Free,priorandinformedconsent(FPIC):Alocalandglobalconcern

VictoriaTauli-Corpuz,SpecialRapporteurontherightsofindigenouspeoples

27October2016,LakeheadUniversity,Thunderbay,Ontario,Canada

Outline

•  MandateandRoleoftheSpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples

•  LegalbasisofFree,PriorandInformedConsent:LocalandGlobalPerspecPves

•  ArgumentsandPracPcesusedtoundermineFPIC

•  RoadAhead

UNSpecialRapporteurontherightsofindigenouspeoples

•  Createdin2001•  Firstmandateholders:RodolfoStavenhagen(2001-2008),JamesAnaya(2008-2014),VictoriaTauli-Corpuz(2014-2017)

•  Maininstruments– UNDeclaraPonontherightsofindigenouspeoples–  ILOConvenPonNo.169– OtherrelevantUNtreaPes–  Regionalhumanrightsinstruments

Mandate:SpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples(2016)

(a)  ToexaminewaysandmeansofovercomingexisPngobstaclestothefullandeffecPveprotecPonoftherightsofindigenouspeoples,andtoidenPfy,exchangeandpromotebestpracPces;

(b)  Togather,request,receiveandexchangeinformaPonandcommunicaPonsfromallrelevantsources,includingGovernments,

Mandate:SpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples

indigenouspeoplesandtheircommuniPesandorganizaPons,onallegedviolaPonsoftherightsofindigenouspeoples

(c)ToformulaterecommendaPonsandproposalsonappropriatemeasuresandacPviPestopreventandremedyviolaPonsoftherightsofindigenouspeoples

SpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples

(d)ToworkinclosecooperaPonandcoordinaPonwithotherspecialproceduresandsubsidiaryorgansoftheCouncil,inparPcularwiththeExpertMechanismontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples,relevantUnitedNaPonsbodies,thetreatybodies,andregionalhumanrightsorganizaPons;

MandateoftheSpecialRapporteur(e) ToenhanceengagementwithandtoparPcipateintheannualsessionsofthePermanentForumonIndigenousIssuesandoftheExpertMechanismontheRightsofIndigenousPeoplestoensurecomplementaritybetweentheirwork;(f) TodeveloparegularcooperaPvedialoguewithallrelevantactors,includingGovernments,relevantUnitedNaPonsbodies,specializedagenciesandprogrammes,aswellasindigenouspeoples,naPonalhumanrightsinsPtuPons,non-governmentalorganizaPonsandotherregionalorsubregionalinternaPonalinsPtuPons,includingonpossibiliPesfortechnicalcooperaPonattherequestofGovernments;(g) TopromotetheUnitedNaPonsDeclaraPonontheRightsofIndigenousPeoplesandinternaPonalinstrumentsrelevanttotheadvancementoftherightsofindigenouspeoples,whereappropriate;

MANDATE:UNSpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenouspeoples

(h) Topayspeciala^enPontothehumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsofindigenouschildrenandwomen,andtotakeintoaccountagenderperspecPveintheperformanceofhis/hermandate;(i) ToconsiderrelevantrecommendaPonsoftheworldconferences,summitsandotherUnitedNaPonsmeePngs,aswellastherecommendaPons,observaPonsandconclusionsofthetreatybodiesonma^ersregardinghis/hermandate;(j) TosubmitareportontheimplementaPonofthemandatetotheCouncilandtotheGeneralAssemblyinaccordancewiththeirannualprogrammeofwork;

SpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples

•  CommunicaPons•  CountryVisits–Paraguay,Honduras,Brazil,Finland/Sweden/Norway(Sapmi)

•  ThemaPcStudies-indigenouswomenandgirls;investments;conservaPon

•  ParPcipaPoninotherUNprocessesandevents

•  BusinessandHumanRightsprocesses

Norm-se)ngprocessesandestablishmentofspacesintheUN•  1989ILOConvenPonNo.169onIndigenousandTribal

Peoples(succeededILOConvenPon107,1957)•  UNDeclaraPonontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples

(1985-2007)–WorkingGrouponIndigenousPopulaPons

•  WorldConferenceonIndigenousPeoplesOutcomeDocument(22-23September2014)

