friction affects motion
DESCRIPTION
Friction Affects Motion. Static. Friction. Friction. is a force that opposes the motion between two surfaces that are in contact There are two types STATIC friction: opposes the start of motion between two surfaces that are not in relative motion. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
FrictionAffects Motion
Static
Friction is a force that opposes the
motion between two surfaces that are in contact
There are two types STATIC friction: opposes the start of motion
between two surfaces that are not in relative motion.
KINETIC friction: the force between two surfaces that are in relative motion. It always acts in the opposite direction to the motion of the object.
Friction
Static friction is ALWAYS
bigger than kinetic friction
Friction
Flat Surface FrictionEx: 1 A westward force of 50 N is applied to a 50 kg mass resting
on a surface that will exert a frictional force of 16 N. If the force is applied for 5 seconds, what is the resulting velocity?
Fnet = ma34 N [W] = (50kg)(a)a = 0.68 m/s2
a = vf – vi
tFnet = Fa + FfFnet = 50 N [W] + 16
N [E]Fnet = 34 N [W]
3.4 m/s [W]
Flat Surface FrictionEx 2: A 30 kg mass is dragged over a surface with a frictional
force of 12 N by pulling on a rope attached to the mass. The rope makes an angle of 30o to the horizontal and the applied force is 60 N. What is the resulting acceleration?Vertical No acceleration
HorizontalFnet = Ff + Fa(h)
Fnet = -12 N + (cos30 • 60)Fnet = 39.96 N (in the positive
direction)
Fnet = ma39.96 = (30)(a)a = 1.3 m/s2
Flat Surface FrictionEx 3: The magnitude of the applied
force in Figure 3.71 is 165 N and 30.0o. If the desk remains stationary, calculate the force of static friction acting on the desk.
Desk is stationary so …Fnet = 0 in both x and y
HORIZONTALFnet = Fa + Ff0 = (165)(cos 30.0) + FfFf = - 143 N [horizontal]
Calculating
Friction Friction is directly proportional to
the weight of an object (FN)
Nf FF
f NF F
fF
= force due to friction (N) = coefficient of friction
NF
= normal force (N)
= the Greek letter “mu”
“mew”
The coefficient of friction is a number (no units) that depends on the two surfaces in contact. The larger the number is, the more “sticky” the situation. So, a very slippery surface (ice) would have a low coefficient of friction.
0.06 – 0.20
0.8 – 1.2
1.0 – 1.6
Calculating
FrictionEx 4: A 12 kg piece of wood is placed on top of another piece of
wood. There is 35 N of maximum static friction measured between them. Determine the coefficient of friction between the two pieces of wood.
FN = Fg = mgFN = (12 kg)(9.84m/s2)FN = 1.2x 102 N
Ff = μ FN
35 N = (μ)(1.2 x 102 N)μ = 0.30
0.30
Calculating
FrictionEx 5: What frictional force must be overcome to start a 50 kg
object sliding across a surface with a static coefficient of friction equal to 0.35?
FN = Fg = mgFN = (50 kg)(9.84m/s2)FN = 490.5 N
Ff = μ FN
Ff = (0.35)(490.5 N)Ff = 171.675 N
1.7 x 102 N
Calculating
FrictionEx 6: A 10 kg box is dragged over a horizontal surface by a force
of 40 N. If the box moves with a constant speed of 0.5 m/s, what is the coefficient of kinetic friction for the surface?
0.41
Calculating
FrictionEx 7: A 10 kg box is dragged across a level floor with a force of
60 N. The force is applied at an angle of 30o above the horizontal. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20, what is the acceleration of the box?
3.2 m/s2