France and the Habsburg Empire

France foreign policy problems

1860- lost to Italy1861-1867- supported Austria who lost

to Mexico1870- lost Franco-Prussian War1871-Napoleon III captured.1871- Paris controlled by Prussians

Paris CommuneSought to rule Paris separately from the

rest of France.Set up by radicals and socialists

(anarchists).

National AssemblyNational Assembly, ruling all of France,

sends troops to Paris and kills 20,000 inhabitants.

Dreyfus Affair

French commander indicted on passing secrets to Germans.

Evidence was forged.Sent to Devil’s Island.

What happened next?

The real spy was tried and released.Dreyfus re-tried and convicted again.President then pardoned him.Emile Zola- “J’accuse”

Dreyfus Affair repercussions

Violent anti-semitism was embraced by many French.

Radicals, republicans, and socialists formed an informal alliance.

Political, racial, religious divisions continued into the 1940’s.

Problems in the Habsburg Empire

HungaryCroats and Slovaks felt ostracized by

society.No foreign supportFrance and Italy military failures

Francis Joseph

Became dual monarch of Austria-Hungary

October DiplomaCreated federation among the states and

provinces of the empire.

February Patent

Created a bicameral imperial Parliament, the Reichsrat.

Magyars

Refused to cooperate with Francis Joseph.

Ausgleich of 1867Created Austria-Hungary

Other ethnic groups were angry.

Czechs wanted a triple monarchy

Francis Joseph agrees, Magyars deny.

Language defines the nation.

Nationalities w/i the Habsburg Empire

Many Austrians want to join the German Empire

This increased nationalism would be a contributing factor to the future World Wars.