freeman edward, the ottoman power in europe

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freeman-edward-the-ottoman-power-in-europe 1/353
V 'illan
INVICTAE
PREFACE.
I
SHOULD
wish
nations,
had
no
opportunity
of
speaking
Viil
TREFACE.
In
ordinary
language,
my
former
book
oppose
a
PREFACE.
IX
X
PREFACE.
opposition
to
all
theoretical
and
sentimental
ways
of
looking
at
things,
I
argue
from
PREFACE.
XI
all
the
other
lands
where
he
still
does
Xll
PREFACE.
and
the
Turk,
then
we
PREFACE.
Xlil
be
XIV
PREFACE.
PREFACE.
XV
Bosnia,
where
the
victorious
patriots
have
driven
out
the
Turk,
and
where
they
stand
with
their
arms
in
their
hands
lest
he
should
come
in
again.
There
is
PREFACE.
and
should
place
on
PREFACE.
XVU
which
we
live,
these
XV111
PREFACE.
incident
might
have
come
PREFACE.
oppressive
PREFACE.
XXI
brags
of
the
Canning,
we
must
at
least
make
sure
that
the
inaction
of
Lord
Derby
shall
be
the
worst
thing
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
I.
PAGE
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER
IN
EUROPE;
ITS
NATURE,
ITS
GROWTH,
KAsTi.RN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
from
all
the
NATURE
OF
TURKISH
RULE.
3
4
KINDRED
OF
THE
EUROPEAN
NATIONS.
great
common
possession,
namely,
real
original
unity
of
EASTERN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
md
INFLUENCE
OF
ROME.
7
source
all
Europe
8
EASTERN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
heritage
of
INFLUENCE
OF
CHRISTIANITY.
9
Christian
nations.
things.
Those
who
I.
A
STERN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
this
is
12
EASTERN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
lax
POLYGAMY
AND
SLAVERY.
1
3
and
villainage,
have
gradually
died
out
or
have
been
abolished
in
all
European
nations.
The
rule
which
men
14
EASTERN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
different.
not
admit
of
degrees,
a
difference
in
WESTERN
GOVERNMENTS.
15
sive,
r
1
6
EASTERN
AND*
WESTERN
EUROPE.
in
the
law
itself
NATIONAL
GOVERNMENTS.
1
7
ment
are
EASTERN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
interests,
feelings,
and
wishes
are
all
bound
together.
The
interests
of
England
and
ORIGIN
OF
WESTERN
GOVERNMENTS.
1
9
and
to
acknowledge
a
common
head
in
the
ruler
of
their
common
land.
Sometimes
the
conquerors
have
learned
the
language
and
manners
of
the
conquered
FUSION
OF
CONQUERORS
AND
CONQUERED.
21
successive
conquerors
had
learned
the
speech
of
the
land,
and
people
of
the
land
where
they
settled.
One
can
head.
22
EASTERN
or
later,
still
goes
on
POSITION
OF
THE
TURKS.
23
24
EASTERN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
be
found
in
the
earlier
history
NOTES.
(i,
p.
5.)
In
speaking
thus
by
the
scientific
inquirer.
We
may
compare
26
EASTERN
AND
WESTERN
EUROPE.
coming
of
the
same
common
Aryan
stock,
CHAPTER
II.
THE
THE
PERMANENCE
OF
RACES
non-Aryan
races
forms
one
32
THE
RACES
OF
EASTERN
EUROPE.
THE
ROMANS
Roman.
34
THE
RACES
OF
EASTERN
EUROPE.
THE
TEUTONS
36
THE
RACES
OF
EASTERN
EUROPE.
but
intellectually
Greek.
OLD
AND
NON-ARYANS
IN
EAST
AND
WEST.
39
two
chief
causes
had
combined
to
keep
THE
TURKS.
41
enemy.
42
THE
RACES
OF
EASTERN
EUROPE.
and
from
the
inhabitants
of
Western
Asia,
who,
wherever
they
were
not
Aryan,
mainly
belonged
to
the
Semitic
family.
