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FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY RESEARCH CENTRE [FFU]

and JAPANESE-GERMAN CENTER BERLIN [JDZB]

Symposium Indicators for Evaluating Sustainable Development ―

The Ecological Dimension from Monday, November 1 to Tuesday, November 2, 2004

at the JDZB, Saargemünder Str. 2, 14195 Berlin

Integrated Environmental Assessment & Reporting

Darren SWANSON (International Institute for Sustainable Development - IISD Canada)

Email: [email protected]

Indicators for Evaluating Sustainable Development ― The Ecological Dimension, Syposium at the Japanese-German Centre Berlin (JDZB), 1 - 2 November 2004

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Reporting

Darren SWANSON, Measurement & Assessment Program, International Institute for Sustainable

Development (IISD)

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) under its Global Environment Outlook (GEO) initiative

builds capacity related to national-level state-of-the-environment reporting. Through these efforts, GEO

provides training and development workshops for integrated environmental assessment and reporting

(IEAR). IEAR serves many integrative purposes, among these is linking information on environmental

indicators to the decision making process. It does so by going beyond traditional approaches for state-of-the-

environment reporting to address the following questions:

What is happening to the environment? – traditional reporting of environmental indicators;

Why is it happening? – analysis of key drivers, pressures, states and impacts;

What can and are we doing about it? – analysis of the effects and effectiveness of key policy

responses; and

What is the outlook? – conducting futures scenario analysis.

An important component of IEAR is using the driving forces-pressures-state-impact-response framework to

help structure the state-of-the-environment analysis. This particular analytic framework provides a systems-

like perspective on the state of the environment and helps link indicator information to policy.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) is a collaborating centre for GEO in efforts

related to national-level training for IEAR. IISD is currently leading an international working group which is

updating national-level IEAR training methods for the GEO program.

1/1

Integrated Environmental Assessment & Reporting

Darren SwansonMeasurement & Assessment Program –

Presentation for the"Indicators for Evaluating Sustainable Development - The

Ecological Dimension"

November 2004Japanese-German Center - Berlin

What is meant by “integrated”?

• Environmental information and policy

Strategies & Objectives

Planning

Policy Implementation

Monitoring, Learning & Adapting

Coordination

Participation

National level IEA & Reporting

• IEA approach used by Global Environment Outlook (GEO) – UNEP

• Training manual (1997)• Revised training

manual (2005)

GEO Reporting

• Global• Regions• Nations• Cities

Sustainable development brought new requirements for

assessment and reporting

• Recognizing the links between environmental conditions and human activities

• Highlighting the need for long-term perspectives

• Considering equity both within and between generations

• Engaging the participation of all sectors of society in the decision-making process

What is meant by IEA & Reporting?

1. What is happening to the environment?

3. What can and are we doing about it?

4. What is the outlook?

Traditional SEO Reporting

2. Why is it happening?

• Identifying key issues– Process is key– Issue frameworks (the state)

• Developing indicators– SMART indicators

1.What is happening to the environment?

Identifying Key Issues – Process is Key

• Governments• Businesses• NGOs• Media• Religious organizations• Universities• Trade unions• Youth groups• Indigenous people’s groups• Political party representatives• Unaffiliated citizens• The poor or disenfranchised• Others



Engaging stakeholders

Identifying Key Issues – Issue Frameworks

• Free-form brainstorming and synthesizing

• Ecosystem services framework

• others



MA 2003

Developing Indicators

Specific

Measurable

Attributable

Relevant

Time-bound



550

600

650

700

750

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Tota

l GH

G E

mis

sion

s (M

t CO

2eq

uiva

lent

)

Source: Gov. of Canada 2002. Canada’s Third National Report on Climate Change 2001. <http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/english/3nr/index.html> (cited 15 August, 2002).

• Systems diagrams using the DPSIR framework

• Understanding ecosystem – human well-being linkages

2. Why is it happening and what are the consequences?

Systems Diagrams

• Driving Forces, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework

ResponsesDriving Forces

Pressures

State

Impacts

1

2

34

urban growth

Automobile use and

efficiency

Atmosphere CO2

Crop production

various policy instruments



5.00

7.00

9.00

11.00

13.00

15.00

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

Aut

omob

ile F

uel E

ffici

ency

(k

ilom

etre

s pe

r litr

e)

Source: 1984-1990 data: Calculated from vehicle stock, average kilometres travelled and average fuel efficiency data from Natural Resources Canada, Office of Energy Efficiency.

1950-1982: Environment Canada 2002. National Environmental Indicator Series <http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/Indicators/Issues/Transpo/Tables/pttb07_e.cfm> (cited 15 August, 2002).

