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English Cluster 2 Foundation Ahmed Bin Hanbal Independent Secondary School 2012-2013 1

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Page 1: Foundations Final

English

Cluster 2

Foundation

Ahmed Bin Hanbal Independent Secondary School2012-2013

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Page 2: Foundations Final

Video Script:

The most massive tsunami perfect storm is bearing down upon us. This perfect storm is mounting a grim reality, increasingly grim reality, and we are facing that reality with the full belief that we can solve our problems with technology, and that's very understandable. Now, this perfect storm that we are facing is the result of our rising population, rising towards 10 billion people, land that is turning to desert, and, of course, climate change.Now there's no question about it at all: we will only solve the problem of replacing fossil fuels with technology. But fossil fuels, carbon -- coal and gas -- are by no means the only thing that is causing climate change.Desertification is a fancy word for land that is turning to desert, and this happens only when we create too much bare ground. There's no other cause. And I intend to focus on most of the world's land that is turning to desert.

But I have for you a very simple message that offers more hope than you can imagine. We have environments where humidity is guaranteed throughout the year. On those, it is almost impossible to create vast areas of bare ground. No matter what you do, nature covers it up so quickly. And we have environments where we have months of humidity followed by months of dryness, and that is where desertification is occurring. Fortunately, with space technology now, we can look at it from space, and when we do, you can see the proportions fairly well. Generally, what you see in green is not desertifying, and what you see in brown is, and these are by far the greatest areas of the Earth. About two thirds, I would guess, of the world is desertifying.

I took this picture in the Tihamah Desert while 25 millimeters -- that's an inch of rain -- was falling. Think of it in terms of drums of water, each containing 200 liters. Over 1,000 drums of water fell on every hectare of that land that day. The next day, the land looked like this. Where had that water gone? Some of it ran off as flooding, but most of the water that soaked into the soil simply evaporated out again, exactly as it does in your garden if you leave the soil uncovered. Now, because the fate of water and carbon are tied to soil organic matter, when we damage soils, you give off carbon. Carbon goes back to the atmosphere.

Now you're told over and over, repeatedly, that desertification is only occurring in arid and semi-arid areas of the world, and that tall grasslands like this one in high rainfall are of no consequence. But if you do not look at grasslands but look down into them, you find that most of the soil in that grassland that you've just seen is bare and covered with a crust of algae, leading to increased runoff and evaporation. That is the cancer of desertification that we do not recognize till its terminal form.

Now we know that desertification is caused by livestock, mostly cattle, sheep and goats, overgrazing the plants, leaving the soil bare and giving off methane. Almost everybody knows this, from nobel laureates to golf caddies, or was taught it, as I was. Now, the environments like you see here, dusty environments in Africa where I grew up, and I loved wildlife, and so I grew up hating livestock because of the damage they were doing. And then my university education as an ecologist reinforced my beliefs.

Well, I have news for you. We were once just as certain that the world was flat. We were wrong then, and we are wrong again. And I want to invite you now to come along on my journey of reeducation and discovery.

When I was a young man, a young biologist in Africa, I was involved in setting aside marvelous areas as future national parks. Now no sooner — this was in the 1950s — and no sooner did we remove the hunting, drum-beating people to protect the animals, then the land began to deteriorate, as you see in this park that we formed. Now, no livestock were involved, but suspecting that we had too many elephants now, I did the research and I proved we had too many, and I recommended that we would have to reduce their numbers and bring them down to a level that the land could sustain.

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Now, that was a terrible decision for me to have to make, and it was political dynamite, frankly. So our government formed a team of experts to evaluate my research. They did. They agreed with me, and over the following years, we shot 40,000 elephants to try to stop the damage. And it got worse, not better. Loving elephants as I do, that was the saddest and greatest blunder of my life, and I will carry that to my grave. One good thing did come out of it. It made me absolutely determined to devote my life to finding solutions.

When I came to the United States, I got a shock, to find national parks like this one desertifying as badly as anything in Africa. And there'd been no livestock on this land for over 70 years. And I found that American scientists had no explanation for this except that it is arid and natural. So I then began looking at all the research plots I could over the whole of the Western United States where cattle had been removed to prove that it would stop desertification, but I found the opposite, as we see on this research station, where this grassland that was green in 1961, by 2002 had changed to that situation. And the authors of the position paper on climate change from which I obtained these pictures attribute this change to "unknown processes."

