free electron laser configurations institute of ......free electron lasers (fel) provide...
TRANSCRIPT
1
FREE
ELE
CTR
ON
LA
SER
FR
EE E
LEC
TRO
N L
ASE
R
CO
NFI
GU
RA
TIO
NS
CO
NFI
GU
RA
TIO
NS
Nik
olay
Nik
olay
Vino
kuro
vVi
noku
rov
Bud
ker
Bud
ker
Inst
itute
of N
ucle
ar P
hysi
csIn
stitu
te o
f Nuc
lear
Phy
sics
Nov
osib
irsk,
Rus
sia
Nov
osib
irsk,
Rus
sia
2
Free
el
ectr
on
lase
rs
(FEL
) pr
ovid
e
mon
ochr
omat
ic ra
diat
ion
at a
ny w
avel
engt
h
(0.1
nm
–1
mm
) an
d co
ntin
uous
ly t
une
this
wav
elen
gth.
Ave
rage
pow
er o
f ra
diat
ion
may
be
up to
100
kW
.
FEL
use
the
phen
omen
on o
f stim
ulat
ed
undu
lato
r rad
iatio
n.
Elec
tron
traj
ecto
ry in
a p
lana
r und
ulat
or
Und
ulat
or i
s th
e m
agne
tic s
yste
m,
whi
ch c
reat
es
spac
e-pe
riodi
c al
tern
atin
g tr
ansv
erse
m
agne
tic
field
. In
su
ch
a fie
ld
elec
tron
s m
oves
al
ong
slig
htly
be
nt
(sin
usoi
dally
, or
he
lical
ly)
traj
ecto
ry.
An
undu
lato
r w
as
inve
nted
by
V. L
. Gin
zbur
gin
194
7. radi
atio
n
4
1 –
inpu
t ele
ctro
n be
am2
–un
dula
tor
3–
used
ele
ctro
n be
am4
–in
put r
adia
tion
5 –
ampl
ified
radi
atio
n
The
sim
ples
t FEL
sch
eme
2
13
45
alte
rnat
ing
mag
netic
fiel
d
5
Syn
chro
tron
radi
atio
n
6
Tim
e de
pend
ence
of t
he u
ndul
ator
radi
atio
n fie
ldc
cλT
()
⎟⎟ ⎠⎞⎜⎜ ⎝⎛
+−
=⎟ ⎠⎞
⎜ ⎝⎛+
−
≈−
⎟ ⎠⎞⎜ ⎝⎛
+=
−=
∫
∫∫
22
0
20
2
0
41
121
1
1
rk
vvdz
dzdxv
cvdz
dzdxc
vdzT
w
ww
ww
z
w
ww
βλ
βλ
λλ
λ
λλ
7
Wav
e fr
onts
, pr
opag
atin
g fr
om
poin
ts
of
the
elec
tron
tr
ajec
tory
w
ith
max
imum
ac
cele
ratio
n (u
ndul
ator
fie
ld
max
ima)
. Th
e ra
diat
ion
wav
elen
gth λ
is m
inim
al fo
r the
forw
ard
dire
ctio
n.
uλ
λ⎟⎟ ⎠⎞
⎜⎜ ⎝⎛+
≈
⎟⎟ ⎠⎞⎜⎜ ⎝⎛
−=
221
cos
1
2
2
θγ
λ
θλ
λ
u
ucv
8
Spon
tane
ous
undu
lato
r rad
iatio
n. P
hoto
was
mad
e at
the
VEPP
-3 s
tora
ge ri
ng (B
udke
rIN
P, 1
978)
.
9
Sync
hron
ism
con
ditio
n: a
t ea
ch u
ndul
ator
per
iod
elec
tron
lags
beh
ind
its
radi
atio
n by
one
w
avel
engt
h.
