fredo durand mit- lab for computer...
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The Art and Science of Depiction
Fredo Durand
MIT- Lab for Computer Science
Non-linearDrawing systems
Drawing systems 2
Non-linear drawing systems
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Drawing systems 3
Munch exhibition
• Boston College
• Until May 21.
• Birth of expressionism
Drawing systems 4
Munch
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Drawing systems 5
Munch
Drawing systems 6
Munch
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Drawing systems 7
Munch
Drawing systems 8
Munch
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Drawing systems 9
Munch
Drawing systems 10
Munch
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Drawing systems 11
Green flash
Drawing systems 12
Green flash
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Drawing systems 13
Green flash
Drawing systems 14
Green flash
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Drawing systems 15
Green flash
Drawing systems 16
Anamorphosis
• Gregoire Huret 1670
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Drawing systems 17
Plan
• Drawing and projection– Linear perspective & the Renaissance
– Drawing systemsCatalogue of “all” drawing systems
Advantage/disadvantages
– Distortion and constraints
• Denotation
• Tone & color
Drawing systems 18
Classification of drawing systems• Linear
– Parallel• Orthogonal• Fold-out oblique
– Horizontal oblique
– Vertical oblique
• Orthographic– Isometric
– Others
• Non orthogonal– Oblique– Axonometric
– Linear perspective• One point• Two points• Three points
– Divergent perspective
• Non Linear– Quasi linear
• Naïve perspective
• Expressionist perspective
• Importance-driven
• Cell panorama
– Curved projections• Panorama
• Fish-eye
– Topological
– Split views, fold-out
– Multiple viewpoints
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Drawing systems 19
Linear projections• Straight lines and alignments are preserved• Can be expressed in primary geometry
– Ray-image intersections– A matrix
• Parallel
• Linear perspective
• Divergent perspective
Drawing systems 20
Classification of drawing systems
• Linear– Parallel
– Linear perspective
– Divergent perspective
• Non Linear– Quasi linear
– Curved projections
– Topological
– Split views, fold-out
– Multiple viewpoints
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Drawing systems 21
Non Linear
• Does not preserve straight lines
• Can get rid of some distortions
• More freedom
• Dramatic effects
Drawing systems 22
Non Linear
• Quasi linear
• Curved projections
• Topological
• Split views, fold-out
• Multiple viewpoints
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Drawing systems 23
Quasi linear
• Locally linear
• Preserves the drawn straight lines
• No “accurate” space
• Unified space
Drawing systems 24
Quasi linear
• Naïve perspective
• “Expressionist” perspective
• Importance-driven
• Locally linear
• Cell panorama
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Drawing systems 25
Naïve perspective
• Attempt to depict scene 3 dimensionally
• Often lack of skill
• More or less formal secondary geometry rules
Drawing systems 26
Naïve perspective
• Pompeii
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Drawing systems 27
Naïve perspective
• Giotto
Drawing systems 28
Naïve perspective
• 18th century
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Drawing systems 29
Locally linear
• Linear for objects or parts of the scene
• Choose the best system for each part
• Allows different scales, provide context
• In fact, this is the most common system!
Drawing systems 30
Locally linear
• Folk
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Drawing systems 31
Locally linear
Drawing systems 32
Locally linear
• Egyptian
• Best viewfor eachobject
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Drawing systems 33
Locally linear
• Persian miniature, 1494
• Oblique+vertical oblique
Drawing systems 34
Locally linear
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Drawing systems 35
Locally linear
• Plan of Manhattan
Drawing systems 36
Locally linear
• Llibre Dels Feus 1162-1199
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Drawing systems 37
Locally linear
• St John the Baptist Retiring to the DesertGiovanni di Paolo 1454
Drawing systems 38
Locally linear
• Raphael, The School of Athens
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Drawing systems 39
Importance-driven
• Size depends on importance, symbol
Drawing systems 40
Importance-driven
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Drawing systems 41
Importance-driven
• Piero de la FrancescaMercy
Drawing systems 42
Comparison
• Piero de la Francesca , Flagellation, 1460
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Drawing systems 43
Importance-driven
Drawing systems 44
Data-driven
• Scientific American
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Drawing systems 45
Cell multiperspective panorama
• Pinocchio, Walt Disney
Drawing systems 46
Multiperspective panorama
• [Wood et al. 98]
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Drawing systems 47
Multiperspective panorama
• [Wood et al. 98]
Drawing systems 48
Multiperspective panorama
• [Wood et al. 98]
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Drawing systems 49
“Impressionist” perspective
• Pissaro
Drawing systems 50
“Expressionist” perspective
• Munch, the Scream
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Drawing systems 51
“Expressionist” perspective
• Van Gogh
Drawing systems 52
Cézanne
• Still life with basket, composition rule
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Drawing systems 53
Cézanne
• Montagne Ste Victoire
Drawing systems 54
Cézanne
• Montagne Ste Victoire
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Drawing systems 55
“Expressionist” perspective
• Max Beckman Family Picture 1920
Drawing systems 56
“Expressionist” perspective
• Umberto Boccioni The Street Enters The House 1911
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Drawing systems 57
