francois anderson radar & ew systems engineer csir dpss 3 december 2009

Francois Anderson Radar & EW Systems Engineer CSIR DPSS 3 December 2009

Overview The importance of Science, Engineering and Technology for a modern society and economy The Career Growth of Scientists and Engineers The AwareNet Programme: A proposed new platform for South African high tech innovations in the field of Radar & EW The importance of Science, Engineering and Technology for a modern society and economy The Career Growth of Scientists and Engineers The AwareNet Programme: A proposed new platform for South African high tech innovations in the field of Radar & EW

Strategic Importance of Science, Engineering & Technology for Nations No nation can afford to be without its own independent S&T capacity InterAcademy Council report on Inventing a better future: A Strategy for Building Worldwide Capacities in S&T 13 February 2004 Introduction by Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General: InterAcademy Council report on Inventing a better future: A Strategy for Building Worldwide Capacities in S&T 13 February 2004 Introduction by Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General:

CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za Urgent Need to Promote World-wide S&T Capacity The world is changing at a rapid pace, driven by S&T Business as usual will leave an ever-growing gap between have and have-not nations Local S&T capacity is essential for using and contributing to the worlds valuable store of knowledge Universities have a critical role to play in building S&T capacities Investments in S&T are increasingly important for economic growth Building capacity in agriculture, engineering, health and social sciences is essential for national development Stronger S&T capacity in the developing nations is not a luxury, but an absolute necessity if these nations are to participate as full partners in the worlds fast-forming, knowledge-based economy The world is changing at a rapid pace, driven by S&T Business as usual will leave an ever-growing gap between have and have-not nations Local S&T capacity is essential for using and contributing to the worlds valuable store of knowledge Universities have a critical role to play in building S&T capacities Investments in S&T are increasingly important for economic growth Building capacity in agriculture, engineering, health and social sciences is essential for national development Stronger S&T capacity in the developing nations is not a luxury, but an absolute necessity if these nations are to participate as full partners in the worlds fast-forming, knowledge-based economy InterAcademy Council report on Inventing a better future: A Strategy for Building Worldwide Capacities in S&T 13 February 2004 InterAcademy Council report on Inventing a better future: A Strategy for Building Worldwide Capacities in S&T 13 February 2004

CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za 20 Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20 th Century Electrification Automobile Airplane Water Supply and Distribution Electronics Radio and Television Agricultural Mechanization Computers Telephone Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Electrification Automobile Airplane Water Supply and Distribution Electronics Radio and Television Agricultural Mechanization Computers Telephone Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Highways Spacecraft Internet Imaging Household Appliances Health Technologies Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies Laser and Fiber Optics Nuclear Technologies High-performance Materials Highways Spacecraft Internet Imaging Household Appliances Health Technologies Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies Laser and Fiber Optics Nuclear Technologies High-performance Materials US National Academy of Engineering http://www.greatachievements.org http://www.greatachievements.org US National Academy of Engineering http://www.greatachievements.org http://www.greatachievements.org Innovations that shaped a century and changed the world

Career Growth in Science and Engineering Scientists investigate that which already is; Engineers create that which has never been. Albert Einstein Scientists investigate that which already is; Engineers create that which has never been. Albert Einstein Guiding Principles for an Engineering Career Ladder Johan Strydom, CSIR DPSS, October 2009

Science is the body of, and quest for, fundamental knowledge and understanding of all things natural and man-made; their structure, properties, and how they behave Pure Science is concerned with extending this knowledge for its own sake Applied Science extends this knowledge for a specific purpose Engineering is the knowledge required, and the process applied, to conceive, design, make, build, operate, sustain, recycle or retire, something with significant technical content for a specified purpose: a concept, a model, a product, a device, a process, a system, a service, a technology. Science is the body of, and quest for, fundamental knowledge and understanding of all things natural and man-made; their structure, properties, and how they behave Pure Science is concerned with extending this knowledge for its own sake Applied Science extends this knowledge for a specific purpose Engineering is the knowledge required, and the process applied, to conceive, design, make, build, operate, sustain, recycle or retire, something with significant technical content for a specified purpose: a concept, a model, a product, a device, a process, a system, a service, a technology. THE UNIVERSE OF ENGINEERING: A UK PERSPECTIVE Royal Academy of Engineering, together with the UK Engineering Council What is Science and Engineering?