10
The
spon
tane
ous
undu
lato
r ra
diat
ion
spec
trum
11
Stim
ulat
ed E
mis
sion
–sy
nchr
oniz
atio
n of
ra
diat
ors
12
Rad
iatio
n pu
lses
from
diff
eren
t rad
iato
rs
pass
thro
ugh
a m
onoc
hrom
ator
Mon
ochr
omat
or
T
()
[](
)()
()(
) ⎥ ⎦⎤⎢ ⎣⎡
+−
−=
+−
−−
=∑
∑−
nn
nt
it
in
nn
nM
tt
Tt
te
ae
tt
Tt
tt
ta
tE
nϑ
ϑϑ
ϑω
ωω
Re
cos
)(
13
The
sign
al p
ower
(spe
ctra
l den
sity
) is
prop
ortio
nal t
o th
e am
plitu
de
squa
re
3ti eω
2ti eω
1ti eω
4ti eω
5ti eω
3ti eω
2ti eω
1ti eω
4ti eω
5ti eω
AB
()
∑∑
∑−
=m
n
tt
i
n
ti
mn
ne
aae
ωω
22
А–
cohe
rent
radi
atio
n (p
hase
d ra
diat
ors)
В–
“inco
here
nt”r
adia
tion
14
Sum
mat
ion
of a
sin
gle
radi
ator
pul
se a
nd a
m
onoc
hrom
atic
wav
e
Mon
ochr
omat
or
T
()
22
21
1R
e2
aAae
Aae
At
it
i+
+=
+−
ωω
15
The
wav
e po
wer
var
iatio
n
()
Ta
TAae
TA
Tae
At
it
i2
22
11
Re
2+
+=
+−
ωω
A
1ti
aeω
16
Stim
ulat
ed
emis
sion
is
ca
used
by
sy
nchr
oniz
atio
n of
indi
vidu
al ra
diat
ors.
For
an
FEL
it is
sim
ply
the
long
itudi
nal b
unch
ing,
as
it ta
kes
plac
e in
all
trav
ellin
g w
ave
tube
s.Th
e fir
st F
EL,
mad
e by
R.
Phyl
lips
in 1
959,
w
as t
rave
lling
wav
e tu
be w
ith u
ndul
ator
, and
ca
lled
“ubi
tron
”.
17
The
sim
ples
t tr
avel
ling
wav
e tu
bes
use
the
stim
ulat
ed C
here
nkov
radi
atio
n.
Met
allic
tube
Die
lect
ric
EE
lect
ron
beam
18
As
the
elec
tron
vel
ocity
in t
he u
ndul
ator
has
the
tra
nsve
rse
com
pone
nt, t
he e
lect
ric fi
eld
of th
e tr
ansv
erse
wav
e ch
ange
s th
e el
ectr
on e
nerg
y. L
et t
he t
ime
lag
of a
n el
ectr
on,
pass
ed
one
undu
lato
r pe
riod
λ u,
with
res
pect
to
the
wav
e is
one
w
avel
engt
h λ.
The
n th
e to
tal v
aria
tion
of a
n el
ectr
on e
nerg
y in
th
e un
dula
tor m
ay b
e si
gnifi
cant
.
z
x
Ev
λ
uλ
19
Elec
tron
bun
chin
g du
e to
the
ener
gy (a
nd,
ther
efor
e, v
eloc
ity v
) mod
ulat
ion
BC
vA
vv
zz
z
20x
xVmce
dzdε
γ3
=
⎟⎟ ⎠⎞⎜⎜ ⎝⎛
+≈
21
2
2
20
Kw γλ
λ
sync
hron
ism
e co
nditi
onw
hich
is n
eces
sary
for t
heen
ergy
tran
sfer
Prin
cipl
e of
the
FEL
osci
llato
r ope
ratio
n
21
The
sche
me
of th
e FE
L os
cilla
tor
-3-2
-10
12
3-0
,3
-0,2
-0,10,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
Gain, a.u.
δω/ω
◊, 1/
Nw
Nar
row
ban
dwid
th a
mpl
ifier
with
feed
back
Equi
vale
nt s
chem
e of
FEL
os
cilla
tor (
)ω
Gno
ise
22
FELs
co
ver
seve
n or
ders
of
m
agni
tude
w
avel
engt
h ra
nge
–fr
om 1
mm
to 0
.1 n
m.
