friction reduction in salt water based drilling · 5/19/2020 · - overcoming formation pressures...

Dr. Andy Sun, Business Manager, Household, Institutional and Industrial Products

Friction Reduction in Salt Water Based Drilling

Contents

• Drilling fluid, types and functions• High efficiency phospholipid lubricants • New phospholipid surfactants for highly effective friction reduction

CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 2

Drilling Fluid (Drilling Mud) and Its Functions• Definition of Drilling Fluid (by The American Petroleum Institute)

- Drilling fluid is a circulating fluid used in rotary drilling to perform any or all of the various functions required in drilling operations

• Functions and Requirements - Removing cuttings from the hole- Cleaning the hole bottom- Cooling and lubricating the bit and drill pipe- Preventing cuttings settling in the hole and surface pits- Deposition of impermeable wall cake to prevent fluid loss- Overcoming formation pressures to prevent ingress of oil, gas or water.- Reduce excessive wear of drilling equipment - Safe to operation personnel - No harm to environment, no unusual or expensive methods of completion of the drilled hole



*Source: American Oil and Gas Reporterhttps://www.aogr.com/magazine/cover-story/new-solutions-practices-redefining-cutting-edge-in-fluids-technology

Important Properties of Drilling Fluids• Specific weight• Particle size and shape• Colloidal properties• Flow properties• Filtration properties• pH and alkalinity stability• Temperature stability• Cation exchange capacity• Electrical conductivity• Lubricity• Corrosivity


Water-Based (WBM) vs. Oil-Based (OBM) Drilling Mud • Advantages

- Less damaging to the formation media - Onsite disposal of cuttings- Safer to personnel: OBM has hazardous vapors which will cause health problem to the working personnel. OBM

vapor can irritate worker's skin- Lower impact to the environment: OBM and the cutting generated during drilling with OBM are considered as

toxic waste therefore it cannot be disposed directly into the environment unless treated well to meet the local regulations. Needs a good waste management while drilling with oil base mud.

- Lower cost: Cost of WBM is much lower than most OBMs in terms of cost per barrel• Disadvantage

- Lower lubrication causes increase in torque and drag - Stuck pipes in complex wells due to less lubrication- Swell shale formation, collapse boreholes and impact drilling outcome in the shale formation drilling (oil-based

mud can support the shale formation, cannot penetrate into tiny organic and non-organic pores under the capillary pressure.)

- Block the layers of very low permeability and influence the capability to produce hydrocarbon CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 6

Relative Mud Cost Index vs. Relative Damage Index (to producing zone)


Water-Based Drilling Muds• Freshwater-based (chloride content below 5,000 milligrams/liter)

- Too easy to wet shale formations and can accelerate wellbore collapse, depending on the characteristics of the shale formation

• Seawater-based- Low cost and logistics dictate for off-shore drilling, especially in top-hole drilling, and maybe in

intermediate pipe setting- Seawater salinity and salt makeup varying from location to location throughout the world

• Brine solution-based- Along with a variety of shale stabilizing additives, slow the water wetting of shales to delay associated

wellbore stability problems- Minimize excessive solids buildup in the mud, which contributes to contamination problems that cause

high equivalent circulating densities (ECDs), lower penetration rates, bit balling, and contamination issues such as high gel strengths and excessive circulating pressure drops

- Control mud weight and clay inhibition to enhance high-performance


Brine Solutions Used to Enhance Performance


Common Lubricants Used in Aqueous Based Drilling Fluids• Solid materials: glass beads, graphite, etc• Hydrocarbons: ploy alpha olefins, terpenes, etc• Synthetic and natural oils: glycols, glycol ethers, fatty acid esters, etc• Surfactants: aluminum stereates, phosphate esters, alcohol alkoxylates

polyalkylglucoside, etcIssues: high usage, less brine solubility, caustic/acid stability


An Industry Benchmark Lubricant in Friction Reduction


R, R’: C6-25 Hydrocarbon groups; A: Any suitable anions from inorganic or organic acids

*Phospholipid Chemistries of High Lubricity for Drilling

A Patent and Technology Review (US 7,094,738 B2)by M.I. LLC (A Schlumberger Company), Aug 2006

Industry Benchmark


Performance Attributes of Industry Benchmark- Reduce the coefficient of friction in seawater, sodium chloride, sodium bromide,

calcium chloride, calcium bromide completion fluid- Reduce torque and drag up to 50% in extremely low concentrations in field

applications (0.6% by volume, or 1 drum per 218 barrels). Ideal for high angle and extended-reach wells

- Can be added before fluid passes through a DE filter press or cartridge unit, and not removed by filtration process

- Not damaging to formation- Not elevate completion fluid oil and grease value at up to 10x of recommended

concentration- Does not contribute a sheen- Soluble in most completion brines- Not affecting filtration process by addition to brines CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY 13

