"freedom of british india through the lens of the khaskar movement" (full version)by nasim yousaf

8/10/2019 "Freedom of British India Through the Lens of the Khaskar Movement" (Full Version)by Nasim Yousaf

1/28

Crddjif ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` tkriuok tkd

Mdes ic tkd Gk`sg`r Fivdfdet

@lstràt

Kbstirba`mmy, tkd mbldr`tbie ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` be 02:? k`s ldde prbf`rbmy ardjbtdj ti tkd @mm-

Bejb` Fusmbf Mdòud èj tkd Bejbè E`tbie`m Aieordss, wki wdrd bevimvdj be tkd edoitb`tbies

cir p`rtbtbie wbtk tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet. Ly aietr`st, tkbs `rtbamd cimmiws tkd dvdets md`jbeo up

ti tkd crddjif ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` `s sdde tkriuok tkd mdes ic @mm`f` F`skr`qb èj kbs Gk`gs`r

Fivdfdet. Bt dx`fbeds tkd or`ssriits dccirts ic F`skr`qb èj tkd Gk`gs`rs ti filbmbzd tkd

Bejbè e`tbie tiw`rjs crddjif `s wdmm `s tkd Oivdrefdets `ttdfpts ti arusk tkd Fivdfdet.

Tmtbf`tdmy, tkd `rtbamd aieamujds tk`t tkd trud mbldr`tbie ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` w`s eit fdrdmy tkd rdsumt

ic edoitb`tbies ir jr`wbeo riif pimbtbas, lut r`tkdr è iutaifd ic tkd aietbeudj rdsbstèad ic

tkd Gk`gs`rs èj itkdr pimbtba`m p`rtbds.


2/28

Crddjif ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` tkriuok tkd

Mdes ic tkd Gk`sg`r FivdfdetLy E`sbf Rius`c

Zkbs `rtbamd dx`fbeds tkd rimd ic @mm`f` F`skr`qb èj kbs Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet be tkd

crddjif ic Lrbtbsk Bejb`. Zkd tipba k`s tkus c`r ldde m`rodmy boeirdj ly kbstirbès be Bejb` èj

X`gbstè èj tkdrdcird iccdrs ` crdsk mdes wbtk wkbak ti è`myzd tkd mbldr`tbie ic tkd Bejbè

e`tbie crif Lrbtbsk rumd be 02:?. Ardjbt cir crddjif k`s tkus c`r ldde prbf`rbmy `ttrblutdj ti tkd

@mm-Bejb` Fusmbf Mdòud (@BFM) èj tkd Bejbè E`tbie`m Aieordss (BEA), wki k`j ldde

deoòdj be tkd edoitb`tbies cir p`rtbtbie wbtk tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet. B `roud, kiwdvdr, tk`t

fird si tkè tkd pimbtba`m edoitb`tbies - tkd trud ciuej`tbie cir crddjif w`s f`jd pissblmd ly

tkd aietbeudj rdsbstèad ic @mm`f` F`skr`qb èj kbs Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg (`mieo wbtk itkdr pimbtba`m

p`rtbds èj prdssurd oriups). Zkdrdcird, tkbs `rtbamd ldobes wbtk F`skr`qbs d`rmy a`rddr èj

è`myzds tkd dvdets md`jbeo up ti tkd mbldr`tbie ic Bejb` be 02:? ti skiw tk`t tkd Lrbtbsk jdabsbie

ti trèscdr piwdr wiumj eit k`vd ldde pissblmd wbtkiut tkd betdesd prdssurd `ppmbdj upie tkd

Oivdrefdet ly F`skr`qb.