The
Semitic
nations
must,
in
all
those
points
which
distinguish
Eastern
from
Western
life,
be
set
down
as
belonging
IRAN
AND
TURAN.
43
that
the
original
Turkish
44
THE
RACES
OF
EASTERN
EUROPE.
For
other
Turanian
nations
beside
the
Ottoman
Turks
have
also
made
their
way
into
Europe,
and
the
history
of
some
of
those
nations
has
been
quite
unlike
the
history
of
the
Ottoman
m
OLDER
TURANIAN
INVASIONS.
45
ages
before
the
coming
of
the
Ottoman
Turks,
grew
up
into
great
kingdoms.
Passing
by
a
crowd
of
nations
which
play
an
important
part
in
Byzantine
history
but
46
THE
RACES
from
their
Frankish
conquerors.
The
Bulgarians
entered
the
Empire
in
BULGARIANS
AND
MAGYARS.
47
48
THE
RACES
SUMMARY.
49
its
own,
how
50
THE
RACES
NOTES.
5
1
remembered
that
Dacia
was,
CHAPTER
III.
THE
54
THE
OTTOMAN
TURKS
AND
THEIR
RELIGION.
colonies
of
Europe
56
THE
OTTOMAN
MUSSULMANS
AND
NON-MUSSULMANS.
S7
neither
Christian
58
THE
OTTOMAN
TURKS
AND
THEIR
RELIGION.
and
the
most
bigoted
of
all
Mahometans.
Q)
Still,
the
relation
between
Mahometans
and
Christians
in
South-eastern
Europe
is
only
part
of
the
general
relation
between
Mahometans
and
men
of
other
religions
everywhere.
be
forfeited,
and
MUSSULMAN
TOLERATION.
59
60
THE
OTTOMAN
TURKS
AND
THEIR
RELIGION.
treated
in
every
thing
IRREGULAR
62
THE
OTTOMAN
TURKS
AND
THEIR
RELIGION.
choice
between
64
THE
OTTOMAN
TURKS
AND
THEIR
RELIGION.
the
temporal
power
GOOD
SIDE
OF
ISLAM.
65
is
very
like
that
spirit
sincere Mahometan.
MAHOMETAN
/O
THE
CONTRAST
72
THE
OTTOMAN
TURKS
AND
THEIR
RELIGION.
at
Constantinople
as
king
or
queen
and
not
a
MISAPPLICATION
OF
WORDS.
73
all
the
countries
and who
administer the
74
THE
OTTOMAN
TURKS
AND
THEIR
RELIGION.
are
using
them.
As
y6
THE
OTTOMAN
Turkish
government
political
com-
munity
78
THE
OTTOMAN
80
THE
OTTOMAN
THE
TURKS
AN
ARMY
OF
OCCUPATION.
82
THE
OTTOMAN
REFORM
IMPOSSIBLE.
8$
equally
out
of
the
question
countries where the
SUMMARY.
85
them
on
a
level
with
86
THE
OTTOMAN
TURKS
CHAPTER
IV.
THE
RISE
AND
mended. Thus
88
RISE
AND
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
history
of
their
doings
in
the
lands
which
I
have
conquered
in
Europe.
THE
TURKISH
RACE.
89
so
long
a
90
RISE
AND
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
seventy-eight
years
after
SARACENS
AND
TURKS.
9
1
Still
both
92
RISE
AND
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
and
their
immediate
successors.
The
Seljuk
Turl
pressed
their
conquests
to
the
West,
and
so
had
moi
to
THE
EMPIRE
AND
THE
SELJUK
TURKS.
93
time
weak
and
declining.
The
Eastern
Emperors
are
often
said
by
those
who
have
i
94
RISE
AND
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
THE
SELJUKS
IN
Ikonion.
The
dominion
of
these
Sultans
gradually
broke
up
after
the
usual
manner
THE
LATINS
AT
CONSTANTINOPLE.
97
98
rise
and
growth
of
ottoman
power.
I
Thus
a
way
was
opened
for
a
BEGINNING
OF
THE
OTTOMANS.
99
terrible
than
all
that
ier
i
id
REIGNS
OF
OTHMAN
AND
ORKHAN.
