freedom now section 17.2 young blacks protest jim crow via sit-in at a lunch counter
TRANSCRIPT
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Freedom Now
Section 17.2
Young blacks protest Jim Crow via sit-in at a lunch counter
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Review• 1865- New Const.
Amendments• 1877- End of
Reconstruction• 1896- Plessy v
Ferguson• 1945/53- Truman
Administration• 1954- Brown v
Board of Ed.• 1957- Little Rock
Nine
White high school students demonstrate against integrated schools
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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) legalized segregation. If you were black, living in Montgomery
Alabama in 1955, you could be forced to give up seat on a bus for a white person.
Rosa Parks, after winning her point, sits in the front of the bus.
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How might you change the injustice of segregation?
• Use violence• Retaliations likely• Doesn’t change people’s ‘heart’• Ignore the law• May get arrested• More dignified• Bring a lawsuit (Brown v Board of Education)• Legal victory • Did not really change things• Boycott• Refuse to ride the bus
– Hits them where it hurts ($)
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Today we will identify how blacks, led by Martin Luther King, used their economic power
through boycotts and sit-ins, to fight the oppression of the White South.
Cartoon shows black man waving off a bus: “Uh, uh…I’m not going your way.”
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Who was Rosa Parks?
• 43 year-old respected black woman who was the former local secretary for the NAACP in Montgomery, Alabama.
• Riding bus home from work one day during the busy Christmas season.
• Refused to give her seat up for a white man.
• She was arrested.
Above: another picture of Rosa sitting up front; below: Rosa Parks being fingerprinted after arrest
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Why do you think Rosa’s arrest drew so much attention?
• Dignified, Soft Spoken, Likable
• A Woman
– Idea of a woman being forced to give up seat to a man seemed abhorrent
• Hard to find any fault with her
• Agreed to take case all the way (to Supreme Ct.)
Rosa and attorney walk up steps to court
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How did Civil Rights Leaders react to Rosa’s arrest?
• Organized Montgomery Bus Boycott
– Refused to buy or use services
– Blacks made up 60% of bus riders
• Bus co. lost 40 thousand riders per day
• Dr. Martin Luther King (the Leader)
– “historians will have to pause and say there lived a great people-a black people who injected a new meaning and dignity into the veins of civilization.”
• Montgomery blacks used cabs, station wagons
• Wagons called ‘rolling churches’
• Insured by Lloyds of London
• Lasted nearly 400 days
• Supreme Court ruled bus segregation unconstitutional
Above: blacks pile into a cab; below: boarding bus after strike’s end
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Parks Arrested
Capture: that colonial flag again…
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Who were Dr. Martin Luther King and the SCLC?
• Young, charismatic, well-educated
• Held doctorate in theology
• Created the SCLC- Southern Christian Leadership Conference
– Organization of 60 ministers to direct the movement
• Held workshops on passive resistance
– How to protect oneself?
– Spat on, jeered
• MLK was influenced by:
– Thoreau- Civil Disobedience
– Gandhi
Above: King in front of SCLC building; below: King marches with other civil rights leaders
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What are Sit-ins?• 4 freshmen in Greensboro, NC
sat at all-white lunch counter and refused to move until served
• Brought 27 students the next day• 300 by day 5• Sat in shifts• Sales dropped 33%• Finally served 6 months later• Started a “Grass Roots”
Movement.• 1960, 2,000 students sit-ins
– Read-ins, wade-ins (at beaches), kneel-ins (at churches)
Above: liquids poured on students at Greensboro lunch counter; below: one of the many copycat demonstrations
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Describe the tactics of the SNCC:• Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee • Young whites and blacks who followed
King’s passive resistance ideology– Pronounced ‘Snick’
• “Jail, not bail”– SNCC members refused to have bail
posted• Why?
– Bail’s costly– Placed the cost of feeding, sheltering
protesters on the police and local officials
– Gave them moral high ground
Above: SNCC logo of a black and white hand shake; below: protestors allow themselves to be arrested
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Urban scene, 1960s, from Peter Jennings documentary