9/17/2013

1

Founding of the 13 Original Colonies

� Founded by Roger Williams

� 1636 - Founded Providence

� Opposed taking Native American land

� Religious freedom and toleration

� Founded on separation of church and state

� Founded the 1st Baptist Church in America

9/17/2013

2

� Thomas Hooker- Puritan minister dissatisfied with MA leadership� Want more freedom� 1636 – led his congregation southeast of Mass. through the wilderness

� FoundedHartford & 3 years later formed a colony joining 3 towns

� “The foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people." - Thomas Hooker

� Adopted a governmental plan-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut� 1st written constitution in America� Extend voting rights and limit the

governor’s power

Forasmuch as it has pleased Almighty God by the wise [character] of

His Divine Providence (His Holy Wisdom) so to order and dispose of

things that we, the inhabitants and residents of Windsor, Hartford, and

Wethersfield are now cohabiting and dwelling in and upon the

Conectecotte (Conneticut) and the lands thereunto adjoining

(touching); and well knowing where a people are gathered together the

Word of God requires that, to maintain the peace and union of such a

people, there should be an orderly and decent government established

according to God, to order and dispose of the affairs of the people at

all season as occasion shall require; do therefore associate and [unite]

ourselves to be as one public state or commonwealth…As also in our

civil (political) affairs to be guided and governed according to such

laws, rules, orders, and decrees as shall be made, ordered and

decreed, as follows:

Laws, Rules, and Orders (examples)

1) …there shall be yearly two general assemblies or courts…

4) …no one person be chosen governor above once in two

years…and…be a member of the approved congregation (group)

9/17/2013

3

� 1638 settled by Swedes

� Swedish trading post

� England took over in 1682

� Charter/Proprietary

� Swedish settlers built first log cabins in America

� 1663 – 8 English proprietor created proprietary colony

� For profit from trade

� Carolina = Charles’ Land in Latin

� Founded Charles Town, later called Charleston

� Wrote a constitution

� Northern territory settled by VA farmers

� Grew tobacco

� Sold forest products, I.e. timber & tar

� Southernmore prosperous

� Grew rice

� Developed indigo-dye for textiles

� Used slaves

� Split in 1712

9/17/2013

4

� 1664� Given to Lord John

Berkeley & Sir George Carteret

� Proprietary Colony

� Duke of York gave away for land sales

� Encouraged settlers by offering:

� Large tracts of land

� Freedom of religion

� Trial by jury

� A representative assembly

� King gave William Penn land to pay off debt he owed the family--nearly as large as England

• 1681 – Founded Philadelphia

• Proprietary

� Founded for religious freedom for Society of Friends = Quakers

• Believed every individual had an “inner light” leading to salvation

• Welcomed different religions and nationalities

• Treated Natives fairly

9/17/2013

5

� 1735 – founded Savannah

� James Oglethorpe

� Military outpost to protect from Spanish

� Charter for English debtors and poor people

� Royal colony

� Wanted “sober, industrial, & moral persons”

� Religious freedom � Except Catholics

� Banned slavery & rum

Founded 50 years after the other 12