fosi

• FOSI

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Forseti - Frisian Fosite

1 Willebrord, the saint visited an island between Frisia and Denmark that

was sacred to Fosite and was called Fositesland after the god worshipped

there



1 The stranger and the spring are identified with Fosite and the sacred spring of

Fositesland.



1 Fosite has been suggested to be a loan of Greek Poseidon into pre-

Proto-Germanic, perhaps via Greeks purchasing amber (Pytheas is known to have visited the area of Heligoland

in search of amber).The equation Greek Poseidon = Germanic Fosite was noted at least as early as 1977

in Franz Spilka, Rätsel der Heimat nr. 21.


Miltefosine

1 'Miltefosine' (International Nonproprietary Name|INN, trade

names 'Impavido' and 'Miltex') is a phospholipid medication|drug


Miltefosine

1 On 19 March 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration approved

miltefosine for any form of leishmaniasis, specifically for

patients of 12 years of age and older, and became the first approved drug

for Cutaneous leishmaniasis|cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis.


Miltefosine

1 In 2013, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended

miltefosin as the only and first line therapy for granulomatous amoebic encephalitis

and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, two fatal protozoal diseases. For the first

time in history, in 2013, two children survived and recovered from primary amoebic meningoencephalitis after

treatment with miltefosin.


Miltefosine - Medical uses

1 Several medical agents have some efficacy against visceral or cutaneous

leishmaniasis, however a 2005 survey concluded that miltefosine is the only effective oral treatment for

both forms of leishmaniasis


Miltefosine - Medical uses

1 Miltefosine is being made available in the United States through the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention|CDC for emergency use under an expanded access Investigational New Drug|IND protocol for

treatment of free-living amoeba (FLA) infections: Primary amoebic

meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia

mandrillaris, and Acanthamoeba species.


Miltefosine - Side effects

1 The main adverse drug reaction|side effects reported with miltefosine treatment are nausea and vomiting, which occur in 60% of patients. Adverse effect is more severe in women and young children. The overall effects are quite

mild and easily reversed. It is embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats and rabbits, and teratogenic in

rats but not in rabbits. It is therefore contraindicated for use during pregnancy, and contraception is required beyond the end of treatment in women of child-bearing age.


Miltefosine - History

1 It was subsequently found that miltefosine was structurally unique

among lipids having anticancer property in that it lacks the glycerol

group, is highly selective on cell types and acts through different

mechanism.


Miltefosine - History

1 Eventually, several successful Phase II and III trials led to the approval of miltefosine in 2002 as the first and

only oral drug for leishmaniasis.


Miltefosine - Antiprotozoal and antifungal activities

1 Miltefosine is being investigated by researchers interested in finding

treatments for infections which have become resistant to existing drugs. Animal and in vitro studies suggest it may have broad anti-protozoal and

anti-fungal properties:



1 * Animal studies suggest miltefosine may also be effective against

Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for Chagas' disease.



1 * A 2006 in vitro study found that miltefosine is effective against

metronidazole-resistant variants of Trichomonas vaginalis|Trichomonas

vaginalis, a sexually transmitted protozoal disease.



1 * Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a compound structurally

similar to miltefosine, was demonstrated in 2007 to exhibit potent in vitro activity against

Plasmodium falciparum.



1 *An in vitro test in 2006 showed that miltefosine is effective gainst amoebic pathogens,

Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Acanthamoeba species. However, later studies showed that it is not as potent as other drugs,

such as chlorpromazine and diminazene aceturate (Berenil®). In 2014 it was reported

that treatment of Acanthamoeba encephalitis in a 63-year-old male was not cured by

miltefosine, or sulfadiazine, fluconazole, flucytosine, and azithromycin.



1 *In 2013, there were reports of failure of miltefosine in the treatment

of leishmaniasis. Although drug resistance was suspected, studies in 2014 reported that miltefosine is not

so effective in children, most probably related to a lack of drug exposure in children. Moverover, males appeared to have a higher

probability of relapse as well.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Miltefosine - Anti-HIV activity

1 Miltefosine acts by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway|PI3K/Akt

pathway, thus removing the infected macrophages from circulation, without affecting healthy cells


Tifosi

1 'Tifosi' () is an Italian language|Italian word to describe a group of

supporters or fans, especially in sports. Tifosi is used for a mixed

gender or an all-male group; masculine singular tifoso, feminine

singular tifosa, feminine plural tifose.


Tifosi - Formula 1

1 It has become common to use the word Tifosi to refer to the supporters of Scuderia Ferrari in Formula One.


Tifosi - Formula 1

1 The Tifosi provide Formula One with some of its most iconic images , as a sea of red fills the grandstands at the

Italian Grand Prix. A similar sight could be observed in former years during the San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino race

which was held at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari near the town of Imola, only

80 km (49.7 mi) east of the Ferrari factory in Maranello.


Tifosi - Formula 1

1 One of the most common Tifosi sights is the display of an enormous

Ferrari flag in the grandstands during Formula 1 weekends at every race

circuit, with especially large contingents showing up in Ferrari

livery at home and nearby European tracks.


Tifosi - Formula 1

1 It has not been uncommon for the Tifosi in Italy to actually cheer for a non-Italian driver

in a Ferrari passing an Italian driver in another make of car for the lead of a race. At the 1983 San Marino Grand Prix, the crowd at Imola cheered long and loud when Riccardo Patrese crashed his Brabham BT52|Brabham out of the lead of the race only 6 laps from home, handing Frenchman Patrick Tambay

the win in his Ferrari. Patrese himself had only passed Tambay for the lead half a lap earlier.


Tifosi - Formula 1

1 One driver who never actually drove for the Prancing Horse, but will

forever hold a special place in the hearts of the Tifosi is Frenchman

Jean-Louis Schlesser


Tifosi - Cycling

1 Passionate supporters of Italian cycling teams cyclists are called 'the tifosi'.


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