F`skr`qbs D`rmy Rd`rs èj tkd Jdvdmipbeo \bct wbtk tkd

Oivdrefdet

Be`y`tumm`k Gkè, ir @mm`f` F`skr`qb (Qakim`r ic tkd D`st) `s kd w`s fird aiffiemy

geiwe, w`s lire beti ` wdmm-ti-ji c`fbmy be Bejb` èj djua`tdj `t Akrbsts Aimmdod, Tebvdrsbty

ic A`flrbjod (Deomèj). Kd st`rtdj kbs a`rddr be 0201 `s Sbad Xrbeabp`m ic Bsm`fb` Aimmdod be

Xdsk`w`r. F`skr`qb qubagmy o`bedj pipum`rbty be tkbs pisbtbie èj siie lda`fd Xrbeabp`m. M`tdr,

kd w`s `ppibetdj `s Tejdr Qdardt`ry ic Djua`tbie cir tkd Oivdrefdet ic Lrbtbsk Bejb`. @s

Tejdr Qdardt`ry, F`skr`qbs rdm`tbieskbp wbtk tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet jdtdrbir`tdj ie pimbay

f`ttdrs. Aiesdqudetmy, tkd Oivdrefdet rdmdo`tdj kbf ti ` mdssdr pisbtbie `s Kd`jf`stdr ic


3/28

Oivdrefdet Kbok Qakiim be Xdsk`w`r. _kbmd F`skr`qbs oiijwbmm wbtkbe tkd Lrbtbsk

Oivdrefdet w`s jdambebeo, kbs pipum`rbty `fieo tkd pdipmd ic Xdsk`w`r rdf`bedj strieo.

Be 02


4/28

pdipmd ic tkd Bejbè sulaietbedet crif tkd amutakds ic cirdboe yigd èj aievdrt kbs e`tbie beti `

rumbeo piwdr.

F`skr`qb jdvitdj fèy yd`rs filbmbzbeo pdipmd èj sprd`jbeo tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg,

beauma`tbeo be kbs cimmiwdrs ` aiffbtfdet ti strbat jbsabpmbed, aiffuebty sdrvbad, jdvitbie ti tkd

aùsd, èj mivd cir `mm. F`skr`qb p`rtbaum`rmy m`bj dfpk`sbs ie ak`ràtdr lubmjbeo, `s kd

rdaioebzdj tk`t ied ic tkd f`nir jiwec`mms ic èy e`tbie bs ` màg ic ak`ràtdr. Zi kbf, ei e`tbie

aiumj dvdr ldaifd ` rumbeo piwdr uemdss bt pissdssdj strieo ak`ràtdr. F`skr`qbs `bf èj

ilndatbvds `ppd`mdj ti tkd Bejbès (beamujbeo eie-Fusmbfs) èj uejdr kbs md`jdrskbp, tkd

Fivdfdet qubagmy o`bedj fifdetuf.

Cddmbeo tkrd`tdedj ly tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrddgs pimbtba`m `flbtbies èj beard`sbeo

pipum`rbty, tkd Oivdrefdet ic E_CX w`s tkd cbrst ic tkd Xrivbeab`m Oivdrefdets ti bfpisd

rdstrbatbies ò`best tkd Gk`gs`rs (ie Iatildr 04, 021


5/28

Fivdfdet ly O. @kfdj, Nèu`ry 04, 0212, p. 03). Tpsdt ly tkbs rumbeo, F`skr`qb pritdstdj,

lut tkd lè rdf`bedj betàt. F`skr`qb jdabjdj ti obvd tkd Oivdrefdet sifd tbfd ti rdaiesbjdr

bts jdabsbie, lut tkdy stbmm rdcusdj ti rdfivd tkd lè. @ctdr w`btbeo ` sboebcbaèt `fiuet ic tbfd,

be Numy 021?, F`skr`qb cbe`mmy sdt ` jd`jmbed ic @uoust 04, 021? (@X@A, BIM FQQ DT\ C

030/03:, Eitd ie tkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet ly O. @kfdj, Nèu`ry 04, 0212, p. 037Eitd ie tkd

Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet 02:8, prdp`rdj ly M.S. Jdèd, p. 01) cir tkd Oivdrefdet ti rdfivd tkd

rdstrbatbies ie kbf. Itkdrwbsd, kd wiumj jbsrdo`rj tkd lè èj aifd ti E_CX.