Clearly, we have never understood what is causing desertification, which has destroyed many civilizations and now threatens us globally. We have never understood it. Take one square meter of soil and make it bare like this is down here, and I promise you, you will find it much colder at dawn and much hotter at midday than that same piece of ground if it's just covered with litter, plant litter. You have changed the microclimate. Now, by the time you are doing that and increasing greatly the percentage of bare ground on more than half the world's land, you are changing macroclimate. But we have just simply not understood why was it beginning to happen 10,000 years ago? Why has it accelerated lately? We had no understanding of that.

What we had failed to understand was that these seasonal humidity environments of the world, the soil and the vegetation developed with very large numbers of grazing animals, and that these grazing animals developed with ferocious pack-hunting predators. Now, the main defense against pack-hunting predators is to get into herds, and the larger the herd, the safer the individuals. Now, large herds dung and urinate all over their own food, and they have to keep moving, and it was that movement that prevented the overgrazing of plants, while the periodic trampling ensured good cover of the soil, as we see where a herd has passed.

This picture is a typical seasonal grassland. It has just come through four months of rain, and it's now going into eight months of dry season. And watch the change as it goes into this long dry season. Now, all of that grass you see aboveground has to decay biologically before the next growing season, and if it doesn't, the grassland and the soil begin to die. Now, if it does not decay biologically, it shifts to oxidation, which is a very slow process, and this smothers and kills grasses, leading to a shift to woody vegetation and bare soil, releasing carbon. To prevent that, we have traditionally used fire. But fire also leaves the soil bare, releasing carbon, and worse than that, burning one hectare of grassland gives off more, and more damaging, pollutants than 6,000 cars. And we are burning in Africa, every single year, more than one billion hectares of grasslands, and almost nobody is talking about it. We justify the burning, as scientists, because it does remove the dead material and it allows the plants to grow.

Now, looking at this grassland of ours that has gone dry, what could we do to keep that healthy? And bear in mind, I'm talking of most of the world's land now. Okay? We cannot reduce animal numbers to rest it more without causing desertification and climate change. We cannot burn it without causing desertification and climate change. What are we going to do? There is only one option, I'll repeat to you, only one option left to climatologists and scientists, and that is to do the unthinkable, and to use livestock, bunched and moving, as a proxy for former herds and predators, and mimic nature. There is no other alternative left to mankind.

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So let's do that. So on this bit of grassland, we'll do it, but just in the foreground. We'll impact it very heavily with cattle to mimic nature, and we've done so, and look at that. All of that grass is now covering the soil as dung, urine and litter or mulch, as every one of the gardeners amongst you would understand, and that soil is ready to absorb and hold the rain, to store carbon, and to break down methane. And we did that, without using fire to damage the soil, and the plants are free to grow.

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15Listening

Read the questions, then listen to Allan Savory, the Zimbabwean biologist, talking about environment problems. Answer the questions as you listen or immediately after. You will be given a second playing of the video and a final opportunity to answer the questions. You will be asked 9 multiple choice questions and 2 constructed response questions.

1. Who is most probably the targeted audience of this speech?A. expertsB. doctorsC. normal peopleD. science teachers

2. Which of the following can better describe the main purpose of the speaker?A. to persuade the audience with the bad effects of deforestationB. to persuade the audience with the importance of killing elephantsC. to persuade the audience with the use of technology to protect the environmentD. to persuade the audience with the use of livestock and farm animals to limit desertification

3. According to the speaker, which of the following problems can be solved by using technology?A. fossil fuelB. climate changeC. rising populationD. land turning into a desert

4. How much of the Earth’s area is threatened by desertification?A. ¼ of the Earth areaB. ½ of the Earth areaC. ¾ of the Earth areaD. 2/

3 of the Earth area

5. Which of the following best describes the tone of the speech? A. angryB. cheerfulC. sarcastic D. balanced

6. Based on the audio, what will happen when we damage soils?

A. the land will give off ozoneB. the land will give off carbon C. the land will give off oxygen D. the land will give off hydrogen

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7. When did the speaker start his career as a biologist?A. in the 1940sB. in the 1950sC. in the 1960sD. in the 1970s

8. Why did the scientists kill 40,000 elephants?A. because Allan Savory thought elephants caused land degradationB. because Allan Savory thought elephants destroyed smaller animalsC. because Allan Savory found that elephants carried a dangerous virusD. because Allan Savory proved that elephants damaged trees and plants

9. Why was the speaker shocked when he came to the United States? A. because he found that the national parks were not guardedB. because he found that the national parks had increased in numberC. because he found that the national parks had decreased in numberD. because he found that the national parks were desertifying as in Africa

10. Why did Allan believe at the end of his speech that the solution he presented is the best alternative to desertification? Justify your answer with two pieces of evidence.