THz
FELs
w
orks
in
R
ussi
a (B
udke
rIN
P),
Hol
land
(FEL
IX),
USA
(UC
SB),
Kor
ea(K
AER
I), F
ranc
e(C
LEO
), Ja
pan,
and
oth
er p
lace
s.X-
ray
FELs
op
erat
e in
U
SA
(LC
LS),
and
Ger
man
y(F
LASH
). X-
ray
FEL
proj
ects
are
in J
apan
, G
erm
any,
Kor
ea, I
taly
, UK
, and
Chi
na.
FEL
of t
he D
uke
Uni
vers
ity (
USA
) is
use
d to
ge
nera
te 1
00 M
eV(λ
=10-
14m
)pho
tons
.
23
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
110100
1000
|Iω0|2, о.е.
z, о
.е.
экспоненциальный рост
начальная ст
адия
насы
щение
Bun
chin
g de
gree
vs.
und
ulat
or le
ngth
Hig
h ga
in F
EL
24
Exam
ples
: sm
alle
st a
nd b
igge
st F
ELs
25
Com
pact
TH
z FE
L.D
evel
oped
and
bui
lt by
the
Bud
kerI
NP
for K
AER
I(K
orea
). O
pera
tes
sinc
e 19
98.
mic
rotr
on
BEA
MLI
NE
undu
lato
r
26
X-ra
y FE
L (S
LAC
, США
)
27
Und
ulat
or o
f the
x-r
ay F
EL (t
otal
leng
th
abou
t 50
m)
28
Poss
ible
sch
eme
of th
e co
mbi
ned
LWFA
an
d X-
ray
FEL
expe
rimen
t
29
FEL
deve
lopm
ent i
n th
e B
udke
rIN
P
30
Kly
srto
nan
d op
tical
kly
stro
n
L 1
L b
L 2
The
mic
row
ave
klys
tron
. 1,
2 -
reso
nato
rs, 3
-dr
ift
spac
e, 4
-el
ectr
on b
eam
.
The
elec
tron
traj
ecto
ry in
th
e op
tical
kly
stro
n.
31
Firs
t in
the
wor
ld h
ybrid
per
man
ent m
agne
t und
ulat
or (B
udke
rIN
P,
OK
-2, 1
980)
. Use
d in
opt
ical
kly
stro
n, w
hich
was
pro
pose
d an
d de
velo
ped
theo
retic
ally
and
exp
erim
enta
lly in
Bud
kerI
NP
.
32
•19
77-1
985
–in
vent
ed a
nd b
uilt:
opt
ical
kly
stro
n, v
aria
ble-
gap
perm
anen
t m
agne
t un
dula
tor,
hyb
rid p
erm
anen
t m
agne
t un
dula
tor;
•
theo
retic
al in
vest
igat
ion
of F
EL p
hysi
cs;
•ex
perim
enta
l st
udy
of s
pont
aneo
us a
nd s
timul
ated
em
issi
on o
f op
tical
kl
ystr
on w
as p
erfo
rmed
.
•19
85-1
994
–vi
sibl
e an
d U
V ra
nge
FEL
was
bui
lt.•
long
ele
ctro
mag
netic
und
ulat
ors
of o
rigin
al d
esig
n;•
shor
t-w
avel
engt
h re
cord
for
FEL
(0.
24 m
icro
n);
•lin
ewdi
thna
rrow
ing
by in
trac
avity
Fabr
y-Pe
rot
etal
on;
•el
ectr
on o
utco
uplin
gof
rad
iatio
n in
FEL
was
pro
pose
d an
d te
sted
.
FEL-
rela
ted
activ
ity o
f Bud
kerI
NP
33
FEL
at b
ypas
s on
the
VE
PP
-3
stor
age
ring
(Bud
kerI
NP
, 19
87-1
995)
.