IO3
of
the
patriarch
of
the
new
dynasty,
of
Ertoghrul
himself,
belong
to
legend
or
to
history.
Both
he
and
his
son
Othman
were
merely
Asiatic
rulers.
They
in
the
ordinary
sense.
Orkhan
first
demanded
a
tribute
of
children.
The
deepest
of
wrongs,
y
i
104
RISE
AND
THE
JANISSARIES.
105
By
the
106
RISE
AND
THE
OTTOMANS
IN
EUROPE.
107
time
we
may
date
their
lasting
presence
in
Europe,
though
they
did
not
hold
any
permanent
possessions
there
BO
CONQUESTS
OF
AMURATH
THE
FIRST.
IO9
just
now,
besides
her
own
divisions,
had
I
CORRUPTION
UNDER
BAJAZET.
Ill
worse
than
other
Eastern
conquerors.
With
Amurath's
successor
Bajazet
the
darker
side
of
the
Ottoman
dominion
comes
more
strongly
into
VICTORY
1
14
RISE
AND
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
army
had
reached
the
Balkan.
By
the
peace
which
followed,
Servia
again
became
independent,
and
Wallachia
was
ceded
to
Hungary.
Then
Wladislaus,
King
of
Hungary
and
Poland,
was
persuaded
TAKING
OF
CONSTANTINOPLE.
1
1
5
Roman
rule,
of
independent
Greek
nationality,
and
he
fixed
the
relations
which
the
Greek
part
of
his
subjects
were
to
bear
both
towards
their
Turkish
masters
and
towards
their
Christian
fellow-subjects.
1
1
CONQUESTS
OF
MAHOMET
THE
SECOND.
117
Il8
RISE
AND
GROWTH
MAHOMET'S
POLICY.
119
as
their
arms.
He
saw
ability
in
ESTABLISHMENT
122
by
winning
back
Constantinople.
Certain
it
is
that
the
Emperors
who
reigned
century
were
far
better
124
RISE
AND
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
in
subduing
the
nation
next
beyond
it.
So
did
the
fashion
of
harrying
and
plundering
lands
be-
fore
their
actual
conquest
was
attempted.
Men
might
be
tempted
to
doubt
whether
regular
bondage
to
the
Turk
might
not
be
REICxN
OF
BAJAZET
AND
SELIM.
1
25
said,
makes
Christianity
126
SELIM
AND
SULEIMAN.
\2J
righteous
man
and
an
honest
expounder
—
128
RISE
AND
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
in
Hungary.
time of
I30
BEGINNING
OF
DECAY.
131
Lepanto
none
the
less
marks
the
turning-point
in
the
history
of
the
Ottoman
power.
It
broke
the
spell,
and
taught
men
that
the
Turks
could
be
con-
quered.
Hitherto,
though
they
had
failed
in
particular
enterprises,
their
career
132
RISE
AND
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
threatened
their
Ottoman
SUMMARY.
133
the
most
part
done
something
else
besides
doing
wrong
and
causing
suffering.
Most
oppression.
From
him
the
subject
nations
could
gain
nothing
134
GROWTH
OF
OTTOMAN
POWER.
Othman
began,
which
NOTES.
(i,
p.
97.)
Corfu
is
the
island
THE
LATER
SULTANS.
137-
Ottoman
dominion,
and
crown
its
master
with
the
sacred
honours
of
the
Caliphate.
Under
Suleiman
the
Ottoman
power
reaches
its
highest
point.
Even
the
second
Selim,
unworthy
of
remembrance
in
himself,
lives
Sultans
for
the
first
two
hundred
years
or
more,
while
for
the
next
two
hundred
years
he
may
follow
the
general
course
of
events,
and
the
general
I38
THE
DECLINE
OF
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
THE
SULTANS
140
THE
DECLINE
OF
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
the
Ottoman
power.
But
it
FEELING
OF
THE
SUBJECT
NATIONS.
14
1
One
of
I42
THE
DECLINE
OF
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
But
to
the
Christians
under
the
Turk,
it
was
144
TIIE
DECLINE
OF
THE
CONQUEST
OF
CRETE.