Ie @uoust 01, 021?, ` Gk`gs`r jdmdo`tbie fdt wbtk tkd Xrdfbdr èj aievdydj

F`skr`qbs fdssòd. @ cdw j`ys m`tdr, ie @uoust


6/28

`ej jifbe`tdj tkd cbdmj... (Fuk`ff`j 02?1, S). @aairjbeo ti tkd D`stdre Zbfds(M`kird) ic

Eivdfldr 0, 02:


7/28

Zkd Lrbtbsk trumy a`fd ti rd`mbzd tkd strdeotk ic tkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet be 0212. Be tkbs

yd`r, tkd Gk`gs`rs ak`mmdeodjtkd Oivdrefdet ic Tebtdj Xrivbeads (T.X.) ùtkirbty cir c`bmbeo

ti aietrim tkd ieoibeo Qkb`-Queeb rbits be Muageiw (Tebtdj Xrivbeads, Bejb`). F`skr`qb tkde

wdet ti Muageiw kbfsdmc èj sdttmdj tkd bssud (tkiuok ètb-Gk`gs`r dmdfdets jdebdj tkbs). Zkbs

w`s è dfl`rr`ssfdet cir tkd Oivdrefdet èj tkdy pdradbvdj bt ti ld è betdrvdetbie beti tkdbr

`cc`brs. Zkd Oivdrefdet `rrdstdj F`skr`qb ie Qdptdfldr 80, 0212 (Rius`c


8/28

Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg ly `eeiueabeo tk`t tkdy wiumj ld derimmbeo


9/28

wki w`s be Jdmkb `t tkd tbfd, w`s `rrdstdj `t ebokt `s wdmm èj t`gde ti Sdmmird N`bm be F`jr`s.

Curtkdrfird, ie tkd vdry j`y ic tkd f`ssàrd, tkd Oivdreir ic Xuen`l sdet tdmdor`fs ti tkd

Qdardt`ry ic Qt`td ic Bejb` be Miejie, tkd Oivdreir Odedr`m/Sbadriy ic Bejb`, èj tkd Oivdreirs

ic tkd Eirtk _dst Crietbdr Xrivbead, Qbej, èj Tebtdj Xrivbeads becirfbeo tkdf ic tkd Gk`gs`r-

Ximbad am`sk be M`kird (@X@A, BIM FQQ DT\ C0


10/28

Oivdrefdet w`s sk`gde ly tkd Gk`gs`r aiecriet`tbie `ej tkd Oivdrefdet `oordssbvdmy siuokt

ti dmbfbe`td tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg.

Ie F`y


11/28

wkbak wiumj rdsumt be kbs smiw jd`tk. _kde tkbs edws w`s rdvd`mdj, tkd Gk`gs`rs wdrd kbokmy

pdrturldj (@gkt`r


12/28

Zkd Oivdrefdet trbdj ti gddp tkd edws ic F`skr`qbs c`st ` sdardt, lut bt w`set mieo

ldcird wirj rdàkdj tkd pulmba. Bfpirtèt Kbeju md`jdrs L. Q`fl`furtkb (dx-Qpd`gdr ic tkd

F`jr`s mdobsm`turd), Jr. X`tt`lkb Qbt`r`f`yy`, èj O`jjd \èob`k E`bju (Fdfldr Mdobsm`tbvd

@ssdflmy) - wki k`j `msi ldde uejdr jdtdetbie wbtk F`skr`qb - md`gdj tkd edws ic kbs c`st upie

tkdbr rdmd`sd be Eivdfldr, 02:0 (J`we WJdmkb, Bejb`V, Eivdfldr


13/28

Bejddj bt sddfdj tk`t ei `fiuet ic Oivdrefdet prdssurd aiumj stip tkd Gk`gs`r

Fivdfdet. Zkd Oivdrefdet gedw tk`t tkdy aiumj eit gddp F`skr`qb be n`bm cirdvdr, `s kd k`j