34
Ele
ctro
mag
netic
und
ulat
or O
K-4
(Bud
kerI
NP
, 198
7-19
95. S
ince
199
6 –
in D
uke
Uni
vers
ity, U
SA
).
35
FEL
linew
idth
narr
owin
g w
ith in
trac
avity
glas
s pl
ate
36
FEL
linew
idth
3·10
-6
37
Duk
e U
nive
rsity
FEL
-bas
ed H
igh
Inte
nsity
Gam
ma-
ray
Sour
ce u
se th
e FE
L in
trac
avity
radi
atio
n fo
r the
bac
k C
ompt
on s
catte
ring.
38
e-e-
Und
ulat
or 1
(ene
rgy
mod
ulat
ion)
Und
ulat
or 2
(radi
atio
n)
Why
ele
ctro
n ou
tcou
plin
g?
•low
er lo
ad o
n op
tical
cav
ity m
irror
s
•wav
elen
gth
tuna
bilit
y (h
igh
pow
er p
artia
lly tr
ansp
aren
t
mirr
ors
have
nar
row
ban
d)
Sche
mat
ic d
iagr
am o
f ele
ctro
n ou
tcou
plin
g
3939
Elec
tron
out
coup
ling
and
Youn
g ex
perim
ent w
ith tw
o un
dula
tors
40
Inte
rfer
ence
pic
ture
s, o
bser
ved
at
a)no
n-ac
hrom
atic
ben
d,
b)ac
hrom
atic
ben
d w
ithou
t de
lay
com
pens
atio
n,
c)ac
hrom
atic
be
nd
with
de
lay
com
pens
atio
n.
41
Con
serv
atio
n of
mic
robu
nchi
ngin
the
isoc
hron
ous
bend
42
Gen
eral
sch
eme
and
prin
cipl
es o
f ope
ratio
n of
ring
FEL
The
beam
mic
robu
nchi
ngis
par
tly c
onse
rved
in
the
isoc
hron
ous
bend
43Si
gnal
from
the
old
bunc
h to
the
fres
h on
e is
tran
sfer
red
by
radi
atio
n
44
quad
rupo
les
sext
upol
es
bend
ing
mag
nets
Typi
cal l
attic
e of
sho
rt is
ochr
onou
s be
nd
Sec
ond
orde
r abe
rrat
ions
are
com
pens
ated
by
sext
upol
es
Latti
ce o
f iso
chro
nous
ben
ds
45
Rin
g FE
L re
quire
s E
RL
as a
sou
rce
of e
lect
ron
beam
s, a
s th
e av
erag
e be
am p
ower
can
be
very
hig
h.
46
Poss
ible
layo
ut o
f the
infr
ared
ring
FEL
47
Nov
osib
irsk
high
pow
er T
Hz
FEL
48
Ene
rgy
reco
very
•de
crea
ses r
adia
tion
haza
rd a
nd•
mak
es p
ossi
ble
oper
atio
n at
hig
h av
erag
e cu
rren
t.
Ele
ctro
n ef
ficie
ncy
of F
EL
is r
athe
r lo
w (~
1%),
ther
efor
e en
ergy
rec
over
y is
nec
essa
ry f
or a
hig
h po
wer
FE
L.
49
Ener
gy re
cove
ry li
nacs
(ER
Ls)
with
the
sam
e-ca
vity
ene
rgy
reco
very
RF
AC
CE
LER
ATO
R
INJE
CTO
R
BE
AM
DU
MP
US
ER
DE
VIC
E
a
bIN
JEC
TOR
RF
AC
CE
LER
ATO
R
US
ER
DE
VIC
E
BE
AM
DU
MP
Prob
lem
s: a
–co
llidi
ng b
eam
s, b
–fo
cusi
ng o
f tw
o be
ams
with
diff
eren
t ene
rgie
s in
the
RF
acce
lera
tor.
50
3 ER
Lsar
e in
ope
ratio
n no
w. A
ll th
ey w
orks
for F
ELs.
Jeffe
rson
Lab
. (U
SA)
and
JAER
I (J
apan
) ER
Lsus
e su
perc
ondu
ctin
g R
F.
