freaky freud! ms rebecca psychology. review 1. what is personality? 2. what are traits? 3. is my...
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Freaky Freud!
Ms Rebecca Psychology
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Review
1. What is personality? 2. What are traits? 3. Is my perception of my
personality different from others’? 4. Are personality tests ONLY
measuring BAD traits? 5. According to the MMPI-2, what
levels of the 5 traits do I have?
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By the end of today….. 1. Who is Freud and where does
personality come from acc to the Psychoanalytic perspective?
2. What are the id, ego, and superego?
3. What are the 5 stages of development according to Freud and what happens during each stage?
4. When does “development" of personality end?
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I. Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
http://yourblues.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/sigmund_freud-loc.jpg
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What IS the Psychoanalytic Theory?
Says we are influenced by forces beneath our conscious: (in our unconscious)
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Beneath the surface!
Believed many of peoples’ deepest thoughts, fears and urges remain out of awareness in an unconscious part of the mind.
http://www.texaspos.com/images/iceburg.jpg
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A. How do you explore the unconscious part of the mind?
Psychoanalysis: People are supposed to talk about anything that they think of so psychologists can analyze the deeper meaning.
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a. Patients in a relaxed setting
Like a couch!
http://www.freud.org.uk/Marge.jpg
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2. Dream analysis
Freud believed that people’s unconscious wishes may also appear in their dreams
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So
Freud asked people to write their dreams down when they woke up and then he tried to figure out the hidden meaning
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3. Hypnosis
Was another method Freud used to try to get to peoples’ unconscious thoughts.
Later abandoned
http://images.google.co.th/imgres?imgurl=http://www.seductionlabs.org/images/Hypnosis-fate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.seductionlabs.org/2008/06/06/covert-hypnosis/&h=344&w=403&sz=16&hl=en&start=4&sig2=ewvShhkWTgyxg8lasaprjg&um=1&usg=__ikPwWYdRoim-i9EW9iD2dmA-8rI=&tbnid=BuZqEB3pA4VzmM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=124&ei=Zq_QSOmmH4qM6gO6s_3IDw&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHypnosis%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den
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II. 3 Basic Psychological Structures
ID EGO SUPEREGO
http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/learning_modules/psychology/02.TU.04/illustrations/02.IL.17.gif
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A. ID
Basic drives like hunger are part of the ID.
1-present at birth 2-stereotypical 2 year old: “I want
what I want, when I want it” 3-pays no attention to laws,
customs, or the needs of others
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B. EGO
1. Develops because a child’s demands for instant gratification cannot be met
We can’t always get what we want
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Goal of the EGO
2. Satisfy the desires of the ID in a
Realistic way.
Example: Your ID says you are hungry and your EGO says you should cook a hamburger instead of eating it raw.
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The Ego
3. Also provides a sense of self or a sense of what you should do to make yourself happy like study for a test.
4. AND the EGO is a censor that screens out the wild impulses of the ID
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C. Superego
1-Develops throughout early childhood
2-Goal: moral principle: standards and values of parents and other members of the community give us our moral sense.
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3. The conscience
The superego floods the ego with feelings of guilt or shame when we do something society defines as wrong.
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Who has the toughest job?
The EGO! Why? The Ego has
to juggle the needs of the ID AND the SUPEREGO!
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Example:
ID: “You want to go out with your friends! Don’t study!”
SUPEREGO: “You must study all night or you won’t pass the test!”
EGO: Balance! “Study now and after you do well on your test you can spend time with friends”
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Psychosexual Stages of Development
Freud believed that a person’s personality developed through a series of 5 stages.
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Why are the stages important?
ADULT psychological problems might come from unresolved childhood conflicts.
If you don’t resolve conflicts during your early life, you may become stuck in some of the traits of your childhood.
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1. Oral Stage:
http://www.worldofstock.com/slides/PCH8851.jpg
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About the Oral Stage
When: First year of life What is it?: Infants explore their
mouths and put things into their mouths to learn about them. Main source of pleasure: food
Children depend on adults to feed them at this stage
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What if there are problems in a child’s Oral stage?
According to Freud, If a child’s needs aren’t met during the oral stage they may get stuck in the oral stage later in life.
How? Continue to focus on pleasures of the mouth: Smoke, overeat, talk a lot, nail biting. ALSO might have clinging relationships as an adult.
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2. Anal Stage
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About the Anal Stage
When: ages of 1 &1/2 – 2 &1/2 What happens?: Children learn they
can control bodily functions (when they poo poo and pee pee)
CONTROL becomes very important
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What if there are problems during a child’s Anal stage?
Control issues! People can become: 1. Anal
retentive: they need to control everything. Ex: Perfectionist
Or people become 2. Anal Expulsive: careless and messy
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3. Phallic Stage
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About the phallic stage
When: Age 3 What happens: boys and girls notice
they are different from each other. They may develop STRONG attachments to the parent of the opposite sex.
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Oedipus Complex
When a son has sexual desire for his mother.
*Many people don’t think this exists!
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Electra Complex
When a daughter has a sexual desire for her father.
*Many people don’t think this exists!
http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png/300px-Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png
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What if there are problems during the Phallic Stage?