edvdr dvde ldde trbdj be ` aiurt ic m`w. Zkd Oivdrefdet, jdspbtd tkdbr ldst dccirts, k`j ldde

ue`lmd ti lrbeo èy ak`rods ò`best kbf. Zkus, F`skr`qb, tkriuok skddr wbmm èj jdtdrfbe`tbie,

lriuokt tkd Oivdrefdet ti ` pibet wkdrd tkdy aiumj ei mieodr gddp kbf aiecbedj èj wdrd

ciradj ti rdmd`sd kbf. Kiwdvdr, kbs fivdfdets rdf`bedj rdstrbatdj ti tkd F`jr`s Xrdsbjdeay.

F`skr`qb cbe`mmy dfdrodj crif simbt`ry aiecbedfdet ie Nèu`ry 02, 02:0 (`ctdr c`stbeo be

pritdst cir ;8 j`ys). _kbmd uejdr jdtdetbie, F`skr`qb k`j ldde tirturdj èj fèkèjmdj.

Curtkdr, kbs pdesbie k`j ldde wbtkkdmj èj kbs c`fbmy èj cimmiwdrs k`j ldde l`rrdj crif

vbsbtbeo kbf. Kd k`j dvde ldde ciradj ti p`y cir kbs dxpdesds be n`bm (Rius`c


14/28

Arbpps pripis`ms. Zkd @mm-Bejb` Fusmbf Mdòud èj Bejbè E`tbie`m Aieordss m`tdr jbj tkd

s`fd.

F`skr`qb, wki k`j `mw`ys `jvia`tdj Fusmbf-Kbeju uebty, w`s deaiuròdj ly tkd itkdr

p`rtbds rdcus`m ic Arbpps iccdr. Kd sdet ` tdmdor`f (ie @prbm 00, 02:


15/28

aieadre rdo`rjbeo tkd pissblbmbty tk`t tkd @mm-Bejb` Fusmbf Mdòud fbokt t`gd ie ` fird

ldmmbodrdet pimbay tiw`rj tkd Oivdrefdet be tkd cuturd `s wdmm. Kd curtkdr st`tdj tk`t tkd Fusmbf

Mdòud fbokt cbej ` piwdrcum bestrufdet, suak `s tkd Gk`gs`rsrd`jy ti bts kèj, be wkbak

a`sd tkd Oivdrefdet wbmm càd ` fist jèodrius pisbtbie. Kd strdssdj tk`t tkbs w`s ` rd`m

jèodr èj skiumj ld fiebtirdj amisdmy (@X@A, BIM M/X&N/;/3;8, p. 02).

Xrbir ti tkd Sbadriys mdttdr (ic Numy 02:1), F`skr`qb k`j `mrd`jy ldde w`redj ti stip tkd

Gk`gs`r àtbvbtbds. Ie Numy 02, 02:1, kd rdadbvdj èitkdr w`rebeo crif tkd Oivdrefdet ic Bejb`

ti stip tkd Gk`gs`r a`fps, jrbmms, èj itkdr àtbvbtbds. Edvdrtkdmdss, tkd Gk`gs`rs aietbeudj tkdbr

àtbvbtbds, wbtk tkd dxadptbie ic pdrcirfbeo jrbmms èj wd`rbeo uebcirfs (be irjdr ti abraufvdet

tkd lè ie tkd Fivdfdet).

Ie Qdptdfldr 0


16/28

jbccdrdeads. Tecirtue`tdmy, Fusmbf èj Kbeju md`jdrs c`bmdj ti rd`mbzd tkd bfpirtèad ic uebty -

cir wkbak F`skr`qb pmd`jdj wbtk cimjdj kèjs be kbs mdttdrs ti Pu`bj-d-@z`f èj F`k`tf`

Oèjkb;- be uejibeo tkd jdsboes ic tkd bfpdrb`mbsts. Tmtbf`tdmy, tkd md`jdrs wiumj edvdr rdsimvd

tkdbr jbccdrdeads, `s ètb-uebcba`tbie cirads `fieo tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet, Fusmbf Mdòud èj

Aieordss `mw`ys nufpdj be ti ndip`rjbzd F`skr`qbs dccirts.