Case Reports on Industry Benchmark• North Slope, Alaska, USA

• Reduced upweight from 36-40K to 32K, so was able to run coil another 1429fts

• Offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE• Helped drill record daily footage “best lubricants for the mud system for a lower completion

assembly was run to bottom over a 10,000 ft horizontal without issue”


Cola®Drill 300 & 400

(Patent Pending)


NEW Naturally Derived High Caustic Stable Brine Lubricants

New High Alkaline Stable Phospholipid Chemistries


Biomimetic Phospholipid Complex

(Patent Pending)

Cola®Drill 300 & 400 Specifications• LISTINGS US (TSCA), Canada (NDSL), China (IECSC/IECIC),

Korea (KECI), Taiwan (NECI)


Cola®Drill 300 Cola®Drill 400

Appearance, 25°C Clear to slightly hazy liquid Clear to slightly hazy liquid

% Solids 35.5-37.5 7.3-7.8

pH, 25oC 5 – 7 (@10%) 6.6 (as is)

Color, Gardner ‘98 3 Max. 2 MaxCola®Drill 300

Performance Specs


Cola®Drill 300 Cola®Drill 400

Foam, Ross-Miles, (1% active)

Immediate 175 mm 155 mm

1 min 160 mm 135 mm

5 mins 150 mm 120 mm

Draves Wetting, 1% active 18 sec 18 secSolubility in Caustic

5% Product 40% NaOH 40% NaOH

Antimicrobial Performance


TEST METHOD: OFI Digital Lubricity Tester (3rd Party Testing)


• Designed to simulate the speed of rotation of the drill pipe and the pressure with which the pipe bears against the wall of the bore hole

• The standard lubricity coefficient test is run at 60 rpm with 150 in-lb of torque force is applied to two hardened steel surfaces, a rotating ring and a stationary block.

• Cola®Drill 400 concentration: 0.6% by volume

0%

15%

30%

45%

60%

75%

90%To

rque

Red

uctio

n(%

)0.6% Safe-Lube 0.6% ColaDrill 400

Figure 1. Percent Torque Reduction Comparison (60 rpm with 150 in-lb of force at 72oF)

Better

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40Co

effic

ient o

f Fric

tion

(CoF

)Brine Only 0.6% Safe-Lube 0.6% ColaDrill 400

Figure 2. Coefficient of Friction (CoF) Comparison (60 rpm with 150 in-lb of force at 72oF)

Better

Brine Only 0.6% Industry Benchmark 0.6% ColaDrill 400

CoF CoF (as reported) CoF

Seawater ASTM D1141 0.36 0.08 0.05

Seawater + 3% KCl 0.37 0.09 0.04

9.0 ppg KCl 0.38 0.08 0.03

10.0 ppg NaCl 0.37 0.08 0.07

10.7 ppg CaCl2 0.26 0.13 0.09

11.6 ppg CaCl2 0.09 0.08 0.07

11.2 ppg CaCl2/CaBr2 0.11 0.09 0.05

12.2 ppg CaBr2 0.15 0.04 0.07

Coefficient of Friction (CoF) ( measured at 60 rpm with 150 in-lb of force at 72oF)

Cola®Drill 300/400 Take Away• Patented Technologies• Designed to reduce the coefficient of friction

in seawater, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, calcium chloride, and calcium bromide drilling or completion fluids

• Highly efficient in reducing torque and drag in drilling in extreme pH and high temperatures

• Broad antimicrobial spectrum• Plant derived starting raw materials• Mild to eye and skin contact, safer than many

existing lubricants for operation personnel• Prop 65 free and safer for the environment


Product Portfolio for Oilfield Applications• Cola®Drill: Phospholipid lubricants and friction reducers in water-based drilling

ColaDrill 300, 400 (NEW, Patent Pending)• Cola®Fax: Phosphate esters for lubrication in high electrolyte solutions• Suga®Fax: Naturally derived APG phosphate esters lubricants for high electrolyte solutions• Cola®Shale: Water-soluble shale stabilizers • Cola®Teric: Hydroxysultanes for flowback in water-based drilling• Cola®Cor: Corrosion inhibitors for water and oil-based drilling• Cola®Mid: DEA amides• Cola®Liquid: DEA-Free amides• Cola®Dol: ColaDol 900 for degreasing and AEO lubricants(?)• Cola®Terge: ColaTerge LWS (new) paraffin wax stripper• Cola®Mulse: ColaMulse D356, emulsifier for kerosene cleaners• Cola®Dry: ColaDry N4 microemulsion of mineral seal oil


Questions? [email protected]@colonialchem.comDaniel.McCaul@colonialchem.comwww.colonialchem.comBrochures, Formulas, TDS, SDS

Thank you!

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friction reduction in salt water based drilling · 5/19/2020 · - overcoming formation pressures...

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