7bFi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed,
horn
blen
de-r
ich
quar
tz-fe
ldsp
ar ro
ck
(map
ped
as a
mph
ibol
ite),
with
sul
phid
e di
ssem
inat
ion.
Sub
ordi
nate
occ
urre
nces
of
med
ium
-gra
ined
m
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itean
d pe
gmat
itic
gran
ite.
Hig
h de
nsity
, low
mag
netic
su
scep
tibili
ty a
nd lo
w
natu
ral g
amm
a ra
diat
ion.
C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 3
.
999.
00
1001
.42
RU
6dM
ediu
m-g
rain
edm
etag
rani
te-g
rano
dior
itew
ith o
ne, m
inor
occ
urre
nce
of p
egm
atiti
c gr
anite
. C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 3
.
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 6
33
Appendix 2
Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM09
34
Gra
nite
, met
amor
phic
, apl
itic
Tona
lite
to g
rano
dior
ite, m
etam
orph
icA
mph
ibol
ite
Oxi
dize
dC
hlor
itisi
zed
SILI
CA
TE D
ENSI
TYSU
SCEP
TIB
ILIT
ETN
ATU
RA
L G
AM
MA
Sign
ed d
ata
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
Len
gth
[m]
50.2
50
Titl
eSI
NG
LE
HO
LE
INT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N H
FM09
Dia
met
er [m
m]
141
Ele
vatio
n [m
.a.s.
l.]5.
15In
clin
atio
n [°
]-6
8.89
Bor
ehol
eH
FM09
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9906
4.65
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
Eas
ting
[m]
1630
869.
12
Dat
e of
map
ping
2003
-10-
27 0
0:00
:00
RO
CK
TYPE
FOR
SMA
RK
Plot
Dat
e20
06-0
9-20
21:
10:1
2
Dri
lling
Sto
p D
ate
2003
-06-
30 0
9:00
:00
Bea
ring
[°]
139.
36
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
N
Dri
lling
Sta
rt D
ate
2003
-06-
18 1
2:30
:00
Roc
kTy
peR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Ope
n an
dP
artly
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
030
Cru
shP
entra
tion
Rat
e (s
/20c
m)
050
BO
REM
AP
DA
TA
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Nat
ural
Gam
ma
Rad
iatio
n
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
ty
Est
imat
edFr
actu
re F
req
(fr/m
)
020
GEN
ERA
LIZE
D G
EOPH
YSIC
AL
DA
TA
Des
crip
tion
Roc
k U
nit
Roc
k U
nit O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Roc
k U
nit S
eale
d Fr
actu
res
(Pro
ject
ion
Wul
ff)
RO
CK
UN
IT
Des
crip
tion
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
POSS
IBLE
DEF
OR
MA
TIO
N Z
ON
ESD
epth
1m:5
00m
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
17.0
0
50.0
0
RU
1Fi
ne-g
rain
edm
etat
onal
ite-g
rano
dior
itew
ith s
ubor
dina
te
occu
rren
ces
ofam
phib
olite
, apl
itic
met
agra
nite
and
fin
e-gr
aine
d, fe
lsic
to
inte
rmed
iate
met
avol
cani
c ro
ck, a
nd o
ne o
ccur
renc
e of
peg
mat
itic
gran
ite.
Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
2.
18.0
0
28.0
0
DZ1
The
poss
ible
zon
e is
de
fined
by
an in
crea
sed
frequ
ency
of
flat l
ying
, op
en fr
actu
res
and
two
maj
or c
rush
zon
es; o
ne o
f th
em c
. 1.5
m w
ide.
Lo
cally
med
ium
oxi
datio
n.
The
crus
h zo
nes
corr
espo
nd to
two
rada
r re
flect
ors
with
90
and
78
degr
ees
to th
e bo
reho
le
axis
. Con
fiden
ce le
vel =
2.
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 1
3�
Appendix 3
Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM10
36
Pegm
atite
, peg
mat
itic
gran
iteG
rani
te, m
etam
orph
ic, a
pliti
cG
rani
te to
gra
nodi
orite
, met
amor
phic
, med
ium
-gra
ined
Tona
lite
to g
rano
dior
ite, m
etam
orph
icA
mph
ibol
ite
Oxi
dize
dde
ns<2
680
(Gra
nite
)26
80<d
ens<
2730
(Gra
nodi
orite
)27
30<d
ens<
2800
(Ton
alite
)28
00<d
ens<
2890
(Dio
rite)
dens
>289
0 (G
abbr
o)
SILI
CA
TE D
ENSI
TYsu
s<0.