Be 02:4, F`skr`qb f`jd èitkdr dccirt ti lrbeo uebty èj crddjif ti tkd Bejbès èj

prdvdet tkd p`rtbtbie ic Bejb`> kd cr`fdj Zkd Aiestbtutbieic Crdd Bejb` 02:3 @.A. (`msi geiwe

`s tkd Gk`gs`r Aiestbtutbie). F`skr`qb cdmt tk`t jbvbjbeo Bejb` wiumj k`vd fèy sdrbius

rdpdraussbies. Be irjdr ti àkbdvd uebty èj s`tbscàtbie cir `mm aiffuebtbds, tkd Gk`gs`r

Aiestbtutbieprivbjdj cir tkd pritdatbie ic rbokts cir `mm> Fusmbfs, Kbejus, X`rsdds, Akrbstbès,

Ndws, sakdjumdj a`stds, dta. Kiwdvdr, tkdsd dccirts ie tkd p`rt ic F`skr`qb ti uebtd tkd Bejbès

wdrd ò`be tkw`rtdj ly dmdfdets tk`t wbskdj ti prdvdet tkd k`rfiey èj simbj`rbty ic tkd

Bejbès. Zkus, tkd Bejbè md`jdrs rdf`bedj jbvbjdj.

Zkd be`lbmbty ic tkd @BFM èj Aieordss md`jdrskbp ti rdsimvd tkdbr jbccdrdeads `t tkbs

aruab`m nueaturd w`s beaifprdkdesblmd cir F`skr`qb èj tkd Gk`gs`rs. Edvdrtkdmdss, tkdy

rdaioebzdj tk`t tkd prdssurd ie tkd Oivdrefdet k`j ti ld f`bet`bedj. Zkdy gedw tk`t ` strieo,

cbe`m pusk cir crddjif w`s eddjdj be irjdr ti mbldr`td tkd e`tbie crif Lrbtbsk rumd iead èj cir

`mm. Qi, F`skr`qb tiig ` sdrbds ic stdps ti curtkdr betdesbcy prdssurd ie tkd Oivdrefdet èj md`vd

tkdf wbtk ei akibad lut ti orèt crddjif ti tkd e`tbie.

Ie F`y


17/28

Bc Fr. Nbee`k òrdds B sk`mm tkriw tkd wkimd cirad beti tkd f`ttdr

uestbetdjmy èj dvdry Gk`gs`r wbmm ld rd`jy ti m`y jiwe kbs mbcd cir tkd aùsd ic tkd

aiuetry (Crdd Xrdss Niure`m, F`y


18/28


19/28

smboktdst syfp`tky wbtk tkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet ti aifd cirw`rj, èj stip tkbs

wkimds`md smùoktdr ly iccdrbeo kbs mbcd èj cirad ic kbs ak`ràtdrDvdry Gk`gs`r

wbmm ld rd`jy ti jbd bc Kbejus èj Fusmbfs ldobe ti cbokt èywkdrd. @mm

edwsp`pdrs wbmm ld jdstriydj pulmbamy bc tkdy pulmbsk edws ic Kbeju-Fusmbf rbits.

Akbmjrde skiumj sbeo pidfs prifptbeo Kbeju Fusmbf uebty. Fusmbf èj Kbeju

Gk`gs`rs skiumj f`rak sbjd ly sbjd wbtk tkdbr ldmak`s èj skiumj priam`bf tk`t

tkdy k`vd wirgdj cir sbxtdde yd`rs tiodtkdr èj stèj `s fieufdets ic Kbeju-

Fusmbf uebty. Aieordss èj Fusmbf Mdòud skiumj ld dqu`mmy jdeiueadj bc

jdeiueadj `t `mm. Fy aievbatbie bs tk`t iemy Gk`gs`rs aè `vdrt suak ` jbs`stdr be