11. How far was the speaker successful in delivering his speech? Use two details and information from the speech to support your answer.

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15Reading

DirectionsIn this section you will read a passage and answer 9 multiple choice questions and 2 constructed response questions. Scientific research has gained more importance these days. Many people think that it should be implemented in schools as part of the academic syllabus.

Research is a need not a luxury

1 A reality that is not lost on anyone is that scientific research is no longer an academic luxury but has become a major instrument in the new global educational system. Nowadays, countries all over the world are racing toward reaching the highest technological knowledge, which is a guarantee of the comfort and well-being of their people. All the same, scientific research definitely opens doors to creativity, art, and excellence among communities from different cultures.

2 Scientific research starts from the bounds of the human heritage of concepts and ideas to gain access to new discoveries. As such, scientific research allows for a new understanding of the past, new start in the present, and a forward-looking vision for the future.

3 No doubt, the recent cooperation between the Education Commission of the SEC (Supreme Council of Education) and the Qatari Fund for the Development of Scientific Research will boost and support various scientific research activities in independent schools under the Secondary School Research Experience Program (SSREP). Such a program will contribute to building a generation that is capable of taking responsibility and leading the country to more prosperity and progress. Indeed, the QNFB (Qatar National Funding Program) has funded 34 projects in communication, engineering and systems with a total of $ 26.74 m.

4 Scientific research will also serve to disseminate a whole culture of research at an early educational stage, granting the opportunity for all the students to undertake research assignments related to a wide range of issues such as science, social conflicts, or even traffic problems. It will arm them with many skills that will weigh in on their identity. Training students to follow the methods of scientific research and development for information gathering, classification, and analysis will enable them to acquire the skills of critical analysis, thinking creativity, logical reasoning, and reaching scientific conclusions.

5 Students will acquire the necessary skills to solve any problems they face, making them active citizens in the future, able to effectively join organizations and undertake responsibilities in in the country. As the future generation in Qatar, they will have the ability to carry out proper planning for the future and find solutions to social issues according to scientific methods, avoiding random decisions that could cost the country major losses.

6 For those reasons, I believe that the deployment of a research culture among our students is the real investment for building the future. Therefore, we, as educators, have a huge responsibility to give the opportunity to all students in independent schools to take part in diverse research activities. We are also responsible for discovering talents and encouraging creativity, because today’s young researchers are tomorrow's prominent scientists. Through supporting them, educators will contribute to preparing future leaders. This is our duty because children are Qatar's human capital, which is the most important factor to achieve the Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030).

Khalifa Saad Al Dirham. “Scientific Research is a Need, not Luxury.” The Peninsula 27 Oct 2010.

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12. What is the text mainly about?

A. independent schools in QatarB. the different programs in independent schoolsC. the importance of research in the future of QatarD. the different arguments against scientific research

13. Which of the following statements would the author most disagree with?

A. Good planning saves time and a lot of money.B. Research skills should not be taught at an early age.C. Scientific research is important to any nation’s future.D. Research should be a part of a good educational program.

14. Read the following statement from paragraph [3]

Indeed, the QNFB (Qatar National Funding Program) has funded 34 projects in communication, engineering and systems with a total of $ 26.74 m.

What kind of evidence does the writer use?A. a surveyB. a statisticC. an anecdoteD. an expert quote

15. Read the following statement from paragraph [4]

It will arm them with many skills that will weigh in on their identity.

What does the underlined word refer to?A. scientific researchB. culture of researchC. a wide range of issuesD. the opportunity to do research assignments

16. Read these two statements from paragraph [6]:

For those reasons, I believe that the deployment of a research culture among our students is the real investment for building the future. Therefore, we, as educators, have a huge responsibility to give the opportunity to all students in independent schools to take part in diverse research activities.

What is the relationship between them?A. SummarizingB. Cause and effectC. Problem and solutionD. Comparing and contrasting

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17. Read the sentence from paragraph 6:We are also responsible for discovering talents and encouraging creativity, because today’s young researchers are tomorrow’s prominent scientists.

Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word?A. meanB. uncaringC. unknownD. important

18. Read the following statement from paragraph 4:No doubt, the recent cooperation between the Education Commission of the SEC (Supreme Council of Education) and the Qatari Fund for the Development of Scientific Research will boost and support various scientific research activities in independent schools

Which of the following expression best replaces the underlined words?A. In factB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. In conclusion

19. Which benefit of scientific research is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5?A. facilitates planningB. collects informationC. creates responsible citizensD. helps find solutions to various problems

20. According to the writer, how would secondary students acquire critical thinking skills?A. by training themB. by giving them more homeworkC. by giving them more responsibilityD. by giving them more money and laboratories

21. What is the main idea of paragraph 6? How did the writer support it?

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22. Imagine that you disagree with the writer’s ideas. Which claim would you support? Use two pieces of evidence to support your response.

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WritingDirectionsWriting: In this section you will answer 10 multiple choice writing strategy questions.

23. Read the following paragraph and answer questions 23 to 25.1 Our first vacation this summer was just as I had dreamed it would be. 2 Our first stop was at Opryland. 3 The children enjoyed the rides, and spent the biggest part of the day waiting in line and riding one after the other. 4 My wife and I were more interested in seeing the shows and eating. 5 Climbing mountains is fun. 6 Then, we travelled to the beach. 7 We all relaxed in the sun and enjoyed the carefree life. 8 We built a huge sandcastle and swam in the ocean.

Which of the following sentences would be the most suitable concluding sentence?A. Next, we spent several days at Disneyworld. B. The fireworks in the evening were beautiful.C. Everyone was amazed at the sights and the splendid colours. D. As we travelled home, everyone agreed that it was indeed the best vacation we had ever had.

24. Which sentence is irrelevant and should be deleted?A. Sentence 3B. Sentence 4C. Sentence 5D. Sentence 6

25. Read sentence 6:

Then we travelled to the beach.

Which of the following expressions best replaces the underlined word?A. BeforeB. After thatC. PreviouslyD. At that time

26. Read the following statement:

If you are thinking of adopting a pet, you might consider choosing a dog or a cat.

The underlined modal expresses:A. requestB. possibilityC. obligationD. prohibition

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27. Read the following sentence

“You are joking, Tom!” said the boss.Which of the following expresses the sentence in the indirect speech?

A. The boss said that Tom is joking.B. The boss said that Tom was joking.C. The boss said that Tom has to be joking.D. The boss said that Tom had to be joking.

28. Read the following sentence.___________he treats people kindly, he is strict in business.

Which word would best begin the sentence? A. So B. Although C. ThereforeD. Consequently

29. Which of the following statements is formal? A. I like to offer certain suggestions.B. I’m writing on behalf of my company.C. It’d likewise be valuable if we could tour the building.D. I would be delighted if you would consider the visit outlined in this letter.

30. Read the following statement:It is essential to keep queit in the classroom.

Which underlined word contains a spelling error?A. keepB. queitC. essentialD. classroom

31. Read the following statement:He used to __________in a small house, but now I live in a villa.

Which word goes in the blank?A. liveB. livesC. livedD. living

32. Which sentence is punctuated correctly?A. On the day of my exam; I woke up with a crazy feeling in my stomach.B. On the day of my exam I woke up, with a crazy feeling in my stomach.C. On the day of my exam, I woke up with a crazy feeling in my stomach.D. On the day, of my exam I woke up with a crazy feeling in my stomach.

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12

Writing

DirectionsIn this section you will respond to 2 writing prompts. One is long (argumentative or persuasive) and the other is short (functional).

Writing Prompt 1

Long Topics

Your writing will receive three scores: idea development, planning, and writing conventions.

Choose topic 1 OR topic 2

Topic 1:

Situation: Nowadays, many people believe that we cannot live without the ipad. What do you think?

Task: Write a persuasive essay in which you defend your point of view.

OR

Topic 2:

Situation: Watching TV has advantages and disadvantages.

Task: Write an argumentative essay stating the positive and negative effects of watching TV. State your own point of view.

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ProsIntroduction Cons

Conclusion

Use the following organizer to plan your ARGUMENTATIVE writing:

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Introduction

Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3

Conclusion

Use the following organizer to plan your PERSUASIVE writing:

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12Writing Prompt 2

Short Topics

Choose topic 1 OR topic 2

Your score will be based on:

- how well you develop your ideas ( 3 Points )

- your grammar, spelling and punctuation ( 2 Points )

Topic 1: A letter of complaint

Situation: You bought a microwave oven from the Lulu hypermarket with a two-year guarantee.

When you tried to use it at home, it did not work properly.