Freud suggested that problems during this stage can lead to:
Depression Excessive guilt Anxiety
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4. Latency Stage
http://practicalramblings.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/hide_and_seek1.jpg
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About the Latency Stage
When: Age 5-just before puberty What: Latent = hidden Impulses and emotions remain
hidden or unconscious
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5. The Genital Stage
http://www.offthemarkcartoons.com/cartoons/2002-04-21.gif
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About the Genital Stage
When: Puberty What: Kids become aware of their
gender identity. Conflicts of early development stages resurface.
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Review:
Answer the following questions:What are 2 main ideas about where
personality comes from according to the Psychoanalytic Theory?
Who is Freud and what does he say are the 3 parts of personality? What does each part do?
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Psychoanalytic theory
Says we are influenced by forces beneath our conscious: (in our unconscious)
We are only able to understand our true feelings when we free associate or dream or are hypnotized…
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Stages of Personality
ID= Basic urges EGO=regulates basic needs and
conscience SUPEREGO=moral sense, what
SHOULD I do
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Review! 1. Who is Freud and where does
personality come from acc to the Psychoanalytic perspective?
2. What are the id, ego, and superego?
3. What are the 5 stages of development according to Freud and what happens during each stage?
4. When does “development" of personality end?
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Now
We are going to learn about another one of Freud’s ideas about personality: Defense Mechanisms
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What you should learn: 1. Why do people use defense
mechanisms? 2. What are the 8 defense
mechanisms and how are they used?
3. Can you think of an example of a defense mechanism that you use? Explain.
4. Are any defense mechanisms healthy? Which ones?
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Defense Mechanisms
Are the methods the ego uses to avoid facing emotions or ideas that cause pain or stress. (Goal 4 of Psychology!)
Defense Mechanisms, like the id, ego and superego operates beneath our conscious.
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What are they?
Repression Rationalization Displacement Regression Projection Reaction Formation Denial Sublimation
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1. Repression
Pushes painful or stressful ideas into the subconscious.
Like a tea-kettle holds in steam, people hold in their urges.
http://images.google.co.th/images?gbv=2&hl=en&q=hold+your+breath
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Problem with repression
When steam builds up, the tea-kettle pops it’s lid.
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When people let their emotions and urges build up inside of them they eventually explode through outbursts of anger and maybe developing other psychological and emotional problems.
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2. Rationalization Distorts unacceptable ideas and
behaviors to justify them. Makes excuses to try to make it seem like unacceptable behavior is ok.
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Example of Rationalization
A student who cheats on a test may say:
“I only cheated on a few questions, I knew most of the answers!”
http://www.borg.com/~rjgtoons/images/ed11.gif
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3. Displacement
To transfer an impulse or idea from a threatening object to a LESS threatening object. Example: If you are yelled at by your boss you can’t yell back you’ll get fired!
So, you go home and yell at your loved ones!
http://www.clipartof.com/images/thumbnail/930.jpg
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So, you go home and yell at your loved ones!
Works for dad!
http://www.greenberg-art.com/.Illustrations/.Humorous/qq1sgYellingAtKids.jpg
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4. Regression
When someone is under a lot of stress, they return to behavior from an earlier stage of development.
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/21/89190904_6a725fd03e.jpg?v=0
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Example of Regression
Someone who gets divorced may become clingy to parents again like they were as a child.
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5. Projection
People deal with unacceptable impulses by acting as if OTHER people have them.
They see their own faults in other people.
http://stanleybronstein.com/blog/blame.jpg
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6. Reaction Formation
People act the opposite of how they really feel.
http://www.arcticnunavut.ca/images/Opposites
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Example of Reaction Formation
Acting like you hate someone you really have a crush on.
http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/mba/lowres/mban2023l.jpg
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7. Denial
A person refuses to accept the reality of anything that is bad.
http://i209.photobucket.com/albums/bb44/spadum/de-motivational%20posters/denial.jpg
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Example of Denial
People think that they won’t get sick and die from smoking because they are in denial.
http://thecia.com.au/reviews/t/images/thank-you-for-smoking-poster-0.jpg
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8. Sublimation
When people channel impulses into socially acceptable behavior.
Example: Someone who is aggressive…
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Can channel their aggression into playing sports
http://www.sportsciencepress.com/images/sports-psychology-3-350.jpg
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Effects of Defense Mechanisms
Using defense mechanisms can be normal to protect people from painful feelings. BUT…..
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Defense Mechanisms can be unhealthy…
If the lead people to ignore the issues that cause feelings of pain.
According to Freud, If you have a healthy ego, you should be able to balance the ID and Superego without using defense mechanisms
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Review 1. Why do people use defense
mechanisms? 2. What are the 8 defense
mechanisms and how are they used? 3. Can you think of an example of a
defense mechanism that you use? Explain.
4. Are any defense mechanisms healthy? Which ones?
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Final thoughts about Freud
Today concepts like the ID and Oedipus Complex are considered unscientific but Freud’s work was very important to Psychology.
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Why?
1. Freud helped to develop compassion for those with Psychological disorders.
In the past, people were just dismissed as being “crazy” but after Freud’s research more people realized that psychological problems weren’t just weaknesses.
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2. Introduced idea that childhood influences adulthood
Importance of recognizing emotional needs of children.
This inspired others to continue the research Freud started.
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Homework:
Defense Mechanism Packet Optional: Read pp323-329 to help
you understand the Psychodynamic perspective.