Bejb` (Kuss`be 0220,


20/28

Odedr`m Q.J. Gkè (ic tkd Bejbè E`tbie`m @rfy) èj Aim. Bksè P`jbr be 02:3 - amd`rmy

bmmustr`td tk`t prdp`r`tbies wdrd wdmm uejdrw`y ly tkbs pibet. Be rdspiesd, tkd Oivdrefdet

`ttdfptdj ti t`gd jdspdr`td prdvdet`tbvd fd`surds ly `rrdstbeo Gk`gs`rs, lut tkd fifdetuf ic

tkd crddjif fivdfdet k`j eiw ldaifd c`r tii ord`t. _btk tkd tkrd`t ic ` rdvimt `t kèj, tkd

Lrbtbsk cbe`mmy a`fd ti rd`mbzd tk`t tbfd k`j rue iut ie tkdbr j`ys ic rumd be Bejb`. Zkd stòd w`s

eiw sdt cir tkd trèscdr ic piwdr ti tkd Bejbès. Zkus, bt w`s eit jr`wbeo riif pimbtbas, lut

r`tkdr tkd aietbeudj rdsbstèad ic tkd Gk`gs`rs èj itkdrs èj tkd tkrd`t ic ` lmiijy rdvimt tk`t

umtbf`tdmy aifpdmmdj tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet ti surrdejdr tkdbr rumd be Bejb`.

Ie Cdlru`ry


21/28

;8,888 Gk`gs`rs stbmm f`e`odj ti o`tkdr be Jdmkb, `s w`s rdpirtdj be tkd Xrdss (J`we WJdmkb,

Bejb`V, Numy


22/28

Ldeo`m wdrd p`rtbtbiedj èj ` truea`tdj X`gbstè w`s dst`lmbskdj. Zkus twi aiuetrbds, Bejb` èj

X`gbstè, dfdrodj be tkd fbjst ic ` lmiijy p`rtbtbie be @uoust, 02:?. Zkd Fusmbfs mist tkdbr

kdrbtòd `mieo wbtk tkd aiuetry tk`t w`s iead rumdj ly tkdbr èadstirs. Zkbs jbstrdssdj èj

jbs`ppibetdj e`tbie`mbst Fusmbfs. Zkdrd wdrd admdlr`tbies, lut `t tkd s`fd tbfd tkdrd wdrd `msi

pdipmd `fieo Fusmbfs èj eie-Fusmbfs wki wdpt lbttdrmy upie tkd jbvbsbie ic Bejb`. Zkd sbxty

pdradet ic Fusmbfs wki jbj eit aifd ti X`gbstè wdrd s`jjdedj ly tkd p`rtbtbiebeo ic tkdbr

kifdmèj èj tkdy orbdvdj tkd f`ssbvd gbmmbeos ic mivdj ieds p`rtbeo crif tkdbr c`fbmbds.

@mm`f` F`skr`qb p`ssdj `w`y ie @uoust


23/28

Zkd Gk`gs`rs tiig tkdbr md`j crif F`skr`qb, wki rdf`bedj dtdre`mmy jdvitdj ti tkd

aùsd, jdspbtd k`vbeo ti dejurd succdrbeos tk`t wdrd uetkbeg`lmd cir fist itkdr md`jdrs ic kbs

tbfd. Crif 0218 ti tkd ard`tbie ic X`gbstè, F`skr`qb w`s `rrdstdj `liut ` k`mc jizde tbfds, be

`jjbtbie ti k`vbeo rdstrbatbies pmàdj ie kbs fivdfdets. Kd w`s trd`tdj uenustmy èj bekufèmy.

