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Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best Practices Gary Schweizer, PE Weyerhaeuser November 2, 2017 Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.

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Page 1: Framing Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and · PDF fileFraming Techniques for Builders: Lessons Learned and Best Practices ... , tile or stone ... , Water Leaks Construction

FramingTechniquesforBuilders:LessonsLearnedandBestPractices

GarySchweizer,PEWeyerhaeuserNovember2,2017

Disclaimer:ThispresentationwasdevelopedbyathirdpartyandisnotfundedbyWoodWorksortheSoftwoodLumberBoard.

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“TheWoodProductsCouncil”isaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES),Provider#G516.

Credit(s)earnedoncompletionofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.

ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACESforcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing, ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.

___________________________________________

Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.

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Thisinteractivesessionbuildsontheideathatbuilderscanimproveframingtechniquesthroughthelensofothers’challengesandsolutions.Recentcommercialandmulti-familyconstructionhurdlesrelatedtoissueswithbuildingframingschemeswillbereviewedthroughcasestudiesandlessonslearned.Bestpracticesthatbuilderscanemploytoavoidsimilarissuesontheirownprojectswillbediscussed,andtheaudiencewillbeaskedtoparticipateandapplypracticesreviewedduringthesession.Attendeeswillleavepreparedwithdesignstrategiestoproducehigh-performingstructuresandmethodologiesthatcanbeconsideredandappliedinconstructionimmediately.

CourseDescription

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1.Highlightcommonframingissuesincommercialandmulti-familystructuresanddiscussbestpracticesolutions.

2.Discussproperloadpathframingtechniquesforwood-framestructures.

3.Reviewlessonslearnedfromfivedifferentprojectcasestudies.

4.Examineconstructionstrategiesthatcanresultinhigh-performingstructuresintermsofdurability,energy-efficiencyandotherquantifiablemeasures.

LearningObjectives

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Academics –- BSCE - The Ohio State University

- MBA – The University of Dayton

Experience -- ConsultingStructural Engineer – Columbus,Ohio (7 years)

- Wood Products/Structural Engineering – Trus Joist/Weyerhaeuser (30 + years)

Registered Professional Engineer/Structural EngineerExpertise – Design & Analysis, Forensics, Litigation Support

Abitaboutme

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Agenda- LessonsLearned

• LoadPathResolution• Vertical&Lateral• LateralStability• DifferentialDeflection• UniqueFloor/FasciaRequirements

• MoistureManagement• KeepitDry• PreservativeTreatments• ProtectingProductsinInventory&Jobsites

• Vibration• Fire&SoundDesign

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LoadPathResolutionSimplestated…verticalandlateralloadsneedtobetransferredtothe

foundation/ground.

Loadrationalization=Truss/Rafter/Joistà Beamà Columnà Foundation• Propermemberselection• Adequatesupport• Appropriateloadtransferdetails• Foundationadequacy

Software– 2danalysis;3dview;reviewofsoftwareoperatordesign

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Simplifying…VisualizetheLoading

Tree

FloorJoistò

Beamò

Column

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LoadPathResolutionMemberAnalysis– “whattowatchfor?”

VerticalLoads• IncreasedDeadLoads– lightweightconcrete,tileorstone,non-loadbearingwalls• ConcentratedLoads(FcperpofFcparallel)

• Beams&Headers• GirderTruss

• WallandPostLoadtransfer• Differentialloadingconditions

LateralLoads• LocationofShearWalls– connectiondesign;manufacturer’slimitations(o/cspacing)• Blocking• Screwsvs.Nails

InstallationReviewInotherwords- SequencetheFraming

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FramerInstructionGuideWallandPostLoad

Transfer

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InadequateLoadTransfer

StudentApartmentsComplaint– FloorLevelness,WaterLeaksConstructionIssue– LoadTransfer(rim

notbearingonmasonrywall)SquashBlocksaddedtoStabilizeFloorJackedtoLevel

WhatcouldtheEOR/AORhavedonebetter?– LoadTransferdetailing

Whatcouldthesuppliershavedonebetter?– ‘Protocol’communications

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DifferentialDeflection

Complaint–

TileCracking

ExcessiveDeflection‘dropping’5/8“over4’

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DifferentialDeflection

WallBelow(Red)

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5.07.0

9.011.0

13.015.0

17.0

19.3

21.5

72

48

24

0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

FieldInvestigationResultsTransitFloorReadings• PotentialforDifferentialDeflection• Beamsettoohigh!

