PsychoanalysisFreud and Jung

Definition Method of mind investigation – especially

unconscious “A therapeutic method, originated by

Sigmund Freud, for treating mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the patient's mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind, using techniques such as dream interpretation and free association” (Oxford English Dictionary)

Some basic concepts of Psychoanalysis

Human behaviour is affected by irrational drives - the unconscious

Attempts to bring unconscious material into awareness meet resistance in the form of defence mechanisms:

Events in early childhood influence such mechanisms

Conflicts between conscious view of reality and unconscious (repressed) material = mental disturbances

Liberation from the effects of the unconscious material is achieved through bringing this into consciousness

Freud: Free association, dreams and

transference: Patient puts into words, without

censorship, whatever thoughts enter head

Patient helps him or herself – solve their own problems

Dreams Freud turned dreams into an object of scrutiny

and developed a theory for interpreting them The Interpretation of Dreams: dreams express

current wishes as well as unfulfilled childhood desires

Freud believed all problems originate from unresolved conflicts in childhood

Dream-work: Condensation: different ideas – single image Displacement: disturbing – less disturbing Representation: thoughts – images Symbolization: object- sexual life

Transference This concept refers to the way in

which a client or patient attributes to the analyst the attitudes and characteristics of important childhood figures

Ego, super-ego and id Id Present from birth Unconscious Driven by pleasure principle, which strives for immediate

gratification of all desires, wants, and needs

The Ego Dealing with reality Functions in conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind

Super-ego Internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from

both parents and society--our sense of right and wrong Making judgements

The Interaction of the Id, Ego and Superego According to Freud, the key to a healthy personality is a

balance between the id, the ego, and the superego

Jung Form of psychotherapy in which the

analyst and patient work together to increase the patient’s consciousness

Treat depression and anxiety

Assists psychological growth

Realignment of conscious and unconscious aspects of the personality

Aspects of the Psyche Psyche Ego - centre of consciousness Self - centre of whole psyche Analytic work moves beyond ego and seeks to

establish a relationship between ego and self

Persona Social identity that we identify with the ego We are much more than the social roles we may play

and can move beyond them

Shadow Unconscious aspects of our personality that have

been lost, rejected or never integrated. If identified - less likely to blame others for our

problems

Anima and Animus

Two other fundamental archetypes in the unconscious

Inner feminine side of a man – Anima

Inner masculine side of a woman – Animus

When conscious of these figures, they can promote and support new aspects of thinking, feeling and expression

When figures remain unconscious, they can sabotage efforts for growth and fulfilment

Goals of Jungian Psychoanalysis

Coming to terms with the unconscious

Appreciating the experience (journey) of exploring the unconscious

Working towards self-realisation through dreams

Develop a way to evaluate things symbolically