Nov
osib
irsk
ERL
uses
nor
mal
-con
duct
ing
RF.
It
is t
he
only
one
with
tw
o or
bits
(tw
o ac
cele
ratio
ns a
nd t
wo
dece
lera
tions
).
ERLs
for F
ELs
51
Ene
rgy
80 to
160
MeV
Ave
. Cur
rent
9.1
mA
Cha
rge
1
50 p
CT
rans
vers
e E
mitt
ance
<
8 m
m-m
rad
Ene
rgy
Spre
ad
0.3
%B
unch
leng
th
0.35
ps F
WH
M
Lon
gitu
dina
l Em
ittan
ce <
80 k
V-p
s
52
Sibe
rian
cen
ter
of p
hot
och
emic
al r
esea
rch
53
Firs
t st
age:
subm
illim
eter
(TH
z) F
EL GU
NRF
cavi
ties
Undula
tors
Dum
p
Mirro
rM
irro
r Ele
ctro
nbe
amfro
mth
egu
npa
sses
thro
ugh
the
bunc
hing
RF
cavi
ty,
drift
sect
ion,
tw
o ac
cele
ratin
gca
vitie
s,th
e m
ain
acce
lera
ting
stru
ctur
ean
dth
eun
dula
tor,
whe
rea
fract
ion
ofits
ener
gyis
conv
erte
dto
radi
atio
n.
Afte
rth
at, t
hebe
amre
turn
sto
the
mai
nac
cele
ratin
gst
ruct
ure
ina
dece
lera
ting
RF
phas
e, d
ecre
ases
itsen
ergy
toits
inje
ctio
nva
lue
(2 M
eV)
and
isab
sorb
edin
the
beam
dum
p.
54
Layo
utof
the
optic
al re
sona
tor
8 m
m
26.6
m
3.5
mm
76 m
m8.
6 m
R 1
5 m
R 1
5 m
Bea
mlin
e
55
TH
z FE
L (o
ld)
56
Free
Ele
ctro
n L
aser
(old
) Pa
ram
eter
s
♦W
avel
engt
h, m
m
0.
12-0
.24
♦Pu
lse
dura
tion,
FW
HM
, ps
~
50
♦Pu
lse
ener
gy, m
J
0.04
♦Rep
etiti
on r
ate,
MH
z
11.2
♦Av
erag
e po
wer
, kW
0.5
♦Pe
ak p
ower
, MW
1
♦M
inim
um r
elat
ive
linew
idth
, FW
HM
3⋅10
-3
57
Nov
osib
irsk
Nov
osib
irsk
FEL
(1FE
L (1
ststst
age
stag
e ))an
d ra
diat
ion
pow
er ti
me
and
radi
atio
n po
wer
tim
e --de
pend
ence
depe
nden
ce
58
Lasi
ng (
1)
Lasi
ng (
4)
Lasi
ng (
2)
Third
and
fou
rth
trac
ks w
ith I
R
Third
and
fou
rth
trac
ks w
ith I
R
FEL
(und
er c
onst
ruct
ion)
FEL
(und
er c
onst
ruct
ion)
Sing
le t
rack
in v
ertic
al p
lane
with
Sing
le t
rack
in v
ertic
al p
lane
with
the
THz
FEL
(in o
pera
tion)
the
THz
FEL
(in o
pera
tion)
Com
mon
acc
eler
atin
g RF
Com
mon
acc
eler
atin
g RF
stru
ctur
est
ruct
ure
58
Firs
t an
d se
cond
hor
izon
tal
Firs
t an
d se
cond
hor
izon
tal
trac
ks w
ith s
econ
d FE
L at
tr
acks
with
sec
ond
FEL
at
bypa
ssby
pass
(in o
pera
tion)
(in o
pera
tion)N
ovos
ibirs
k ER
L w
ith 3
FEL
sN
ovos
ibirs
k ER
L w
ith 3
FEL
s
59
2-nd
sta
ge N
ovos
ibirs
k FE
L (in
hor
izon
tal p
lane
)
30 –
120
µm
5 –
30 µ
m
RF
Cav
ities
60
New
