Francisco Javier Guillén Gerada

LARUEX, University of ExtremaduraMadrid, 13 June 2018

SAMPLING:

Objective: Detection limit / A ± σ Sample size

What: Source term: monitoring nuclear installation, accident scenario,

NORM, etc.

Gaseous

effluents

Liquid

effluents

External γ

Dose rate

SoilWater (+ sediments)

Air

Foodchain

Where:

• Define sampling points

• Vicinities source term

• Water courses, reservoirs, …

• Sampling stations (permits)

• In situ

• Laboratory

Locations Analysis

Transportation

Sample preservation

When: • Real time, daily, weekly, monthly, biannual, annual, …

• Composite simple

How: • ISO/IEC 17025 defines technical competence, including sampling

• Sampling procedures must be written, tested and followed

• Everything must be considered previously

to sampling

• Any choice taken during sampling may affect

the result

Almaraz NPP

Environmental Radioactivity Surveillance Network around Almaraz NPP

• Real time monitoring stations

• Sampling programmes

• Quality control for NPP’s Environmental Radioactivity Progamme

Soil sampling:

Depth:

• Radionuclide deposition: surface soil (0-3 cm, 0-5 cm, …)

• Research: depth profile, 0-10 cm, …

Envelope or W scheme

2 m

2 m

Record coordinates

Flat area, away from tree cover

Before sampling: removing grass, litter, etc.

Sample preparation:

• Sieve through 2 mm sieve

• Ball mill to homogenize simple

• But, any particles?

Water sampling:

Drinking water Surface water, groundwater Rainwater

Use clean containers

It dependsNo filtration

Screening

Pore size: 0.45 μm

Sample preservation prior to analysis:What radionuclide is of interest?

In situ or back in the lab?

Does it require filtration?

Refrigeration AcidificationSpecial considerations:

Tritium

Iodine

Radon

Sediment sampling:

Shore sediment

Collected about 2 m from shore

Deep sediment

Special requirements: boat

Foodchain sampling:• Self production

• Buy from local producers

Transportation: different requirements depending on simple type

Refrigeration

Iodine

Refrigerated or NaOH

Aerosol sampling:

Low volume High volume

Sampling station: days, weeksPortable collector: hours

Particulate fracction: which filter?• Pore size: 0.8 μm, 0.45 μm, …

• Material: fiberglass, cellulose, petrianov, …

• Size: pumping head

Gaseous fraction: Atmospheric tritium collector

Bubblers with:

Water

Ethylenglicol

Automatic alert system in quasi-real-time, with a customsoftware package for the management of radiological,meteorological and operational parameters.

17 RARE air monitoring stations

+3 RARE water

monitoring stations

+2 CSN air monitoring

stations

1 mobile laboratory

2 drones (under development)

Gamma dose rate external monitoring stations

Geiger-Müllerdetector

1 parameter

5 parameters

1 parameter

H*10

LB 6361 (Berthold)

Sensitive range: 0,040 uSv/h – 20 mSv/h

Energy range: 80 kev-1.3 MeV

Gammatracer-XL and XL2 (Saphymo)

Sensitive range: 0.020 or 0.010 uSv/h – 10 Sv/h

Energy range: 45 keV – 3 MeV

Quality guarantees:

ISO 9001:2015 certification

ISO/IEC 17025:2008 accreditation

Monitoring frequency:

3-10 minutes

H*10 (μSv/h)

RARE-CSN-EURDEP

Transmission modalities to RARE´s headquarter:• Intranet• Analogical radio• Digital radio (4RF)• 3G(At least, two are available per monitoring station)

Alarm levels:Level 1: 30% of monthly average dose rate plus annual average dose rate fromnatural background.Level 2: 0.114 μSv·h–1 plus annual average dose rate from natural background.Level 3: 0.228 μSv·h–1 plus annual average dose rate from natural background.

Airborne monitoring stations

Bertholdsystem

5 parameters

2 parameters

Air conditioning

system

5 parameters

12 parameters

RAREsystem

5 parameters

17 parameters

H*10 + a, b, 222Rn and 131I

H*10 + radioisotopes activities

Water monitoring stations

Vessel volume: 25 L

Water flow: 40L/min

Measurement frequency: 10 min

Automatic extra sampler for additional

laboratory analysis: 15L

5 parameters6 parameters

15 parameters