Fossil Fuels

Fossil Fuels

Where does the name come from?????

3 types:

Solid: Coal

Liquid: Oil

Gas: Natural Gas

Why do they have energy?

Carbon bonds

How do we release the Energy?

Burn them!!!!

For Each.

Formation

Extraction

Energy Production and Uses

Environmental Problems

Account for 90% of world energy consumption

40% Oil

24% Coal

22% NG

Coal

Coal Intro

Cheapest and most polluting

Used for centuries but did not become dominant fuel until 18th century (replaced wood)

Fueled Industrial Revolution

US has ~25% of worlds coal

China has large deposits too

Remnants of.

Ancient PLANT material from SWAMPY LAND

LEPIDODENDREN

SIGILLARIA

WHEN???

Carboniferous Period

360-290 mys

Needs.

Partial Decomposition

Time

Heat

Pressure

Terms

Moss

Peat

Lignite

Bituminous

Anthracite

Peat: Pre-coal; Low heat content

1. Lignite- Youngest; Largest portion; Lowest C content

Soft coal, brown-black in color, soft, woody texture

Moist & produces little heat

Often used in power plants

Found in Western states

2. Bituminous Coal (most common)

Also soft (but harder than lignite)

Dull to bright black with dull bands

Contains sulfur (which means)

Produces lots of heat so used by power plants- most common

3. Anthracite or Hard Coal

Exposed to extremely high temps during formation

Burns most cleanly

Highest heat-producing capacity

Oil and Natural Gas

Intro

1940s:oil & ng become important (easier to transport and cleaner)

Distribution is uneven

Half of the oil: Persian Gulf

Half the ng: Russia & Iran

Exist on continental shelf

Usually discovered under structural traps (geological features that trap oil or ng)

Supplies will run out before coal

Remnants of.

Ancient AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC organisms

When????

Carboniferous Period

Needs.

Partial Decomposition

Time

Heat

Pressure

Natural Gas= higher temperatures

http://www.npr.org/news/specials/climate/video/

How do we get them out of the ground????

Extraction of Fossil Fuels

Coal

Surface

Strip

Open Pit

Mountaintop Removal

Subsurface

Slope

Shaft

Strip

Open Pit

Mountaintop Removal

http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/261997/january-18-2010/coal-comfort---margaret-palmer

Shaft

Slope

Problems?

Surface?

Ruins the Environment

Subsurface?

Dangerous

Oil and Natural Gas

Drilling for petroleum (land or ocean)

Refine- separate

Drilling & Fracking

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=timfvNgr_Q4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeXG8K5_UvU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_CcrgKLyzc&feature=related

Uses

Energy Generation

Coal

Electricity Generation

Industrial Processes

Oil

Transportation

Fuels

Industrial Processes

Cement

Plastic

Heating

Natural Gas

Heating

Electricity

Concept Map Time

I will give you the pollutants- you link them to environmental issues

Environmental Problems

Coal: CO2, SO2, Hg

Oil: CO2, Nox

Natural Gas: CO2