french experience and results regarding geographical...
TRANSCRIPT
French experience and results regarding
Geographical Indications
(PDO, PGI)
Budapest, 15/11/2016
Valerie KELLER
I.N.A.O. (French agency for geographical indications and quality signs)
French quality policy : institutional system
INAO
(National Institute of
Origin and Quality)
Geographical
indications (and other
quality signs)
Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Economy
INPI
(National Institute of
Industrial Property)
Patents, trademarks,
…
Official control
services : DG for Competition Policy,
Consumer Affairs and Fraud
Control (DGCCRF), Customs
Main tasks of INAO
I. Promotion and information (official quality signs in general)
II. Recognizing GIs (and other quality signs)
III. Determining and monitoring the system of controls of the products. INAO = competent authority
IV. Monitoring of GI system
V. Contributing to the protection of Gis (name and geographical area)
Organisation :
1 siège (Montreuil) +
8 délégations territoriales (19
sites)
260 agents (70 % en région ) :
- techniciens, ingénieurs
(agronomie, agroalimentaire,
œnologie, géographie..),
- juristes
- gestion administrative
Budget : 22 millions d’euros (70 % venant de l’Etat, 30 % des
filières)
INAOs organization
•AOC / PDO (protected designation of origin)
: A product closely linked to its territory
• PGI (protected geographical indication):
A product linked to its territory
• TSG (traditional specialty) : A traditional product
• Organic farming : A method of production which is protective for environment and animal welfare
• Label Rouge : A high quality product (french sign)
Ge
ogra
ph
ica
l
indic
ations
Official quality signs in France
Why did some countries create
Geographical Indications?
In France, around 1900 : Appellation d’Origine Controlée
To protect the name of famous wine and spirit
To give consumers objective information concerning the characteristics of the product
Why was the GI european policy set up
(70s for wines, 1992 for other products)?
To encourage diverse agricultural productions, to give benefits to rural economy
To protect product names from misuse and imitation
To help consumers by giving them information concerning the specific characteristics of the products
To grant a large protection to the GI names (all the EU territory and more)
History :
set up of GI in France and in EU
1905 : first law on appellations of origin
1935 : creation of the system of « appellation d’origine
contrôlée » (AOC) and of the « INAO » for wines and spirits
1970s : European regulations on wines
1990 : INAOs missions extended to other products (cheeses,
foodstuff..)
1992 : European regulation regarding PDO and PGI
After 2000 : INAOs missions extended to PGI, Red Label : agency for
all official quality signs
AOP vins et cidres : 366 AOP produits laitiers (fromages, crèmes, beurres) : 50 AOP autres produits agro-alimentaires : 47
IGP agro-alimentaires: 119 IGP vins et cidres : 76 IG boissons spiritueuses : 35
STG : 1
Label Rouge : plus de 450 produits
French official quality signs :
a major sector of agriculture and food industry
More than 1100 products – including 680 GI products , 420 Red Labels, 1 TSG
produced by 22 % of French farmers (112 500 farms)
Turnover :
22 billion € = 15% of foodstuff industry (125 Airbus)
10 billion € to export = 30% of the export turnover of foodstuff industry.
Evolution :
Twice the rise of the turnover of general foodstuff industry.
A GI, what for ?
Added value /
creation of jobs in
rural areas / other
economical
consequences on
the producing
chain
Protection of the
name of the
product / of the
know how of the
producers / of a
part of regional
heritage rural developpement
and environnemental
aspects
Which economic interests ?
- Higher prices for GI products,
- Production growth,
- Better value distribution.
Higher retail price of GI products
(example of French cheeses and wines)
Source : MAAPAR, ONIVINS, CFCE, INAO
230 %
Wine price (2)
French PDO
wines Other wines French PDO
cheeses
All cheeses
30 %
Cheese retail price (1)
A production growth (example of a French GI cheese)
Example of Morbier cheese (PDO)
PDO registration = Re-localisation of the production and development : from 25 producers (1998) to 40
producers (2015)
AOC
Registration
A distribution of value more profitable to farmers
(ex : PDO cheeses and olive oil)
-
Distribution of value for olive oil
Purchasing price to farmer
Retail price
GI French oil
Non GI 20 €/l
14 €/l
Milk : purchasing price to producer for PDO Cheeses
Compared to medium price 90 %
35 % 30 %
15 %
5 % -
8,40
12,70
Ex: PDO Nyons olive oil
Which effects on rural development ?
A tool to help isolated rural areas and to maintain farmers in their region of origin :
• 70% of the more isolated French rural areas (14 millions of hectares) are
covered by one or more GI production area.
• GI = 20% of French farmers.
Which effects on rural development ?
A tool to create employment and to develop rural areas…
For a production of 30 M chickens/year
Chicken of Loué (PGI):
• 1000 farmers
• 3000 jobs created (450 in the little
town of Loué)
• using 9 500 hectares of pasture for
breeding poultry and 24 000 ha of
cereals to feed it,
• Improvement of the area :
plantation of 750 000 trees and
1200km of traditional hedge.
Standard chicken
production (chicken bred
inside)
• 150 farmers
• 500 jobs
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1989 1994 1999
Environmental impact : Comté
(PDO cheese)
60
100
140
180
220
260
1989 1994 1999
Specifications on more extensive breeding and on
environment protection.
Non GI area
GI area
Non GI area
GI Area
Use of pesticides per hectare
basis : 100 in 1990 Use of fertilizer per hectare
basis : 100 in 1990
PDO Cévennes sweet onion
A. Guyot/INAO
Protection of lanscape identity
A specific landscape
A specific product
preservation of open spaces, transition between
fields and forests, traditional in Jura breeding areas.
Impact on the landscape
Accessible areas
Mountain of Jura,
open space, AOC
area
Landscape of Hautes
Vosges, out of AOC,
closing area
Landscape of
Haute Saône out
of AOC, closed
area,
- Maintening : hedges, meadows, ponds..
- Preservation of meadow biodiversity
- Preservation of domestic biodiversity :use of local breeds,
varieties..
Ex : PDO Châtaigne d’Ardèche – 65 local
varieties
Preservation of biodiversity
Development of touristic activities
Ex : PDO Olive oil and black olive of Nyons
• Touristic path : ‘Route de l’olivier’
• Direct sale
• Local feasts organised around ‘Olive de Nyons’
• Restaurant agreement
• Local markets
• Dishes created by chefs
3 keys points for quality signs
► group of producers
► rules (specifications)
► verification system
And consumers of course !
Merci de votre attention !
Avez-vous des questions ?
Valérie Keller
Site internet INAO : www.inao.gouv.fr