french revolution. louis xiv louis xvi and marie
TRANSCRIPT
French Revolution
Louis XIV
Louis XVI and Marie
Burden of the Third Estate
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Storming of the Bastille
Declaration of the Rights of Man(August 1789 -Marquis de Lafayette, with the help of
Jefferson) and the August Decrees
Women’s Bread March
The Radical Phase of the Revolution
1791King Accepts Limited Monarchy
Royal Family Arrested
War with Austria
September Massacres
Execution of the King
Robespierre and the Jacobins
Death of Marat (Jacobin Journalist) by a Girondist
Sympathizer• San-cullotte leader• Loose affiliation with
Jacobins• Journalist and
politician
The Reign of Terror and the Thermidorian Revolution
And More Napoleon
French Revolution Foldable• Enlightenment Effects and People –
– How does Enlightenment “cause” the FR?; major key players in the Enlightenment
• French Revolution stages – briefly outline major events and stages generally
• Napoleon’s Rule – how did he come to power?; domestic policies; foreign policies
• French Revolution Effects on the World – – Other rulers in Europe; Democracy?; French
Society; (hint: some are for and against ideas)
Enlightenment People• Voltaire• (Hobbes and Locke)• Montesquieu• Diderot• Rousseau• Catherine the Great of Russia & Frederick
II of Prussia (why these two rulers?)• Also, Marquise de Pompadour,
enlightenment salons, & Mary Wollstonecraft
French Society Prior to the French Revolution
French Revolution
• Mix in: overspending by the Bourbon kings (the “Louisssss”) and absolute rule
• Throw in a little (more like a lot) war debt: Spanish Succession, French and Indian War, American Revolution (no significant French gains)
• Add: a draught and poor harvests (no food)• Top off with: heavy tax burden and few rights for the third
Estate (see DBQ), few/no taxes for the first and second estates
What Do You Get?
• A meeting of the Estates General followed by• Formation of the National Assembly and the Tennis Court Oath
followed by• The Storming of the Bastille and the Great Fear followed by• A Declaration of the Rights of Man and the August Decrees ,
followed by• Women’s Bread March and the King’s return to Paris followed
by • a New Constitution (created by the National Assembly by 1791)
establishing a constitutional monarchy followed by• The September Massacres (Sans-culottes) followed by• A New Constitution (created by the Convention in 1793)
establishing a republic (king executed) followed by• A Committee of Public Safety and a Reign of Terror carried out
by the Jacobins under Robespierre followed by• The Thermidorian Reaction• A New Constitution and a Directory in 1795 (five man
government) followed by……
Emperor Napoleon
…..Napoleon?• 1799 – overthrew the directory, won control by plebecite
(popular vote), declared himself “First Consul” under a new constitution (how many is that?)
• Instituted reforms in agriculture, the economy (national bank), infrastructure, education, freedom of religion and established the “Napoleonic Code” in 1804 which allowed for a more fair justice system (provided equality under the law)
• Abolishes feudal system and grants peasants freedom for manorial duties
• *NOTE – improvements in France came with a price – speech and women’s rights suffered
What’s Good for France is Good for…Everyone?
• Napoleon conquered Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, the German States
• 1810 - crowned himself Dictator for Life , but not for long
• Nationalistic uprisings began to undermine his power, the “Continental System” failed and winter set in in Russia (what?)
• 1812 – Napoleon forced into exile
• Closing of all ports to Great Britain
• Wanted to bankrupt GB in order to increase French
economy• Angers Russia, too
Fall of Napoleon(not in your notes)
• Aura of Invincibility– Military genius; lust for power made him
commit three disastrous mistakes• The Continental System• Guerrilla warfare in Spain
– Tries to put brother on throne; enrages Spanish ppl; lost 300,000 men in 5 yrs
• Invasion of Russia– Tsar Alexander I couldn’t ship to GB;
Napoleon reached Moscow, but too cold and Russian ruthlessly attacked and held on
Hints for the TEST in May
• Know Battle of Austerlitz solidified Napoleon’s reputation as a military genius.
• Focus study time on impact of his conquests on spreading nationalism (remember Germany and other countries)
• Impact on dissolving Holy Roman Empire
Congress of Vienna: Back Where We Started
• 1815 – Balance of Power established in Europe (wars been over for 3 years - why so long to get started?)
• French borders redrawn to their pre-Napoleonic dimensions and old monarchies established thru the policy of “legitimacy”
• Kingdoms established in Poland and the Netherlands• France – back to where it started