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BestPractices- DifferentialDeflection

1. Anticipatedifferentspanandloadingconditions

2. ‘Featherframing’- simplevs.continuousspan

3. Matchdeflectionperformance– beamvsadjacentjoists

4. Acknowledgedifferentsupportconditions(wallvs.beam)

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EXPECTATIONSOFTHECONTRACTOR• OFAReview• Framingforcorrectness• Notesanddeviations• Notesareacceptableunlessnotedotherwise

BestPractices- AssumptionsFollow-up

EXPECTATIONSOFTHESUPPLIER• Highlightdeviations• Loadrationalization• Valueengineering– professionalprotocol• Framingdetails

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MoistureManagementSimplestated…keepitdryorusepreservativetreatedwood

GuidingPrinciples• DryUsageisclassifiedas˂16%• ReasonableconstructionrainfallisOK• ServiceLife- KeepitDry• Whenindoubt– PreservativeTreatedWood

DryUseConditions- “whattowatchfor?”Balcony/DeckConditions• Flashing,connections,detailing,etc.à waterproofing• Allowforwicking– don’tencapsulate• InstallationReview• MaintenanceProgram

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Roof/Floor not WatertightMoistureManagement

WaterproofRoofMembraneSacramento,California

ClosedPlenum

WaterproofDeckMembraneAlberta,Canada

150degreedifferential

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MoistureManagement

Condos– LaJolla,CABalconyFraming

PartialRoofWatershed

Dry-UsenotassuredMoistureIntrusion/’Wicking’

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Berkley,CABalconyDeckCollapse

2015

MoistureManagement

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MoistureManagementSelectingtheCorrectPreservativeTreatment

Exposure4A

•PhillipMerrillCenter,MDExposedHeavyTimber

CuAzTreated

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Vibration– FactorsAffectingFloorPerformance

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VibrationDesign

FundamentalFrequency– f(Hz)E– MOE(psi)

I- momentofinertia(in4)W– truedeadload(lbs.)

L- joistspan(in)

VirginiaTechGuidelines

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QuickRulesofThumb

Floorcovering/floormembranes

Shortenthespan

Increasethejoistdepth

L/480+

Glued/Screwedfloordecking

Bridging/Ceiling– tiedtoasupportwall

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Fire&SoundDesign

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ProductApplicationAssurance

Specification

• PrescribedCodevs‘Preferred’Standards(apartmentstocondos)

• FullFloorSpecification(includingvariedfinishedfloorcoverings)

• SoundControlMats

• Isolation

Installation

• MatchingSpecification

• Manufacturer’sRecommendation

• Isolation/De-Couple

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ParkPlace;FountainHills,AZ

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Fire&SoundDesign

Type3ConstructionRequiresFRTWoodFraming

(TypeAFlamespread¹FRTW)

• Fire-Retardant-TreatedWoodMustbeImpregnatedwithChemicals

(2018InternationalBuildingCode)

• FRTWinaccordancewithASTME84orUL723.

• FieldAppliedCoatings¹ManufacturedFRTProducts

QualityControl,plantvs.fieldenvironments,etc.)

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Type3FRTWoodFraming

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CodeApprovedFRTW– FieldIssue

ApartmentprojectsinMinneapolis— non-codeapprovedFRTrequiresreplacement(2x6and2x8perimeterframing)

“OnBig-D’swatch,lumberthatwasnotapprovedorcode-compliantwasusedontheHelloApartmentsprojectandGoldenVillaswillnottolerateactionsthatcreateanyriskforfuturetenants,"GoldenVillasChiefManagerTraciTomassaidinanewsrelease.

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Summarizing- MyPersonalList“toallowforcaution”

• TightConstructionTimeline(design/modifyasyou‘go’)à frequentcommunications,documentation• DimensionalIssues/ConstructionTolerances(fieldmeasurement,pre-cutholes/locations,concentratedloadalignment)à designandinstallationreview• FloorCovering– LightweightConcreteTopping,Tile/StoneCrackingà expansionjoints,differentialdeflection,concentratedloads• ManufacturingDefectà urgencyforcommunicationanddecisionmaking• InstallationIssuesà inspection,concurrenceofarchitecturalsandframingplans

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Summarizing- MyPersonalList“toallowforcaution”

• Deflection– defineclient/customerexpectationsà differentialdeflection,‘Non-Load’bearingwalls• Assumptionsà ArchitecturalDiscrepancies,framingirregularities,professionalprotocol• FloorPerformanceà defineclient/customerexpectations;floorsystemparameters• MoistureDesignà DryUseorcorrectpreservativetreatment• LoadTrackingà rationalizeloadstothefoundation

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ProductApplicationAssurance

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Questions?

ThisconcludesTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystemsCourse

GarySchweizer,PE

[email protected]