francesco unit 2._properties_of_matter
TRANSCRIPT
1
Unit 2. PROPERTIES
OFMATTER
Francesco Scudellari – Comenius Assistant 2010/2011Francisco Rodriguez Marín Institute – Osuna (Spain)
2
What is matter?
- Matter is anything that occupies space and can be measured
Can you give me some examples of matter?
3
Examples of matter
Everything around us is made of matter
rockswater
animalsplants
planets
4
Properties of matter
Two pieces of matter cannot occupy the same space– Example: the sun cannot occupy the same
place in space as the moon!!
5
Bodies of matter, systems of matter
Bodies of matter (BODY = CUERPO):
Objects having definite limits.
Systems of matter:
Things with limits that are not precise
6
a stone a treethe sea
a forest
a house
a seashellYourself!(=tú mismo/a)
a mountain range
Which is a body of matter and which a system of matter?
BODY(has got definiteIlimits)
BODY SYSTEM(doesn’t have precise limits)
BODY
BODY
BODYSYSTEMSYSTEM
7
Extensive properties of matter
• Extensive properties depend on the amount (=cantitad) of matter present– Examples: mass, weight, length, volume
This cube of stone has mass of 4 kg, a length of 3 cm, and a volume of 27 cm3
Mass, length, volume depend on the amount of matter present!
This cube of stone has mass of 120 kg, a length of 20 cm, and a volume of 4000 cm3 !!!!!
8
Intensive properties of matter
• Intensive properties of matter do not depend on the amount (=cantitad) of matter present
Examples of intensive properties: density, color, boiling point
(to boil = hervir)
9
Example
They have different volume, length, mass, etc.But they have the same boiling point (100ºC): BOILING POINT IS AN INTENSIVE PROPERTY!
A pan full of water A thermal pool
At which temperature does the water in the pan boil?
At which temperature does the water in the pool boil?
100ºC
100ºC
10
Matter can be measured• Some extensive and intensive properties
can be measured
For example, we can measure properties such as:LENGTH (=longitud) (extensive)VOLUME (extensive)DENSITY (intensive)MASS….. (extensive)
Do you understand the verb to measure?Can you translate it in Spanish?
TO MEASURE = MEDIR
11
MEASURING LENGTH
• Length: the distance between two pointsWe use rulers and measuring tape to
determine length
RULER MEASURING TAPE
In Europe, what are the most common units of measurement for length?
12
Units of Length:the Ladder Method
KmHm
Damm
dmcm
mm
×10 for each step
÷10 for each step
For example:15 m = …… cm1500
13
25 Hm = …… m1 Km = …..…… mm
KmHm
Damm
dmcm
mm
×10 for each step
÷10 for each step
725 dm = …….. Dam
1,000,000
2,500
7.25
14
MEASURING AREA
• Area: the space occupied by two dimensions, length × width
The area of this rectangle is:
4 × 2 = 8
4
2
What is the unit of measurement for area?
Square metres (m )2
15
Units of AreaKm2
Hm2
Dam2
m2
dm2
cm2
mm2
×100 for each step
÷100 for each step
15 cm = …… mm250 mm = …..cm
13 Km = ……… Dam
2.5
1,500
130,000
2 2
2 2
2 2
16
MEASURING VOLUME
• Volume: the total space occupied by a body, length × width × height
Example: the volume of a fish tank
Volume is measured in ………….
Cubic metres
17
Units of VolumeKm3
Hm3
Dam3
m3
dm3
cm3
mm3
×1000 for each step
÷1000 for each step
For example: 12 m = …………. cm3
312,000,000
And 1600 cm = ……… dm
3
31.6
18
MEASURING CAPACITY• Capacity: the total space occupied by a
fluid (another way of measuring volume)
Example: the capacity of a bottle of Coke or of a fuel tank
I am sure you know at least one unit of measurementof capacity. Can you speak its name aloud?
19
One of the most commonly used units of capacity is….
LITRE
20
Units of Capacity
KL
HL
DaL
L
dL
cL
mL
×10 for each step
÷10 for each step
21
MEASURING MASS
• Mass: the amount of matter in a body– Measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg) using
a scale
A scale is not this: A scale is this:
22
Units of Mass
Kg
Hg
Dag
g
dg
cg
mg
×10 for each step
÷10 for each step
23
MEASURING DENSITY
• Density: how concentrated the mass is, mass ∕ volumeExample: which object has the higher density,
an anvil ( ) or a sponge( ) ?
ANSWER: the anvil, because its mass is more concentrated!
The unit of measurement for density is….
g/cm (grams over cubic centimetres)
3
24
TEMPERATURE
• Temperature: the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or system; the thermal energy of a body– Measured in degrees Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit
(°F), and Kelvin (K)
• How do we measure temperature here in Europe?
25
To measure temperature, in Europe we use……….
Celsius degrees! (ºC)
26
THE END!