Task: Write a letter of complaint to the manager asking him for a replacement or a refund. Your

name is Mahmood Salem and your address is: P.O Box 1250, Doha, Qatar.

OR

Topic 2: A letter of request

Situation: You would like to join The Topper School of Languages to improve your English skills.

Task: Write a letter of request to the school head master asking him for more information about the

school, the people who can join the school, the cause of choosing the school, the time you can join

the school, the languages the school teaches, the maximum number of students in the class and the

facilities which the school provides to its students. Your name is Mahmood Salem and your

address is: P.O Box 1250, Doha, Qatar.

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Test Map - FoundationsItem # or Task Strand Standard DOK Response Key Points

Oral Presentation Speaking 5.2 – 5.4 3 Performance -- 181 Listening 3.2 2 MC C 12 Listening 3.2 2 MC D 13 Listening 3.2 2 MC A 14 Listening 3.2 2 MC D 15 Listening 3.2 1 MC D 16 Listening 3.2 1 MC B 17 Listening 3.2 2 MC B 18 Listening 3.2 2 MC D 19 Listening 3.2 1 MC D 1

10 Listening 3.4 3 CR 311 Listening 3.4 3 CR 312 Reading 7.6 2 MC C 113 Reading 7.5 1 MC B 114 Reading 7.5 2 MC B 115 Reading 6.4 2 MC A 116 Reading 7.8 2 MC B 117 Reading 7.7 2 MC D 118 Reading 6.4 1 MC A 119 Reading 7.5 1 MC B 120 Reading 7.6 3 MC A 121 Reading 7.5 3 CR 322 Reading 7.6 3 CR 323 Writing 9.8 2 MC D 124 Writing 8.4 2 MC C 125 Writing 9.8 1 MC B 126 Writing 9.6 2 MC B 127 Writing 9.8 2 MC B 128 Writing 9.6 1 MC B 129 Writing 9.8 1 MC D 130 Writing 8.2 1 MC B 131 Writing 8.3 2 MC A 132 Writing 9.5 1 MC C 1

Writing Prompt Writing 9.2 2 Planning _ 1Writing 9.5 3 Idea develop. _ 4Writing 8.3 1 Convention _ 2

Writing Prompt Writing 9.6 3 Idea develop. _ 4Writing 8.3 2 Conventions _ 2

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Speaking Scoring Guide

Aspect

3

Meets Grade 12Advanced Standards

2

Approaching Standard

1

Below Standard

Total

Overall Impact (Content/Ideas)

Engages audience interest through a variety of means

Sometimes engages audience interest through 1 or 2 means.

Shows limited awareness of audience.

__ x 2 = /6

Overall Impact (Presentation/Style/ non-verbal skills

Engages audience interest through a variety of means: eye contact and body language

Sometimes engages audience interest through 1 or 2 means.

Shows limited awareness of audience.

__ x 3 =

/9

Time 8- 10 minutes 5 to 7 minutes Less than 5 minutes __ x 1 =

/3

Organization Uses a consistent structure appropriate to topic and audience

Structure is mainly appropriate to topic and audience but with some lapses

Some attempt to structure the presentation but with lapses which affect audience understanding

__ x 1

= /3

Language use and fluency

Language is mainly appropriate for topic and audience with no pauses or hesitation

Language is mainly appropriate to topic and audience but with some lapses and little hesitation or few pauses

Attempts to use language which is appropriate to topic and audience but with intrusive lapses ,some pauses and hesitations

__ x 2

= /6

Feedback Handles anticipated and unanticipated questions posed by audience, engaging in further dialogue as appropriate.

Attempts to handle anticipated and unanticipated questions posed by audience

With support, begins to answer questions from the audience

__ x

2= /6

Pronunciation including

intonation & stress

Pronunciation is clear enough to be easily understood with no interference with meaning. almost no difficulties with intonation & stress patterns

Pronunciation is mostly clear & understood with little interference with meaning.

Some use of appropriate stress and intonation.

Pronunciation is unclear and difficult to understand, interfering with meaning L1 accent often makes message incomprehensible

__ x 1=

/3

TOTAL /36

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Listening scoring guide

10. Why did Allan believe at the end of his speech that the solution he presented is the best alternative to desertification? Justify your answer with details and information from the speech.

Score Description3 Response provides a thorough explanation of how the speaker proves that what he

is presenting is the best solution to the problem, providing two pieces of evidence. Explanation includes specific, relevant details from the video extract.

