freshwater shortages

8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages

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FRESHWATER

SHORTAGES



What is

freshwater?Freshwater is defned as having a

low salt concentration – usually less

than 1%.

It is a naturally occurring water onEarth’s surace in ice sheets, ice

caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs,ponds, laes, rivers, and strea!s.



What is groundwater?

"roundwater is water locatedbeneath the earth’s surace in soilpore spaces and in the ractures oroc or!ation.



Importance of

Groundwater#ural areas are highly dependent in their own

wells to provide all their water needs. $own andcity dwellers are also dependent in groundwateras vast !aority o water supply syste!.

Far!ers use groundwater or irrigating crops and

or their ani!als.&o!!ercial businesses and industries depend on

groundwater or their processes and operations.'ther industries rely on clean groundwater or

the production o electric power, ood,beverages, and !aterial production."roundwater is also very i!portant as it

supplies springs, and !uch o the water in ourponds, !arshland, swa!ps, strea!s, rivers and

bays.



Cause of Groundwater

Depletion Lowering of the Water Table E(cessive pu!ping can lower the groundwatert able, and cause wells to no longer able to reachthe groundwater.

Increased Cost)s the water table lowers, the water !ust bepu!ped arther to reach the surace, using !oreenergy.Reduced Surface Water Supplies

"roundwater and surace water are connected.*hen groundwater is overused, the laes,strea!s, and rivers connected to groundwater canalso have their supply di!inished.



!eople Lac" #ccess to

$reshwater due to%*ater ollution*ater pollution is the conta!ination o the

bodies o water. It occurs when pollutants aredirectly or indirectly into water bodies without

ade-uate treat!ent to re!ove har!ulco!pounds.

*ater conta!inationWater contamination is the ter! used to

describe ha/ardous !aterials o any indthat are polluting a source o water.



GR&'(D W#T)R

C&(T#*I(#TI&(



S&'RC)S &$ GR&'(DW#T)RC&(T#*I(#TI&(

(atural Resources0o!e substances ound naturally in rocs orsoils can beco!e dissolved in ground water.'ther naturally occurring substances, such asdecaying organic !atter, can !ove in ground

water as particles. Septic Sstems

'ne o the !ain causes o ground waterconta!ination is the euent 2out3ow4 ro! septic

tans, cesspools, and privies. Improper Disposal of +a,ardous Waste

5a/ardous waste should always be disposed o properly, that is to say, by a licensed ha/ardouswaste handler or through !unicipal ha/ardouswaste collection days.



Sewers and &ther !ipelines0ewer pipes carrying wastes so!eti!es lea

3uidsinto the surrounding soil and ground water.

!esticide and $ertili,er 'seFar!ers, ho!eowners, businesses 2e.g., gol

courses4, utilities, and !unicipalities use theseche!icals. ) nu!ber o these pesticides andertili/ers 2so!e highly to(ic4 have entered andconta!inated groundwater.

Drainage Wells7rainage wells are used in wet areas to help

drainwater and transport it to deeper soils. $hese

wells!ay contain agricultural che!icals and



#cti0e Drin"ing Water Suppl Wellsoorly constructed wells can result in groundwater conta!ination. &onstruction proble!s

allow outside water and any acco!panyingconta!inants to 3ow into the well. !oorl Constructed Irrigation Wells

$hese wells can allow conta!inants to enter

ground water. 'ten pesticides and ertili/ers areapplied in the i!!ediate vicinity o wells on

agricultural land.*ining #cti0ities

)ctive and abandoned !ines can contribute toground water conta!ination. recipitation can

leach soluble !inerals ro! the !ine wasteslevels higher than !a(i!u! conta!inant levelsor health advisory levels.



!eople Lac" #ccess to

$reshwater

11 % o the globalpopulation, or 89: !illionpeople, are still without

access i!proved sourceso drining water.0ource; <= >?1>

$he @A suggests that each person needs >?BC?litres o water a day to ensure their basic needs ordrining, cooing and cleaning.0ource; *orld *ater )ssess!ent rogra!!e2**)4



Water Scarcit*ater scarcity can be defned as a condition in

which people lac suDcient water or else do nothave access to sae water supplies.



!hsical water scarcit is the situationwhere there is not enough water to !eet all

de!ands, including that neededor ecosyste!s to unction e6ectively.

)conomic water scarcit is caused by alac o invest!ent in water or insuDcienthu!an capacity to satisy the de!and orwater.

Water StressWater stress is the diDculty o obtaining

sources o resh water or use, because o

depleting resources.



)1ects of #griculture to WaterShortage

freshwater shortages

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