Quasi linear
• Modigliani Femme au Chapeau
Drawing systems 58
Classification of drawing systems
• Linear– Parallel
– Linear perspective
– Divergent perspective
• Non Linear– Quasi linear
– Curved projections
– Topological
– Split views, fold-out
– Multiple viewpoints
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Drawing systems 59
Leonardo & contradictions
• Wide angle vision
Drawing systems 60
Leonardo & contradictions
• Wide angle vision
• Lateral recession
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Drawing systems 61
Curved perspective
• Panorama– Preserve verticals
• Fish eye
Drawing systems 62
Curved perspective
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Drawing systems 63
Curved perspective
• Jean Fouquet, 15th century
Drawing systems 64
Curved perspective
• A View of Delft Carel Fabritius (follower of Rembrandt) 1652
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Drawing systems 65
Curved perspective
• Turner Petworth Park Tillington, Church in the Distance 1828
Drawing systems 66
Curved perspective
• Panoramic camera
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Drawing systems 67
“Expressionist” perspective
• Van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles
Drawing systems 68
“Expressionist” perspective
• Van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles
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Drawing systems 69
Curved perspective
• Panorama– Preserve verticals
• Fish eye
Drawing systems 70
Fish-eye
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Drawing systems 71
Fish-eye vs. wide angle
Drawing systems 72
Fish-eye vs. wide angle
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Drawing systems 73
Bird’s eye attachment
Drawing systems 74
Fish-eye
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Drawing systems 75
Fish-eye
• MC Escher, Hand with Reflecting Globe
Drawing systems 76
Fish-eye
• MC Escher, Balcony
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Drawing systems 77
Fish-eye
• London from St Paul's cathedral 1845
Drawing systems 78
Fish-eye
• Anthony Green The 30th Wedding Anniversary
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Drawing systems 79
Projection surface
• Panorama, Imax
• “Good viewpoint”– Primary geometry and viewing conditions match
Drawing systems 80
Projection
• Pavilion in the Colosseum Regent's Park1829
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Drawing systems 81
Classification of drawing systems
• Linear– Parallel
– Linear perspective
– Divergent perspective
• Non Linear– Quasi linear
– Curved projections
– Topological
– Split views, fold-out
– Multiple viewpoints
Drawing systems 82
Topological
• Paul Klee, Another Camel
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Drawing systems 83
Topological
• London Underground, Beck, 1931
Drawing systems 84
Topological
• Children drawing
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Drawing systems 85
Topological
• Comics
Drawing systems 86
Classification of drawing systems
• Linear– Parallel
– Linear perspective
– Divergent perspective
• Non Linear– Quasi linear
– Curved projections
– Topological
– Split views, fold-out
– Multiple viewpoints
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Drawing systems 87
Split views, fold-out
• Can be seen as a smooth viewpoint change
• Can represent an object from all sides
• Continuity, preserves topology
Drawing systems 88
Split views, fold-out
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Drawing systems 89
Split views, fold-out
Drawing systems 90
Split views, fold-out
• Picasso, Portrait of a woman
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Drawing systems 91
Split views, fold-out
• Northwest Indian Double Profile Bear
Drawing systems 92
Split views, fold-out
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Drawing systems 93
Split views, fold-out
• Multiple-center of projection images, PaulRademacher
Drawing systems 94
Split views, fold-out
• Multiple-center of projection images, PaulRademacher
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Drawing systems 95
Split views, fold-out
• Multicultural study
Drawing systems 96
Split views, fold-out
• Interactive caricature (Fred Vernier)
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Drawing systems 97
Split views, fold-out
• Interactive caricature (Fred Vernier)
Drawing systems 98
Split views, fold-out
• Interactive caricature (Fred Vernier)
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Drawing systems 99
Split views, fold-out
• Interactive caricature (Fred Vernier)
Drawing systems 100
Cinema
• Robert Wiene The cabinet of Dr Caligari 1919-1920
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Drawing systems 101
Classification of drawing systems
• Linear– Parallel
– Linear perspective
– Divergent perspective
• Non Linear– Quasi linear
– Curved projections
– Topological
– Split views, fold-out
– Multiple viewpoints
Drawing systems 102
Multiple viewpoints
• No more unity of pictorial space
• Represents objects from different viewpoints
• Less continuity, no topology
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Drawing systems 103
Cubism
• CandlestickGeorge Braque1911
Drawing systems 104
Cubism
• BoatsGeorge Braque
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Drawing systems 105
Hockney
Drawing systems 106
Hockney
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Drawing systems 107
Escher
• Other World 1947
Drawing systems 108
Mirrors, lenses
• Freddie FrancisThe Skull
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Drawing systems 109
Mirrors, lenses
• Hedgecoe
Drawing systems 110
Mirrors, lenses
• Casas Abarca Le Salon 1875-1958
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Drawing systems 111
Mirrors, lenses
• Manet, Le Bar Des Folies Bergeres
Drawing systems 112
Discussion
• No universal solution
• Secondary geometry
• Invariants
• Property mapping or translation
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Drawing systems 113
Drawing and cinema
• Characters too close
• Trenching
• Etc.