The Core Processes of Engineering Problem definition (may be in the form of user requirements definition, design requirements definition, etc) Solution analysis and performance prediction, evaluation of proposed solutions Solution synthesis or design Design implementation, test and evaluation Problem definition (may be in the form of user requirements definition, design requirements definition, etc) Solution analysis and performance prediction, evaluation of proposed solutions Solution synthesis or design Design implementation, test and evaluation

Engineering Career Progression Paths At CSIR: Engineer in Training, Professional Engineer, Senior Engineer, Principal Engineer, Chief Engineer Could grow in: Complexity Size and Variety Coupling Information availability, uncertainty, solvability Systems dynamics, behaviour Team factors and task factors Body of knowledge factors Novelty of methods used (from standard text book to highly novel) Novelty/complexity of engineering tools developed/used Level of engineering leadership At CSIR: Engineer in Training, Professional Engineer, Senior Engineer, Principal Engineer, Chief Engineer Could grow in: Complexity Size and Variety Coupling Information availability, uncertainty, solvability Systems dynamics, behaviour Team factors and task factors Body of knowledge factors Novelty of methods used (from standard text book to highly novel) Novelty/complexity of engineering tools developed/used Level of engineering leadership

The RSA National System of Innovation

AwareNet Overview Identified national level problem to be solved The proposed solution: A new South African Innovation with a unique value proposition Some of the R&D already completed towards realizing this innovation The next step already contracted: AwareNet Technology Demonstrator 0.5 Future challenges and opportunities Summary Universities R&D Institutes Defence Electronics Industry Remote Sensing Computers Communications & Information Processing National T&E Facilities Universities R&D Institutes Defence Electronics Industry Remote Sensing Computers Communications & Information Processing National T&E Facilities

An Important Problem in Military and Civilian Security Negative forces & criminals have initiative: They choose place, time and method Difficult to detect and track: Fly low, use small craft, operate in low visibility conditions, move stealthily Difficult to recognize: Operate amongst similar non-threatening entities They plan to beat the reaction time of State security forces and services They have the advantage, when force-to-space ratios are low Terrorism Piracy Smuggling Border Crossings Poaching

Proposed Innovation: In Principle Use technology as a force multiplier Provide an asymmetric advantage to commanders of our security forces

Proposed Innovation: An Integrated Sensing System Provide information superiority and consequently an edge in decision making to commanders of own security forces and services Enhance commanders situation awareness by providing them with relevant real time information about the situation in the total area of interest, as it develops: Persistent: All the time with sufficient update rate Ubiquitous: Everywhere at once Recognized: Classes, identities, threat levels Record complete evidence enabling post-mission analyses and actions Provide information superiority and consequently an edge in decision making to commanders of own security forces and services Enhance commanders situation awareness by providing them with relevant real time information about the situation in the total area of interest, as it develops: Persistent: All the time with sufficient update rate Ubiquitous: Everywhere at once Recognized: Classes, identities, threat levels Record complete evidence enabling post-mission analyses and actions Unmanned Elevated Geo-Stationary Platform Integrated Long Range Sensors Data Fusion, Analysis, Display & Communication

Persistent and Ubiquitous Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance System Functions Objective: Obtain a Recognized Area Picture Detect Estimate interference Threshold Track Associate Estimate Predict Classify Extract features Classify Identify Image Identify Assess Threat Opportunity Capacity Intent Segment Threat Information Communicate Threat Information Interface with Humans Display prioritized information Aid engagement planning Sense Receive radiation Filter Convert Command & Control Decisions Situation in Area of Interest

AwareNets Proposed Unique Value Proposition A modern C4ISR system that provides rich information to tactical and strategic level commanders in real time and regarding the total area of operations A Knowledge-based, Cognitive Sensing System that senses changing conditions and requirements and automatically adapts to them Optimized for specialized operational scenarios and requirements: The type of scenarios typically encountered in developing countries Asymmetric warfare and operations other than war (OOTW) Wide spectrum of objects of interest: from large to very small: requires very high sensitivity Objects of interest hidden amongst many similar ones: requires NCTR and Threat Estimation Low force to space ratios: requires wide area coverage from an elevated, semi- geostationary platform Small logistics tail to allow cost effective operations when deployed far from reliable infrastructure Mid-priced solution: including the platform, sensors, processing and through-life cost

AwareNet Programme Strategy Define proposed problem area and an innovative solution at system and subsystem levels (System: C4ISR; Subsystems: Platform, Radar, Electronic Surveillance, E-Opt, Data Fusion, Classification, Threat Estimation, HMI) Perform first order feasibility studies in each and define first level questions Start the Radar subsystem R&D programme using existing national resources and funding streams: CSIR PG, SRP, EDERI, DOD, Use Radar Surveillance system to validate the proposed functions and demonstrate value to users