opt
ical
cav
ity
New
und
ulat
or
Old
TH
z FE
L
RF
cavi
ties
61
Layo
ut o
f te
rahe
rtz
FEL
and
user
sta
tions
8253x725=21752090
700 1175 1450
1100
900
900
1100
7171
900
1100
2000
280
%%
c110
100
3000 1175 700
71
2000 %%
c180
235
71
1100
2100
L}5
L}4L}
3
@R@
F@G0
AM@S0
0@R@
F@DR
0@R@
F@GS
@R
@R@
F@G3
@R@
F@G2
@R@
F@G1
@R@
F@G5
@R@
F@G4
@L@
VR@
S0@
L@VR
@S1
@L@
VR@
S2@
L@VR
@S4
@L@
VR@
S6
1@R@
F@DR
AM@S2
SP-1
11
0@R@
FS@
R1
2@R@
F@DR
SP-111A
ЩПР
1-3
IST-
2IS
T-1
}S-0
1200
1300
Pol s
ohran
it[
1150
5450
+15 1150
725
625
680
990 2577
2880
3210
349
1250
800
615
615
kran-b
alki
Zona
OU-5
OU-5
OU-5
User
Sta
tions
(gro
und
and
first
floor
s)Ac
celer
ator
-recu
pera
tor a
nd
Tera
hertz
free
elec
tron
laser
(bas
emen
t leve
l)
RF g
ener
ator
syste
m(g
roun
d flo
or)
Cont
rol r
oom
(gro
und
floor
)Be
amlin
es fo
r ra
diatio
n tra
nspo
rt
BG1st
120
m
6220
0520
06
63
Hig
h av
erag
e po
wer
of
radi
atio
n (u
p t
o 50
0 W
) H
igh
aver
age
pow
er o
f ra
diat
ion
(up
to
500
W)
in c
ombi
natio
n w
ith h
igh
peak
pow
er (
up t
o 1
MW
) in
com
bina
tion
with
hig
h pe
ak p
ower
(up
to
1 M
W)
enab
les
perf
orm
ing
high
pow
er d
ensi
ty e
xper
imen
tsen
able
s pe
rfor
min
g hi
gh p
ower
den
sity
exp
erim
ents
Lase
r bea
m fo
cuse
d in
the
atm
osph
ere
with
a p
arab
olic
mirr
or (f
=1.0
cm
) ig
nite
s a
cont
inuo
us o
ptic
al d
isch
arge
. U
nfoc
used
lase
r bea
m d
rills
an
open
ing
in 5
0-m
m o
rgan
ic g
lass
sla
b w
ithin
th
ree
min
utes
(abl
atio
n w
ithou
t bur
ning
).Th
ese
feno
men
aca
n be
use
d fo
r man
y fu
ndam
enta
l and
app
lied
expe
rimen
ts (p
lasm
a ph
ysic
s, a
erod
ynam
ics,
che
mis
try, m
ater
ial p
roce
ssin
g an
d m
odifi
catio
n, b
iolo
gy…
)
fe
d
cb
a
Con
tinuo
us o
ptic
al d
isch
arge
64
THz
imag
ing
with
an
IR t
herm
ogra
ph
Infra
red
imag
e
Conv
erte
r
Tera
hertz
imag
e
THz
beam
IR-s
ensi
tive
arra
y
IR le
ns
(con
vers
ion
of
radi
atio
n to
3
m)
130
mµ
µ
Con
verte
r of T
Hz
radi
atio
n is
a c
arbo
n pa
per
Tim
e re
solu
tion
is li
mite
d by
ther
mal
rela
xatio
n tim
e (a
bout
1 s
ec fo
r thi
s sc
reen
) C
onve
rters
with
fast
rela
xatio
n tim
e ar
e un
der c
onsi
dera
tion
65TH
z la
ser b
eam
cro
ss-s
ectio
n at
the
beam
line
outp
ut (1
3 m
eter
s fro
m th