145
I46
THE
DECLINE
OF
THE
150
THE
DECLINE
OF
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
152
THE
DECLINE
VENETIAN
CONQUEST
OF
PELOPONNESOS.
1
53
which,
154
THE
DECLINE
OF
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
states.
Then,
in
GROWTH
OF
RUSSIA.
1
156
THE
DECLINE
OF
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
princes,
and
had
TREATIES
OF
CARLOWITZ
AND
PASSAROWITZ.
1
57
Turks
were
still
able
to
win
victories,
and,
though
they
won
no
new
ground,
they
sometimes
won
back
a
good
BELGRADE
HANDED
TO
AND
FRO.
1
59
a
national
government,
l6o
THE
DECLINE
OF
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
kingdom
1
62
THE
164
THE
alliance,
together
with
the
general
state
of
affairs
in
Europe,
caused
Russia
to
draw
DEALINGS
WITH
THE
SUBJECT
NATIONS.
1
65
CHAPTER
VI.
THE
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
We
have
now
reached
STATE
1
68
THE
SERVIANS
AND
THE
SULTAN.
1
69
willing
to
put
their
necks
under
the
lighter
yoke.
They
will
rather
be
stirred
up
by
their
success
to
cast
off
every
yoke,
heavy
or
light.
On
the
other
hand,
though
a
Sultan
may
find
170
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
while
he
was
persecuting
THE
SERVIAN
WAR.
171
Asiatic
intruders.
Later
still,
when
Buonaparte
and
Alexander
1
172
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
crushed
his
forces
right
and
left,
and
the
Russia
army
DELIVERANCE
OF
SERVIA.
1
73
on
the
stake
before
174
REVOLTS
THE
VENETIAN
POSSESSIONS
IN
GREECE.
175
which
should
176
THE
GREEK
WAR
OF
INDEPENDENCE.
1
79
The
effect
of
Mahmoud's
l8o
RE
1
TOMAN
P(
is,
will
be
more
eager
to
win
perfect
freedom,
and
will
be
better
able
to
win
it
than
those
who
are
in
utter
bondage
and
who
have
MAHMOUD
GETS
HELP
Seljuk
Sultans.
Mahmoud,
in
order
to
bring
back
the
1
think of
BATTLE
OF
NAVARINO.
1
83
not
yet
set
in,
1
84
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
to
them.
And
WISDOM
OF
CANNING.
1
85
more
THE
GREEK
KINGDOM.
1
87
Bavarian
prince,
Otho
by
name,
as
king,
with
a
Bavarian
regency.
The
TURKISH
REFORMS.
1
89
regard
to
South-eastern
Europe.
Sultan
Mahmoud,
who
190
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
that,
because
MAHOMET
ALL
191
reforms
did
little
good
192
REVOLTS
A(
POWER.
that,
compliments,
Turkish
Pasha
was
hanged,
and
a
large
measure
freedom
was
given
to
his
Christian
victims.
THE
TURK
THE
ALLY
OF
ENGLAND.
1
93
demanded
a
fuller
acknowledgement
of
his
rights
as
protector
of
the
Orthodox,
and
he,
on
the
Turk's
refusal,
occupied
the
Principalities.
The
Turk
then
declared
194
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
other
nations.
This
independence,
at
any
rate,
could
mean
nothing
but
the
uncontrolled
power
of
L
doing
THE
CRIMEAN
WAR.
195
given
to
Omar
Pasha,
a
renegade
of
Slavonic
birth,
who
had
forsaken
his
nation
man.
He
196
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
was
undone,
when
the
barbarian
was
solemnly
ad-
mitted
into
the
fellowship
of
European
and
Christian
powers.
To
admit
THE
TREATY
OF
PARIS.
1
97
clearer
still
by
religion.
Reason
and
experience
should
by
irony
198
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
or,
if
anything,
they
have
been
worse
still.
The
rela-
tions
between
the
Sultan
and
his
subjects,
that
is
the
relations
between
the
tyrant
and
his
victims,
have
gone
on
just
as
they
went
on
before
200
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
THE
RULE
OF
THE
RING.
