Frank H. NetterFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article includes alist of references, butits sources remain unclearbecause it hasinsufficientinline citations.Please help toimprovethis article byintroducingmore precise citations.(August 2013)

Frank H. Netter

Born25 April 1906New York,NY,USA

Died17 September 1991

EducationNew York University School of Medicine

KnownforNetter's Atlas of Human Anatomy

Medical career

ProfessionPhysician(Surgeon)

SpecialismMedical illustrator

Frank H. Netter(25 April 1906 17 September 1991) was an Americansurgeonand celebratedmedical illustrator. The first edition of hisAtlas of Human Anatomy his "personalSistine Chapel"[this quote needs a citation] was published in 1989; he was a Fellow of theNew York Academy of Medicinewhere he was first published in 1957.[1]Contents[hide] 1Biography 1.1Early life, training, and medical career 1.2Early medical art career 1.3Career with CIBA 2Legacy 3Awards and honors 4References 5External linksBiography[edit]Early life, training, and medical career[edit]Frank Henry Netter was born inManhattanat53rd StreetandSeventh Avenue, and grew up wanting to be an artist. In high school, he obtained a scholarship to study at theNational Academy of Design, doing so at night while continuing high school. After further studying at theArt Students League of New Yorkand with private teachers, he began a commercial art career, quickly achieving success and doing work for theSaturday Evening PostandThe New York Times. However, his family disapproved of a career as an artist and he agreed to study medicine. After getting a degree at theCity College of New York, he completed medical school atNew York Universityand a surgical internship atBellevue Hospitaland attempted to begin practicing medicine. However, as Netter put it: "This was in 1933the depths of the Depressionand there was no such thing as medical practice. If a patient ever wandered into your office by mistake, he didn't pay."[this quote needs a citation]Early medical art career[edit]Having continued doingfreelanceart during his medical training, including some work for his professors, he fell back on medical art to supplement his income. In particular, pharmaceutical companies began seeking Netter for illustrations to help sell new products, such asNovocain. Soon after a misunderstanding wherein Netter asked for $1,500 for a series of 5 pictures and an advertising manager agreed to and paid $1,500 each - $7,500 for the series - Netter gave up the practice of medicine.Career with CIBA[edit]

Cover of theGermanedition ofAtlas of Human Anatomy(Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen)In 1936, theCIBA Pharmaceutical Companycommissioned a small work from him, a fold-up illustration of a heart to promote the sale ofdigitalis. This proved hugely popular with physicians, and a reprint without the advertising copy was even more popular.Quickly following on the success of the fold-up heart, fold-up versions of other organs were produced. Netter then proposed that a series of pathology illustrations be produced. These illustrations were distributed to physicians as cards in a folder, with advertising for CIBA products on the inside of the folder, and were also popular with physicians. CIBA then collected these illustrations in book form, producing theCIBA Collection of Medical Illustrations, which ultimately comprised 8 volumes (13 books).Beginning in 1948, CIBA also re-used illustrations by Netter in another series of materials to be given to physicians, theClinical Symposiaseries. These were small magazine-like brochures that typically featured an extensive article on a medical condition, commonly with about a dozen of Netter's illustrations. This series was produced until at least the early 1990s. In 1989, Netter'sAtlas of Human Anatomywas published, assembled from his previous paintings and correlated by updated diagrams.CIBA's Medical Education Department (East Orange, NJ) filtered the paintings for printing, in an effort that The Big Green Books "might appear more 'even' over time."[this quote needs a citation]This sometimes resulted in a considerable reduction of color variation from the truly-unique originals. Digital re-scanning of the originals continue to be published by the current copyright owner to the collection, Elsevier Medical Publishing. Selected original paintings have been showcased internationally.Netter's career was presented in a commemorative video by Ciba-Geigy in 1988.Legacy[edit]In all, Netter produced nearly 4,000 illustrations, which have been included in countless publications. In perspective, that number represents an image researched, sketched, and completely painted for every three business days for over 50 years.The vast bulk of Netter's illustrations were produced for and owned by CIBA Pharmaceutical Company and its successor,CIBA-Geigy, which has since merged withSandoz Laboratoriesto becomeNovartis. In June 2000, Novartis sold its interest in Netter's works to MediMedia USA's subsidiary Icon Learning Systems, which in turn has sold the portfolio toElsevier, which continues to make his work available in various formats. HisAtlas of Human Anatomyand other atlases have become a staple of medical education.Dr. Netter's contribution to the study of human anatomy is epochal. He has advanced our understanding of anatomy more than any other medical illustrator since the 16th century, whenVesaliusintroduced drawings based on cadaveric dissections.Dr.Michael DeBakey,[2]TheFrank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac UniversityinNorth Haven, Connecticutopened its doors in 2013.Awards and honors[edit] 1966,Townsend Harris Medal,City College of New York 1969,The Harold Swanberg Distinguished Service Award,American Medical Writers Association 1973,Distinguished Service Award,National Kidney Foundation 1979,Resolution of Commendation,Florida State Legislature 1981,Distinguished Service Award,American College of Cardiology 1981,Honorary Degree, Doctor of Science,New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry 1985,Honorary Degree, Doctor of Science,Georgetown University 1986,Life Achievement Award,Society of Illustrators 1986,The Solomon A. Berson Medical Alumni Achievement Award,New York UniversitySchool of Medicine 1986,Honorary Degree, Doctor of Science,Universit de Sherbrooke, Canada 1986,Lifetime Achievement Award,Association of Medical Illustrators 1986, Dedication of theNetter Library, CIBA-Geigy Corporation 1987,Honorary Member,Radiological Society of North America 1988,Honorary Award for Contribution to Knowledge of Musculoskeletal System,American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons 1988,Honorary Fellowship,Medical Artists Association of Great Britain 1990,Award of Special Recognition, Association of Medical Illustrators 1990,Honorary Member Award,American Association of Clinical AnatomistsReferences[edit]1. Jump up^"Special Collections Malloch Room Newsletter 2"(PDF),New York Academy of Medicine, retrieved2014-03-012. Jump up^"Netter Medical Trial Exhibits. The Netter Story". Fort Lauderdale, FL: The Graphic Witness. Retrieved25 April2014. Dr. Frank H. Netter (January 1981), "Frank Netter: The Man, The Artist, The Surgeon",Medical Times(condensed reprint fromThe Saturday Evening Post, 1976) The Five Senses, CIBA-Geigy Corporation, 1992,ASINB00A17MKVE(memorial portfolio and essays) Netter, Francine Mary (his daughter) (2013).Medicine's Michelangelo: The Life & Art of Frank H. Netter, MD.Quinnipiac UniversityPress.ISBN0989137600.External links[edit] "Frank H. Netter, MD",Netter Digital Images(Elsevier), retrieved2013-01-12- Short biographical article by the current publisher and copyright-owner "Netter",US Elsevier Health Bookshop, retrieved2013-01-12- Via NYAM Netter Images, retrieved2013-01-12- The official Facebook page of the Netter Team at Reed Elsevier