001
0.00
1<su
s<0.
010.
01<s
us<0
.1
SUSC
EPTI
BIL
ITET
gam
<20
20<g
am<3
636
<gam
<53
NA
TUR
AL
GA
MM
A
Sign
ed d
ata
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
emR
T90-
RH
B70
Len
gth
[m]
150.
000
Titl
eSI
NG
LE
HO
LE
INT
ER
PRE
TA
TIO
N H
FM10
Dia
met
er [m
m]
139
Ele
vatio
n [m
.a.s.
l.]4.
99In
clin
atio
n [°
]-6
8.69
Bor
ehol
eH
FM10
Site
FOR
SMA
RK
Nor
thin
g [m
]66
9883
4.79
Surv
eyin
g D
ate
Eas
ting
[m]
1631
037.
19
Dat
e of
map
ping
2003
-10-
17 0
0:00
:00
RO
CK
TYPE
FOR
SMA
RK
Plot
Dat
e20
06-0
9-20
21:
10:1
2
Dri
lling
Sto
p D
ate
2003
-08-
19 1
6:57
:00
Bea
ring
[°]
92.9
3
RO
CK
ALT
ERA
TIO
N
Dri
lling
Sta
rt D
ate
2003
-08-
11 0
9:10
:00
Roc
kTy
peR
ock
Alte
ratio
n
Ope
n an
dP
artly
Ope
nFr
actu
res
030
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s
030
Cru
shP
entra
tion
Rat
e (s
/20c
m)
050
BO
REM
AP
DA
TA
Sili
cate
Den
sity
Nat
ural
Gam
ma
Rad
iatio
n
Mag
netic
Sus
cept
ibili
ty
Est
imat
edFr
actu
re F
req
(fr/m
)
020
GEN
ERA
LIZE
D G
EOPH
YSIC
AL
DA
TA
Des
crip
tion
Roc
k U
nit
Roc
k U
nit O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Roc
k U
nit S
eale
d Fr
actu
res
(Pro
ject
ion
Wul
ff)
RO
CK
UN
IT
Des
crip
tion
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
O
pen
and
Par
tly O
pen
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
Pos
sibl
e D
efor
mat
ion
Zone
Sea
led
Frac
ture
s(P
roje
ctio
n W
ulff)
POSS
IBLE
DEF
OR
MA
TIO
N Z
ON
ESD
epth
1m:5
00m
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.
0
110.
0
120.
0
130.
0
140.
0
12.0
0
RU
1Fi
ne- t
o m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
met
aton
alite
-gra
nodi
orite
with
sub
ordi
nate
oc
curr
ence
of a
mph
ibol
ite,
fine-
to m
ediu
m-g
rain
ed
met
agra
nite
-gra
nodi
orite
,pe
gmat
itic
gran
ite, a
pliti
c m
etag
rani
te a
nd a
few
m
inor
occ
urre
nces
of
fine-
grai
ned,
fels
ic to
in
term
edia
te m
etav
olca
nic
rock
. Sili
cate
den
sity
in
dica
tes
mai
nly
tona
litic
co
mpo
sitio
n. C
onfid
ence
le
vel =
2.
65.0
0
69.0
0
DZ1
Slig
ht in
crea
se in
the
frequ
ency
of o
pen
fract
ures
. Als
o a
min
or
crus
h zo
ne a
nd s
trong
ox
idat
ion.
Thr
ee ra
dar
refle
ctor
s w
ith 2
1, 4
0 an
d 57
deg
rees
to th
e bo
reho
le a
xis.
Dec
reas
e in
ele
ctric
resi
stiv
ity a
nd
P-w
ave
velo
city
. Min
or
calip
er a
nom
aly.
C
onfid
ence
leve
l = 2
108.
00
117.
00
DZ2
Dec
reas
e in
ele
ctric
re
sist
ivity
and
P-w
ave
velo
city
. Dis
tinct
cal
iper
an
omal
y. T
hree
rada
r re
flect
ors
with
23,
59
and
90 d
egre
es to
the
bore
hole
axi
s. C
onfid
ence
le
vel =
2.
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
0°
270°
90°
180° 0°
270°
90°
180°
Page 1
3�
150
014
9.00
Page 2