free and open source software: software industry's new best friend
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Free and Open Source Software: Software Industry's New Best Friend
Sameer Verma, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorInformation Systems DepartmentSan Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco, CA 94132 USA
Introduction San Francisco State University
Part of the California State University system 23 campuses, 450,000+ students, 24,000+ faculty
San Francisco State University 8 colleges 30,000+ students Undergraduate: 24,000 + Graduate: 6,000 + Faculty: 1,800 +
http://www.sfsu.edu/
About myself
Agenda
Free and Open Source Software Software industry's interest Research approaches and studies Potential for growth Beyond software
Free and Open Source Software
Two viewpoints: Free Software (http://fsf.org) Open Source Software (http://opensource.org)
FOSS: A public commons approach Who's involved:
Individuals Community groups Nonprofit foundations Software corporations
Four Freedoms
● Freedom 0: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose.
● Freedom 1: The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs.
● Freedom 2: The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.
● Freedom 3: The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits.
The Open Source Definition
1. Free Redistribution
2. Source Code
3. Derived Works
4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code
5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
7. Distribution of License
8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software
10. License Must Be TechnologyNeutral
Who does FOSS?
IBM
Oracle
Sun Microsystems
HP
Microsoft
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_is_futile
Free and Open Source Software
Examples
Mozilla Firefox
Ubuntu Linux
SugarCRM
OpenOffice
Nokia Maemo
Openmoko
Android
Tuxpaint
Why is FOSS so interesting?
Software development Sustainable computing Social phenomenon Network effects Internationalization Spillover effects
Research Streams
Diffusion and Adoption
FOSS as an innovation Established models
Diffusion of innovation Communication channels: mass media, wordofmouth,
networks Innovation adoption and use
Influenced on perceived attributes rather than real attributes
Unit of analysis: Individual vs enterprise adoption
Studies
Silicon Valley vs software hubs in India Comparative study on adoption
User Satisfaction Wikis for collaboration FOSS lab (http://opensource.sfsu.edu/medusa)
Software as a service model Google Apps (proprietary) EyeOS (FOSS)
FOSS: Technology and Policy
ICT Policy Infrastructure Availability of Software Software Piracy Localization of nonEnglish languages
ASEAN
10 countries in ASEAN Association of SouthEast Asian Nations
UNDP: “The vision is that developing countries in
the AsiaPacific Region can achieve rapid and sustained economic and social development by using affordable yet effective FOSS ICT solutions to bridge the digital divide.”
Singapore
Malaysia
Brunei D.
Thailand
Philippines
Indonesia
Viet Nam
Cambodia
Myanmar
Laos
OSS adoption in ASEAN nations
Malaysia
Indonesia
Singapore
Indonesia
Thailand
Vietnam
Cambodia
Laos
Brunei
Philippines
Myanmar
IT Infrastructure
Software Industry
Geographic spread
Local involvement
Government actions
Localization efforts
Adoption Survey
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Methodology
Use of FOSS across ASEAN
Studies
ASEAN group of nations Data collection Profiling Policies
Indonesia Survey Interviews
Business Models
Scope of a business model Concept + Competency = Value creation
Concepts are abundant Competency can be “outsourced” by using
FOSS Value creation
Amazon, Google, Yahoo!, Canonical
Licensing and Business Models
Concept is typically market dependent Does it have a demand?
Competency is FOSSbased License selection can influence future business
decisions including code availability Can the code be the “secret”? Core competency must not be outsourced
Support, Packaging, QA, Integration
Studies
Licensing and Business Models Examine business models and their
relationships with licensing choice
FOSS and Born Global
FOSS is international by default Created, distributed, maintained and managed
on the network Supply is global Managing demand globally is difficult
Market segmentation, differentiation, etc.
Can FOSS be leveraged to produce Born Global companies ?
Studies
Canonical Ubuntu Linux
Funambol Sync4j
Nokia Maemo
FIC Openmoko
Sustainable Computing
An integral approach to managing computing resources over the long term
Hardware, Software, Networks Reasons for Sustainable Computing
Social responsibility Image Monetary Legal compliance
One Laptop Per Child
Somebody is finally thinking of the
children!
a different generation
my compi!
Mira Verma
School Galadima, Abuja City, Nigeria See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Galadima
Samkha village located in the suburbs of northern ThailandSee http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Thailand/Ban_Samkha
Khairat school is India's pilot site.See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_India
Sugar: a different interface
http://laptopgiving.org/en/softwareandinterface.php
Sweet as Sugar!
Laptop
7.5 inch diagonal screen at 1200x900 (200 dpi) Sunlight readable!
WiFi, USB, microphone, speakers, camera, SD card slot
Screen rotates to tablet mode Water resistant keyboard Dust resistant design
Hand Crank Charger
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Peripherals/Hand_Crank
Solar Panel
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Product_News#Solar_Panels
5 Watt/14Volt panel
Mesh Networking
Mesh does not require central hublike infrastructure
Wireless mesh works even when the CPU powers off
Linux in the box
OLPC Jamaica
Mailing list
http://lists.laptop.org/listinfo/olpcjamaica Wiki
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Jamaica
One Laptop per Child
A collaborative effort for building hardware, software and networks for underdeveloped nations Scale: laptop
Hardware: inexpensive, low power Solar, wind, animal, human, etc.
Software: FOSS stack + educational material Network: Selfsustained mesh, powered by non
traditional sources Networks in the middle of nowhere
Beyond Software
Wealth of Networks (Yochai Benkler) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Networks
Creative Commons (Lawrence Lessig) http://www.lessig.org/
Wikipedia Open Access Journals
Public Library of Science (http://www.plos.org/) BioMedCentral (http://www.biomedcentral.com/) Harvard Open Access Policy (http://fas.harvard.edu/)
Software Freedom Day 2008
Software Freedom Day 2008 Celebrated by about 600 teams around the world
UWI Mona Team Thursday, September 18, 2008 http://softwarefreedomday.org/teams/centralandsouthamerica/Jamaica FOSS for Windows
http://www.theopendisc.com/ UWI SFD 2008 Flyer
Contact