•  UNPermanentForumonIndigenous(2001)•  UNSpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenous

Peoples(2001)•  UNExpertMechanismontheRightsofIndigenous

Peoples(2007)

LegalbasisofFree,PriorandInformedConsent

Self-Determina9onbasednorma9veframeworkofindigenouspeoplesrights.UNDeclara9onontheRightsofIndigenousPeoplesArPcle3–Indigenouspeopleshavetherighttoself-determinaPon.ByvirtueofthisrighttheyfreelydeterminetheirpoliPcalstatusandfreelypursuetheireconomic,socialandculturalArt.26–righttoown,manage,controllands,territoriesandresourceswhichtheytradiPonallyown,occupiedorotherwiseacquired,

LegalbasisofFree,PriorandInformedConsent

UNDeclara9onontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples§  Art.10–incaseofrelocaPon§  Art.11–redressthrougheffecPvemechanisms,withrespecttotheircultural,intellectual,religiousandspiritualpropertytakenwithouttheirfree,priorandinformedconsentorinviolaPonoftheirlaws,tradiPonsandcustoms.

§  Art.19–whenStatesadoptlegislaPveoradministraPvemeasuresthataffectindigenouspeoples

LegalbasisofFree,PriorandInformedConsent

§  Art.28–righttoredress,forthelands,territoriesandresourceswhichhavebeenconfiscated,taken,occupied,usedordamagedwithouttheirfree,priorandinformedconsent.

§  Art.29–disposalofhazardouswastesinindigenouspeoples'territories

§  Art.32–consultandcooperateingoodfaithpriortoapprovalofanyprojectaffecPngindigenouslands,territoriesandresources,parPcularlyexploitaPonofmineral,waterorotherresources

ArgumentsusedtochallengeFPIC

§  Publicinterest§  Commongood§  NaPonalDevelopmentObjecPves§  FPICandinclusiveandexclusivedemocracy§  Statesovereignty§  Eminentdomain§  Subsoilrights

Challenges;

•  ImplementaPongapinimplementaPonoftheUNDeclaraPonontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples,ILOConvenPonNo.169andCourtdecisions

•  Lowlevelofawarenessofgovernmentofficialsandthedominantsocietyonindigenouspeoples’situaPonsandrights

•  InadequatecapaciPesofindigenouspeoplestoassertandclaimtheirrights.

•  Persistenceofracistanddiscriminatorylawsandpoliciesagainstindigenouspeoples

Challenges;

•  NeedtobuildfurthercapaciPesofindigenouspeoplestoreadanduserecommendaPonsofSRtopursuefurtherimplementaPonofUNDeclaraPonandILOConvenPonNo.169.

•  MoreacPveandeffecPveuseoftheWorldConferenceonIndigenousPeoples(WCIP)OutcomeDocumentforbe^erprotecPonandfulfilmentofrights.

•  SustainedmonitoringandreporPngofhowrightsofindigenouspeoplesareprotected,respectedandfulfilled

OpportuniPes;

•  IncreasingevidencesonandrecogniPonofposiPvecontribuPonsofindigenouspeoplestoachievingecologicalbalance,sustainabledevelopmentandculturaldiversity.

•  MorepoliciesonindigenouspeoplesmadebyUNagenciesandprograms(UNDP,IFAD,FAO,WB,ADB,etc.)

•  Theneedtoobtainfree,priorandinformedconsentofindigenouspeoplesbecominganormaPvestandard.

OpportuniPes;

•  IndigenouspeoplespukngpriorityinstrengtheningtheircommuniPes,pracPcingtheirindigenousvaluesandimplemenPngtheirself-determineddevelopment.

•  SpecialRapporteur’sincreasingengagementanddialogueswithgovernments,UNandothermulPlateralbodiesandindigenouspeoplesforawarenessraisingandcapacitybuilding.

•  ReportsofpreviousSRsandpresentSRusedasreferencesindevelopmentofcourtdecisions,policiesandprograms.

DakkelayIyaman!Thankyou!

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•  Website:www.unsr.vtaulicorpuz.org•  Email;unsr@vtaulicorpuz.org,indigenous@ohchr.org

•  Twi^er:#vtaulicorpuzAddress:1RomanAysonRoad,BaguioCityPhilippines,2600