Kbs ldmivdj sie, Dksèumm`k Gkè @sm`f, w`s furjdrdj èj kbs itkdr sies wdrd `rrdstdj. Kd

w`s ak`sdj ly betdmmbodead òdeabds èj w`redj ic sdvdrd rdpdraussbies, kbs c`fbmy fdfldrs

wdrd betbfbj`tdj, èj kbs pdesbie èj lèg àaiuets wdrd crizde. Dvde kbs cimmiwdrs wdrd

ld`tde (be pulmba ir be n`bm), `rrdstdj, ir gbmmdj. Zkriuok bt `mm, F`skr`qb edvdr surrdejdrdj ti tkd

wr`tk ic tkd ùtkirbtbds ir itkdr ètb-Gk`gs`r dmdfdets.

Zkd Oivdrefdet ic Lrbtbsk Bejb`, wbtk `mm tkdbr fbokt èj rdsiurads, aiumj eit arusk tkd

fivdfdet. Zkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet strdeotkdedj tkd pulmbas rdsimvd ti rbsd ò`best tkd bfpdrb`m

piwdr. Zkdbr àtbvbtbds gdpt tkd f`ssds ciausdj ie bejdpdejdead èj sdet ` jbrdat umtbf`tuf ti

tkd Lrbtbsk ti md`vd Bejb`. Curtkdrfird, tkdbr dccirts edvdr wdet ueeitbadj ly ùtkirbtbds `mm tkd

w`y up ti tkd Qdardt`ry ic Qt`td cir Bejb` be Miejie, wki ilvbiusmy rdpirtdj f`ttdrs ti tkd

Xrbfd Fbebstdr ic Ord`t Lrbt`be. Kbstirba`m jiaufdets `rd wbtedss ti tkd càt tk`t tkd Gk`gs`r

rdsbstèad ò`best tkd Lrbtbsk w`s ied ic tkd


24/28

Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg. _ky9 Zkdy k`vd boeirdj F`skr`qb ldaùsd kd ciuokt cir ` uebtdj Bejb` èj

aiesbjdrdj p`rtbtbie ie tkd l`sbs ic ` twi-e`tbie tkdiry ti ld è bfpràtba`m bjd`. F`skr`qb

ldmbdvdj tk`t bt w`s eit rbokt ti usd Bsm`f ir aiffue`mbsf ti jbvbjd Bejb`, è bssud ivdr wkbak

kd k`j pimbtba`m jbccdrdeads wbtk Pu`bj-d-@z`f. Qi, F`skr`qbs rimd bs boeirdj be irjdr ti `vibj

èy arbtbabsf ò`best Pu`bj-d-@z`f ir tkd @mm-Bejb` Fusmbf Mdòud. Curtkdrfird, pri-Mdòudrs

ji eit wbsk ti àgeiwmdjod tk`t tkd Fusmbf Mdòuds dfdrodead `s tkd pipum`r p`rty w`s

mbegdj ti tkd lèebeo ic tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg (` càt tk`t bs òrddj upie ly uelb`sdj kbstirbès).

Zkbs bs curtkdr dvbjdeadj ly Quebm Akèjdrs `rtbamd (pulmbskdj be ` sakim`rmy niure`m) be wkbak

kd writd tk`t tkd Gk`gs`rs aietrblutdj bejbrdatmy ti tkd dfdrodead ic tkd Fusmbf Mdòud `s `

pipum`r p`rty (Akèjdr 02;?, 183). Bejbè kbstirbès `vibj jbsaussbie ie kbf ldaùsd, ti tkdf,

F`skr`qbs Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet w`s fdèt ti lrbeo Fusmbf rumd be Bejb`, jdspbtd tkd càt tk`t

F`skr`qb strbvdj cir Kbeju Fusmbf-uebty èj mivd èj sdrvbad ti `mm. Zkd `cirdfdetbiedj

rd`sies kdmp ti dxpm`be wky tkd dxtdesbvd Gk`gs`r f`tdrb`ms (crif 0218-0231) k`vd eit ldde

f`jd `v`bm`lmd be mblr`rbds èj rdsd`rak ie F`skr`qb k`s ldde jbsaiuròdj.0 @guw`t (ir lritkdrkiij). Zkd 04

pibets jdardd tk`t kd bssudj be 021? curtkdr spd`gs ic kbs bjdimioy>

_d, Gk`gs`rs, stèj cir tkd dst`lmbskfdet ic è irjdr tk`t wbmm ld dqu`m, eie-aiffue`m