PressuresAutomobile

use and efficiency



Ecosystem –HumanWell-beingLinkages

MA 2003

ImpactsCrop

production



• Societal Responses (DSPIR)• Policy effects analysis• Policy effectiveness analysis

3. What is society doing about it?

What policy instruments are impacting the issue?

• Economic instruments– Taxes, subsidies, tradable permits…

• Legal and regulatory instruments– Laws, acts, enforcement…

• Expenditure instruments– Education & awareness, Research & Development,…

• Institutional instruments– National sustainable development strategies, green procurement, …

3. What is society doing about it?3. What is society doing about it?

Responsesvarious policy instruments

Policy Effects AnalysisEffects of policy

responses• Implies causality

between policy and driving force, pressure, state, or impact.

• Identifying intended and unintended effects based on scientific and social observation and analysis

• Should be judgment free

5.00

7.00

9.00

11.00

13.00

15.00

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

Aut

omob

ile F

uel E

ffici

ency

(k

ilom

etre

s pe

r litr

e)


Policy Effectiveness Analysis

550

600

650

700

750

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Tota

l GH

G E

mis

sion

s (M

t CO

2eq

uiva

lent

)

Effectiveness of policy responses• Goes beyond analyzing effects and judges how the actual

effect measures up to the policy objective.• This is a performance assessment of the policy

Kyoto Target



Forward-looking policy studies:• Define policy options (scenarios):

– Business-as-usual, sustainability first• Estimate changes in state and impact• Draw conclusions about range of possible

outcomes

Common elements in forward-looking policy analysis

Task 1: Define major environmental issue and policy question

Task 2: Define current situation (data conditions, trends, existing policies)

Task 3: Estimate the consequences of the current situation on the issue

Task 4: Define policy optionsTask 5: Estimate changes in impact (for each

option)Task 6: Draw conclusions about the range of

possible outcomes4. What is the outlook?4. What is the outlook?

4. What is the outlook?4. What is the outlook?

GH

G E

mis

sion

s

(M

t CO

2E

quiv

alen

t)

500

600

700

800

900

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Source: Canada’s Emissions Outlook: An Update. Analysis and ModellingGroup, National Climate Change Process, Energy Policy Branch, Natural Resources Canada. December, 1999.

Kyoto Protocol

199 Mt

Business-as-usual

Example Scenario: GHG Emissions in Canada – business as usual

4. What is the outlook?4. What is the outlook?

What is meant by IEA & Reporting?

Traditional SEO Reporting

Assessing Future Scenarios

1. What is happening to the environment?

3. What can and are we doing about it?


Assessing SEO & Priorities

Indicator Development & Analysis

2. Why is it happening?

Assessing Policy

Future Directions in IEA & Reporting?

1. What is happening to the environment? 1. What is happening to the environment?

3. What can and are we doing about it? 3. What can and are we doing about it?

4. What is the outlook? 4. What is the outlook?

2. Why is it happening? 2. Why is it happening?

Assessment domain

Issue domain, t ∆ Issue domain, t+1

GEA Framework Eckley et al. 2001 Effective

Assessments• Saliency, legitimacy, credibility

• Usability

• Influencing strategy

• Types of information

Assessing Strategic and Coordinated Action

• Type of strategy approach

• Demonstrating commitment and focus

• Incorporating the inter-generational SD principle

• Incorporating the interdependency SD principle

• legal basis

• Institutional basis

• Policy assessment

• Accountability

• Financing

• Mix of policy initiatives

• Tracking progress toward strategies

• Understanding SD trends

• Learning & Adaptation

1. Leadership

2. Planning

3. Implementation

4. Monitoring Coordination

Participation

• With budget processes

• With other strategies

• With other levels of government

• Institutionalizing participation

• Building Trust





State-of-Information Reporting

• On-the-ground monitoring capacity

• Data collection capacity• Data analysis capacity• Indicator and indices

development and presentation

• Updating capacity

Information systems

DATA

INDICATORS

INDICES





Our vision Better living for all—sustainably.

Our mission To champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably.

Our role We seek to demonstrate how human ingenuity can be applied to improve the well-being of the environment, economy and society.

Our tools are policy research, information exchange, analysis and advocacy.

Our products relate to climate change, business, communities & livelihoods, economic policy, knowledge networks, leadership development, measurement & indicators, natural resources, and trade & investment

Our audiences are government, business and civil society.

www.iisd.org

Darren Swanson, MPA-ID, M.Sc., P.Eng./P.E.Project Manager, Measurement & AssessmentInternational Institute for Sustainable Development - IISDEmail: [email protected]: 204.958.7746Internet: www.iisd.org

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