e la
ser)
10 c
m
17 cmK
eys
in a
n op
aque
pap
er e
nvel
ope
Imag
e of
6-m
m h
oles
dril
led
in a
met
al p
late
(“FE
L B
INP
”let
ters
)
Diff
ract
ion
patte
rn p
rodu
ced
by tw
o ci
rcul
arap
ertu
res
(d=6
mm
, ∆=1
4 m
m)
10 c
mA
t a d
ista
nce
of 1
08 c
m
17 cm
Liqu
id n
itrog
en c
oole
d 12
4x12
4 th
erm
al r
ecor
der
Liqu
id n
itrog
en c
oole
d 12
4x12
4 th
erm
al r
ecor
der
66
Use
rU
ser
stat
ions
stat
ions
at
at N
ovoF
ELN
ovoF
EL
Intr
osco
pyan
d sp
ectr
osco
pyGas
dyn
amic
s
Met
rolo
gyM
olec
ular
spec
tros
copy
Bio
logy
67
Abl
atio
n of
sto
ne
68
Res
ult o
f Tre
atm
ent o
f Mar
ble
by T
Hz
Rad
iatio
n
69
•Up
to 5
00 W
of
aver
age
pow
er a
t 11
0 –
240
and
40 -
80 m
icro
n w
avel
engt
h ra
nge
is
avai
labl
e fo
r us
ers.
Li
new
idth
is
less
th
an
1%,
max
imum
pea
k po
wer
is a
bout
1 M
W.
•Six
user
sta
tions
are
in o
pera
tion.
•We
are
look
ing
for
mor
e us
ers
for
this
uni
que
radi
atiio
n.
Stat
usSt
atus
70
Com
pact
13.
5C
ompa
ct 1
3.5 --
nm fr
eenm
free
-- ele
ctro
n la
ser f
or e
xtre
me
ultr
avio
let l
ithog
raph
yel
ectr
on la
ser f
or e
xtre
me
ultr
avio
let l
ithog
raph
yY
. Y
. Soc
olS
ocol
, G. N
. , G
. N. K
ulip
anov
Kul
ipan
ov, A
. N.
, A. N
. Mat
veen
koM
atve
enko
, O. A
. , O
. A. S
hevc
henk
oS
hevc
henk
oan
d N
. A.
and
N. A
. V
inok
urov
Vin
okur
ov, F
EL1
0, F
EL1
0
Und
ulat
or
40 m
Inje
ctor
RF2
AB
AB
Boo
ster
Dum
p
RF1
With
10
With
10
-- T
supe
rcon
duct
ing
mag
net
it m
ay
be
used
to
T
supe
rcon
duct
ing
mag
net
it m
ay
be
used
to
ge
nera
te 2
0ge
nera
te 2
0 --fs
fs
per
iodi
cpe
riod
icxx --
ray
puls
es,
whi
ch a
re n
eces
sary
ra
y pu
lses
, w
hich
are
nec
essa
ry
for
time
for
time --
reso
lved
ex
perim
ents
, w
hich
us
e re
solv
ed
expe
rimen
ts,
whi
ch
use
fem
tosl
icin
gfe
mto
slic
ing
tech
niqu
e at
sto
rage
rin
gs n
ow.
But,
the
num
ber
of u
sefu
l te
chni
que
at s
tora
ge r
ings
now
. Bu
t, t
he n
umbe
r of
use
ful
phot
ons
is t
hous
ands
tim
es m
ore.
ph
oton
s is
tho
usan
ds t
imes
mor
e.
71
Poss
ible
use
of
FEL
for
gam
ma
Poss
ible
use
of
FEL
for
gam
ma --
prod
uctio
n (f
or
prod
uctio
n (f
or
ILC
and
nucl
ear
phys
ics)
ILC
and
nucl
ear
phys
ics)
200
MeV
ER
L w
ith F
EL
1.5
GeV
ER
L w
ith C
ompt
on c
avity
Gam
ma
quan
ta