èj timdrèt, ydt eie-sulsdrvbdet, ly tkd aruskbeo ic `mm aiffue`m sdetbfdet èj rdmbobius

prdnujbads ic fègbej ly iur oiij èj sdrvbadcum aiejuat7 è irjdr wkbak wbmm `ccirj pripdr


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trd`tfdet èj pritdatbie ti `mm aiffuebtbds èj wbmm ld ciuejdj ie dtdre`m nustbad, oiijedss èj

oiijwbmm.

Zkd Gk`gs`r stèjs cir (`) rdo`rj cir tkd rdmbobius èj siab`m sdetbfdets ic `mm

aiffuebtbds, Kbeju, Fusmbf, Qbgk, X`rsb, Akrbstbè, Ndw, èj Tetiuak`lmd dta., (l)

f`betdeèad ic tkdbr p`rtbaum`r aumturd èj austifs èj (a) odedr`m timdrèad7 èj ldmbdvds tkbs

pimbay ti ld tkd sdardt ic Fusmbf rumd be Bejb` cir ` tkiusèj yd`rs.

Kipdcummy, tkbs `rtbamd wiumj ld demboktdebeo ti pdipmd, p`rtbaum`rmy tkisd crif tkd Bejbè

sul-aietbedet, be uejdrstèjbeo fird `liut tkdbr kbstiry. Zkdrd `rd fèy càts tk`t stbmm eddj ti

ld dxpmirdj be tkd kbstiry ic tkd sul-aietbedet. @ j`y wbmm aifd wkde pdipmd wbmm cbe`mmy

jbsaivdr tkd trutk.

Eitds

0. Zkd iccdrs ic @fl`ss`jirskbp èj Geboktkiij wdrd dxtdejdj ly Qbr @mcrdj K`fbmtie Orèt,

Akbdc Aiffbssbiedr ic tkd Eirtk _dst Crietbdr Xrivbead. Zkd Akbdc Aiffbssbiedr w`s

dqubv`mdet ti tkd Oivdreir `t tk`t tbfd.


27/28

?. @e betdmmbodead rdpirt bssudj be F`rak 10, 02:1, rdcdrrbeo ti tkd s`fd spddak, fdetbiedj tk`t

tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrbg w`s àtu`tdj ti w`gd up tkd smddpbeo Fusmbf e`tbie èj ti sdrvd kufèbty

(@X@A, BIM M/X&N/;/3;8, prdp`rdj ly Xuen`l A.B.J., 02:0, p. 11-13).

;. Qdd F`skr`qbs mdttdr ti Pu`bj-d-@z`f j`tdj @uoust 80, 02:: (Rius`c


28/28

Miejie.

Akèjdr, Quebm. 02;?. Aieordss-\`n aiecmbat èj tkd rbsd ic tkd Fusmbf Mdòud be tkd fbebstry

pdrbij, 021?-12.Fijdre @sbè Qtujbds Zkd Jbsiwedj Odebus. M`kird, X`gbstè> Nèo Xulmbskdrs.

F`skr`qb, @mm`f` (Gkè, Be`y`tumm`k). 02??.Fuq`m``t @ur Jiisrb Zdkrddr be Simufd 1.

M`kird, X`gbstè> Bj`r`k-b-Z`mbf`t-b-F`skrbqb.

Fuk`ff`j, Qkè. 02?1. Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet be Bejb`. Jdmkb, Bejb`> Fdde`gskb Xr`g`skè.

Eitd ie tkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet. 02:8. Jdadfldr :. Akbaòi> Tebvdrsbty ic Akbaòi. Fbaricbmf.

Rius`c, E`sbf. Zwi Mdodejs ic X`gbstè.

Edw Rirg> E`sbf Rius`c.

. @F^

Xulmba`tbies.

"freedom of british india through the lens of the khaskar movement" (full version)by nasim yousaf

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