201
but
the
relations
between
the
Sultan
and
his
subjects,
the
relations
with
which
at
the
local
council,
simply
to
202
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
under
the
Turkish
atrocities
nothing
strange.
203
were
the
ordinary
relations
between
the
Sultan
and
204
done
for
THE
TURK
UPHELD
BY
CHRISTIANS.
205
FOREIGN
INTRIGUERS.
207
ought
to
be
called
foreign
intriguers
-AINST
Til]
consul,
Mr.
Dickson,
man
who,
for
fear
of
bein^
misconstrued
in
this
way
or
that
THE
CRETAN
WAR.
209
Derby
did
right
in
deliberately
ordering
210
UNION
OF
ROUMANIA.
211
212
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
brave
men
can
easily
hold
out
against
a
much
greater
force.
In
these
lands
therefore
revolts
have
been
HISTORY
OF
MONTENEGRO.
213
stitution
of
Montenegro
was
altogether
changed.
The
line
of
prince-bishops
REIGNS
OF
2l8
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
As
the
REVOLT
220
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
they
put
it
down
all
MONTENEGRIN
fruits
of
victory
r
ER.
no us
DIPLOMACY.
223
very
good
sermons
for
the
instruction
of
the
Turk,
but
which
served
no
practical
purpose.
Lastly,
in
December
the
Conference
CHANGE
OF
SULTANS.
22
THE
SHAM
CONSTITUTION.
227
plained
POPULAR
PREJUDICES
IN
ENGLAND.
229
the
Orthodox,
because
they
have
ey
overcame
all
their
traditional
prejudices,
and
they
declared
that
the)'
would
no
more
have
anything
to
CONDUCT
OF
THE
ENGLISH
GOVERNMENT.
23
1
the
nation
which
thought
right
higher
than
party.
The
Conservative
party
did
not
repent,
232
REVOLTS
234
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
him
to
do
professional
diplomatists,
was
to
try
to
avoid
trouble
by
getting
rid
LORD
DERBY
AND
SIR
HENRY
ELLIOT.
235
236
FOREIGN
INTRIGUERS.
237
That
men
ALLEGED
EXCESSES
OF
against
the
Christian
insurgents
were
mere
falsehoods.
But
suppose,
240
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
and,
in
any
case,
what
they
may
have
SLANDERS
certain that
242
TEACHING
OF
EXPERIENCE.
243
may
244
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
were
really
in
earnest
about
NOTES.
(i,
p.
167.)
See
Chapter
XXVIII.
of
Jirecek,
Geschichte
of the Greek
NOTES.
247
instead
of
dulness,
mere
timidity
and
weakness
of
purpose,
mere
shrinking
from
obvious
Gardner
Wilkin-
son
besides
248
REVOLTS
AGAINST
THE
OTTOMAN
POWER.
f
some
parts
the
Mahometans
themselves
are
rising.
In
short,
there
seems
a
hope
that
men
of
all
creeds
may
join
to
shake
off
the
yoke
that
presses
on
all.
(13,
p.
227.)
The
same
kind
NOTES.
249
measures
CHAPTER
VII.
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION,
And
now
at
last
we
come
to
the
great
practical
question,
wrongs
are
done,
what
sufferings
are
borne,
if
some
fancied
interest
of
England
is
supposed
to
be
SIR
HENRY
ELLIOT
ON
INTERESTS.
25
I
Blue
252
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
speak
THE
NEW
MORALITY.
253
It
matters
not
who
may
perish,
10,000
or
20,000,
if
their
perishing
will
hinder
changes
that
will
be
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
section
for
which
the
name
PRIVATE
AND
PUBLIC
MORALITY.
255
For
it
must
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
DUTY
OF
REDRESSING
WRONG
DONE.
257
And
258
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
Now
that
England,
and
Europe
in
general,
but
England
in
a
more
marked
way
than
any
other
nation
of
Europe,
have
done
wrong
to
the
subject
nations
of
South-eastern
Europe
hardly
needs
proof.