2 Response provides a partial explanation of how the speaker proves that what he is presenting is the best solution to the problem, providing one piece of evidence. Explanation includes specific, relevant details from the lecture with some omissions.

1 Response provides a minimal explanation of how the speaker proves that what he is presenting is the best solution to the problem. Explanation includes few, if any, specific, relevant details from the lecture.

0 Response is totally incorrect or off-topic, unintelligible, or written in a language other than English.

Blank No response.

Scoring Notes: The best solution mimics nature. Desertification gets worse when we burn plants. Killing animals damages the environment.

Sample 3-point response: At the end of his speech, Allan believes that the solution he presented is the best alternative to desertification. He explains this by the fact that he had tried various alternatives as using fire to burn the dry plants and killing animals, but they brought more damage. Using livestock is the solution because it imitates nature and guarantees the results.

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Listening: Scoring guide

11. How far was the speaker successful in delivering his speech? Use two details and information from the speech to support your answer.

Score Description3 Response provides a thorough explanation of how the speaker succeeded in

delivering his speech, providing two pieces of evidence. Explanation includes specific, relevant details from the video extract.

2 Response provides a partial explanation of how the speaker succeeded in delivering his speech, providing one piece of evidence. Explanation includes specific, relevant details from the video extract with some omissions.

1 Response provides a minimal explanation of how the speaker succeeded in delivering his speech. Explanation includes few, if any, specific, relevant details from the video extract.

0 Response is totally incorrect or off-topic, unintelligible, or written in a language other than English.

Blank No response.

Scoring Notes: The speaker succeeded to deliver a good speech The speaker could use a variety of persuasive techniques. He used facts. He used statistics. He used repetition.

Sample 3-point response: I think the speaker was successful in delivering his speech because he uses various persuasive techniques. Firstly he used statistics as (while 25 millimetres –that’s an inch of rain – was falling. Over 1,000 drums of water fell on every hectare of the land that day. The next day the land looked like this. ). Secondly, he used facts as (Now because of the fate of water and carbon are tied to soil organic matter, when we damage soils, you give off carbon. Carbon goes back to the atmosphere.)Thirdly, he used personal pronouns as (he used we and you in the previous example). Fourth he used cause and effect as (now we know that desertification is caused by living stock, mostly cattle, sheep and goats, overgrazing the plants. Leaving the soil bare and giving off methane.)

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Reading Scoring guide

21. What is the main idea of paragraph 6? How did the writer support it?.

Score Description3 Response provides a thorough explanation of the main idea supported by two pieces of

evidence. Explanation includes specific, relevant details from the passage.2 Response provides a partial explanation of the main idea supported by one piece of

evidence. Explanation includes specific, relevant details from the passage with some omissions.

1 Response provides a minimal explanation of the main idea of the paragraph. Explanation includes few, if any, specific, relevant details from the passage.

0 Response is totally incorrect or off-topic, unintelligible, or written in a language other than English.

Blank No response.

Scoring Notes: The main idea is that we should implement a research culture within students. The writer started with a topic sentence. He used three arguments to support his claim. Educators are to give the students the opportunity to take part in scientific research. Educators have to discover talents. Educators have to encourage creativity.

Sample 3-point response: The writer followed a good paragraph pattern when he wrote paragraph 6. He stated the main idea at the beginning, as he believes that a research culture should be set up within students from an early age. He, then, proceeded to provide three supporting details. He argues that educators should give all the students the opportunity to take part in scientific research, discover talents and encourage creativity.

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Reading scoring guide:

22. Imagine that you disagree with the writer’s ideas. Which claim would you support? Use two pieces of evidence to support your response.

Score Description3 Response provides a thorough explanation of ways to disagree with the writer.

Explanation includes specific, relevant details from the passage.2 Response provides a partial explanation of ways to disagree with the writer.

Explanation includes specific, relevant details from the passage with some omissions.1 Response provides a minimal explanation of ways to disagree with the writer.

Explanation includes few, if any, specific, relevant details from the passage.0 Response is totally incorrect or off-topic, unintelligible, or written in a language other

than English.Blank No response.

Scoring Notes: The writer should have mentioned more persuasive techniques. The writer overused loaded language. The writer failed to provide a logical flow of ideas. The whole article does not match good persuasive writing guidelines.

Sample 3-point response: Any logical answer and supporting it with reasons such as I think students acquire critical thinking skills by giving them providing them with more money and laboratories to carry out their researches. So training (is not the most important factor).

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