AwareNet Programme Strategy (Continued) Define a Technology Roadmap and obtain funding for its first phase from strategic and competitive funding sources: locally and internationally Invite other subsystem teams to take part, each also attracting funding from their respective technology areas Use technology readiness model to structure a risk and opportunity driven spiral development programme with base lines and stage gates Evolve to national centres of competence producing a Tier 1 system solution

The CSIR AwareNet Programme: Radar Technology Evolution Plan Terrorism Piracy Poaching First Focus: Maritime Environment

Technical Progress to Date Defined potential application scenarios and user requirements for the AwareNet C4ISR system Defined the AwareNet System concept and studied the technical feasibility of each of the proposed major subsystems Defined first order functional and architectural concepts for the radar-based long range sensor subsystem Studying the latest trends in radar techniques that may be used to obtain the required functions and performance Using existing national radar R&D facilities to make measurements of realistic targets in realistic environments Performing R&D on: Automatic small boat detection in sea clutter Automatic radar target imaging and classification Defined potential application scenarios and user requirements for the AwareNet C4ISR system Defined the AwareNet System concept and studied the technical feasibility of each of the proposed major subsystems Defined first order functional and architectural concepts for the radar-based long range sensor subsystem Studying the latest trends in radar techniques that may be used to obtain the required functions and performance Using existing national radar R&D facilities to make measurements of realistic targets in realistic environments Performing R&D on: Automatic small boat detection in sea clutter Automatic radar target imaging and classification

Small Boat Detection in Sea Clutter Developed good knowledge base on boat detection Collaborate and share data with international community Applying knowledge to: Radar design inputs for AwareNet Small boat detection mode for MECORT (ORT) Designing detection functions for RSR 210 and RSR 942 radars

Radar Target Recognition Many radars are able to Detect and Track targets: few provide Recognition functions Performing research into radar target recognition: Classifying (into class of target) and Identifying (specific type of target) Techniques 2D Radar Imaging (ISAR) High Range Resolution Sensing and Analysis Rotor Blade and Propeller Modulation Jet Engine Modulation Application: AwareNet and other new generation South African radars

Next Step: Add Experimental Development to existing Radar Research Programme

Objectives of 2009 SRP Type B contract: AwareNet TD 0.5 National Interoperability Centre Modular UAV Electro-optics

Information Processing and Display Subsystem Generalize existing air defence control system Ensure compatibility with IDE and national C&C standards Develop advanced threat estimation subsystem Design ergonomic HMI with plug-ins for decision support Generalize existing air defence control system Ensure compatibility with IDE and national C&C standards Develop advanced threat estimation subsystem Design ergonomic HMI with plug-ins for decision support

Electronic Surveillance Subsystem Acquire VHF, UHF and microwave antenna array and receivers Develop super resolution angle estimation algorithm with performance approaching the Cramer-Rao bound Develop de-interleaving algorithms for cell phone and satellite phone signals Deploy and test against cell and satellite phone transmissions Integrate with AwareNet C4ISR system Acquire VHF, UHF and microwave antenna array and receivers Develop super resolution angle estimation algorithm with performance approaching the Cramer-Rao bound Develop de-interleaving algorithms for cell phone and satellite phone signals Deploy and test against cell and satellite phone transmissions Integrate with AwareNet C4ISR system

A South African Innovation Cluster? SARIG endorsement of AwareNet: Nov 2008 Industry: RRS, Denel, S Avitronics Universities: UCT, US Institutes: IMT, DPSS DOD: Armscor International collaboration UCL, U Pisa, KSU, KAU Thales UK (Simon Watts) DSTO? 26 other users of radar measurements on CSIR website KACST in Saudi Arabia SARIG endorsement of AwareNet: Nov 2008 Industry: RRS, Denel, S Avitronics Universities: UCT, US Institutes: IMT, DPSS DOD: Armscor International collaboration UCL, U Pisa, KSU, KAU Thales UK (Simon Watts) DSTO? 26 other users of radar measurements on CSIR website KACST in Saudi Arabia

Summary

Commander Workstation MECORT AwareNet TD 0.5 Functional Flow Diagramme Multi-sensor Fusion Subsystem Target Classification Multiple Target Filter & State Est. Resource Control Target Detection Multiple Target Filter and State Est. AIS RAP CoastRad LRID E-Opt Imaging (Co-located) E-Opt Imaging (UAV/Aircraft) Multi-sensor Target State Estimation Multi-sensor Target Classification Multi-sensor Target Classification Target Intent Estimation Commander Display Signal Intelligence Signal Classification Angle Tracking System Control GIS Map and Intelligence Data Base Commander Decision Aids SPIDER Target Detection Multiple Target Filter & State Est.

francois anderson radar & ew systems engineer csir dpss 3 december 2009

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