We
need
go
no
THE
very
different
matter
from
merely
not
260
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
nothing
in
its
place.
The
powers
pledged
themselves
not
to
interfere
UPHOLDING
humanity
and
Englishmen
were
forbidden
262
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
letters
written
AMBASSADORS
AND
CONSULS.
263
Constantinople,
a
circular
we
have
upheld
the
Turk
THE
DOCTRINE
OF
INTEREST.
265
national
266
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
we
have
done,
to
wipe
away
the
HOW
TO
DEAL
WITH
THE
TURK.
267
war
268
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
The
whole
mistake
lies
in
dealing
with
the
Turk
the
civilized
nations
of
Europe
deal
with
one
another.
He
should
THE
2-JO
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
but
the
blinded
eyes
of
a
Foreign
Secretary,
that
th
Turk
would
do
nothing
except
under
coercion.
Yet
it
is
laid
down
NECESSARY
FAILURE
OF
272
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION
I
in
the
people,
THE
TWO
NECESSARY
POINTS.
273
lead
to
any
lasting
reform,
274
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
in
TURKISH
TROOPS
TO
BE
276
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
to
compel
what
diplomatist
so
greatly
fear
by
the
names
of
GOVERNORS
NOT
TO
BE
CHOSEN
CIRCUMSTANCES
OF
DIFFERENT
DISTRICTS.
279
28o
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
memory,
the
recovery
TRIBUTARY
STATES.
objections
to
282
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
wrongs
of
the
Bosnian
Mahometans,
in
THE
MUSSULMAN
POPULATION.
283
to
distinguish
the
private
Turk
284
286
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
Ottoman
master,
from
the
yoke
which
equally
weighs
down
all
the
representatives
of
all
the
Turk.
Therefore
England
is
bound
NEED
OF
IMMEDIATE
ACTION.
287
this
can
be
done,
most
likely
without
fighting,
if
only
the
powers
of
Europe,
or
some
of
them,
will
agree
to
deal
with
288
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
think
that
be
spent
in
whitening
the
sepulchre
29O
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
I
falsehood
more
dangerous.
It
may
be
therefore
worth
while
to
point
out
where
FALLACIOUS
PARALLELS.
291
got
worse
and
worse,
doings
of
Christian
govern-
ments
292
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
ment
in
Europe
294
it
bids
its
sovereign
march
QUESTION
OF
INTEREST.
295
being
is
dear,
will
say
that,
if
duty
being
told
that
296
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
winning
that rival
FEAR
HOW
TO
SUPPORT
TURKEY.
299
was
spoken
of
in
an
earlier
chapter.
It
really
looks
as
300
land
which
has
INHERENT
WEAKNESS
OF-
THE
TURK.
3OI
do
not
clash,
but
both
lead
us
the
same
way.
Duty
bids
us
set
free
those
suffering
nations
as
an
atone-
ment
for
the
wrongs
which
we
have
done
to
them.
Interest,
if
there
be
any
interest
in
the
matter,
leads
302
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
RUSSIAN
POLICY
AND
INTERESTS.
303
or
false,
We
then
ask,
whose
concern
is
it
304
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
senting
herself
thought
of
till,
in
the
days
that
306
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
despots
QUESTION
OF
INDIA.
307
308
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
possible
and
rational
objects
of
Russian
policy.
Not
so
the
annexation
CONSTANTINOPLE.
309
interests
3IO
CONCLUSION.
311
his
victims
have
risen
up
against
him,
and
how
we
have
dealt
between
312
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
rule
no
man
can
NOTES.
(i,
p.
251.)
314
THE
PRACTICAL
QUESTION.
(12,
p.
287.)
Correspondence
respecting
the
Conference,
p.
243.
Let
the
book
of
the
Baron
Henry
de
Worms
mentioned
already.
I
know
not
on
what
NOTES.
3
1
5
addressed
to
Baron
Brunow,
Vol.
ii.
p.
230,
we
get
the
usual
talk
about
Russia
stirring
up
RETURN
TO
the
circulation
desk
ot
any
University
of
California
Library
or

freeman edward, the ottoman power in europe

Documents