friends calendar 2012

8/3/2019 Friends Calendar 2012

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T R A C T A S S O C I A T I O N O F F R I E N D S

1 5 0 1 C h e r r y S t r e e t

P h i l a d e l p h i a , P A 1 9 1 0 2 - 1 4 0 3 www.tractassociation.org

2012

Friends’ Calendar

To my dear friends whom the Lord by his Eternal Spirit is gathering out of the

World into the Covenant of Life, to be of one heart and mind and soul. Let

all wait in that which is pure and invisible that each one of you in particular

may know the pure teachings of Christ, and that you may receive nothing but

that which speaks from the Eternal moving of the living God. Stand single in

that which is pure of God, and refuse for your teachers those who have the

words of truth, but have not the life and power of what they say.

In the power of the living God wait until that which hungers after God

receives living nurture and nourishment from God. Dwelling in that which is

invisible you, will grow up into eternal life, and like tender plants you will

bring forth fruit. Keep your minds in the Light and your discerning will grow

as the Light doth arise and spring up in you. Wait in that which hath

convinced you, and the Light will be your teacher, and you will come to

discern between the clean and unclean; between that which is of God and that

which is contrary to Him. Here is the true discovery, and in the Light you can

watch over the souls of one another. Dwell in the mighty power of God, and

in triumph over the world and all the deceits of it.

Richard Hubberthorne, ca. 1655



Quotations for the 2012 Friends’ Calendar are taken from Scripture (King James Version) unless otherwis

indicated and from the writings of Friends (Quakers) or those writings Friends might do well to consider. We hop

these citations will lead to further reflection and study, with consideration of spiritual and historic context.

Moon phases are from Fred Espenak, Phases of the Moon: 2001-2100. Greenbelt, MD: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Cente

http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/phase/phasecat.html. Dates are adjusted for Eastern Standard Time from Greenwich Mean Time

Cover. Richard Hubberthorn[e]. An Epistle from Norwich Castle, ca. 1655 in Little Book of Selections from the Children of the Lighcompiled and edited by Rufus M. Jones. London: Headley Brothers, [1909]; pp. 45-46.

First Month: Tom Mullen. Shared Ministry: lecture at Cincinnati Friends in Preface to a Quaker Ministry . Indianapolis IN: Joh

Woolman Press, Inc., 1965; p. 4.

Second Month: Isaac Penington. XI. Concerning Separation from the Spirit and Ways of the World; A Few Experiences, concerning some of t

Weighty Things relating to God's Everlasting Kingdom in Works of the long-mournful and sorely-distressed Isaac Penington (Volume London: J. Phillips 1874; p. 279. Digital Quaker Collection. (See also Works of Isaac Penington , Glenside PA: Quaker Heritage Pre1997, v. 4, p. 226.)

Elfrida Vipont Foulds Preface to A Ridiculous Idea in Imagination and Spirit , J. Brent Bill, editor. Richmond IN: Friends Unit

Press, 2002; p. 84.

Third Month: John Woolman: The Journal and Major Essays of John Woolman edited by Phillips P. Moulton. Richmond IN: Frien

United Press, 1989; p. 31.

Fourth Month: Marmaduke Stephens in Little Book of Selections from the Children of the Light ; compiled and edited by Rufus M

Jones. London: Headley Brothers, 1909; p. 84.

Fifth Month: Maurice A. Creasey. In Collected Essays of Maurice Creasey, 1912-2004: the Social Thought of a Quaker Thinker . Dav

Johns, editor. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2011; p. xxxviii.

Sixth Month: Richard Ransom, 1716 in Piety Promoted . Philadelphia PA: Friends Bookstore, 1854; v. 2, p. 120.

Seventh Month: Margaret Fell. Letter to prisoners in Lancaster Castle, 1654; in Undaunted Zeal , Elsa F. Glines, editor. Richmond IN: FrienUnited Press, 2003; p. 98.

Eighth Month: Dougan Clark. The Theology of Holiness. Boston MA: The McDonald & Gill Co., 1893; p. 43. Digital QuakCollection.

Ninth Month: Elizabeth Stirredge, 1634-1706 cited in Elise Boulding One Small Plot of Heaven : Reflections on Family Life by a QuakSociologist. Wallingford PA: Pendle Hill Publications. 1989; p. 134. (See also Elizabeth Stirredge Strength in Weakness Manifest in t

life … of Elizabeth Stirredge, London: J. Sowle; 1711; p. 37. Digital Quaker Collection.)

Tenth Month: Job Scott, 1793 in Journal of the Life, Travels and Gospel Labours of that Faithful Servant and Minister of Christ, Job

Scott . New York: Isaac Collins; 1797; p. 346. Digital Quaker Collection.

Eleventh Month: Dorothy White. A Trumpet Sounded out of the Holy City, proclaiming Deliverance to the Captives, Sounding forth the Redempti

of Sion … London: D.W., 1662; p. 8. Digital Quaker Collection. (See also Hidden in Plain Sight: Quaker Women’s Writings 165

1700 ; Mary Garman, et al. editors. Wallingford PA: Pendle Hill Publications, 1996; p. 141.)

Twelfth Month: Richenda C. Scott. Elizabeth Cadbury 1858-1951 . London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd., 1955; p. 160.

The calendar committee thanks Noah Baker Merrill, Victoria Burke, David Johns, Marshall Massey and Mark Wutka for their assistance compiling quotations for this year’s calendar, and Ann Upton of the Quaker Collections of Haverford College for providing hospital

and assistance during the times we met for discernment. We are grateful for Anita Weber’s editorial assistance in preparing the 20

Friends Calendar, and Earlham School of Religion, which provides the Digital Quaker Collection (DQC). http://esr.earlham.edu/dqc/



2012 Friends’ Calendar

First Month

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

1 2 3 4 5 6 7FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D AY

SECOND MONTH T WELFTH MONTH

1 2 3

5 6 7 8 9 10

12 13 14 15 16 17

19 20 21 22 23 24

26 27 28 29 30 31

4

11

18

25

And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another

Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever; Even the Spirit

of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him

not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth

with you, and shall be in you.

John 14: 16-17

1 2 3

6 7 8 9 10

13 14 15 16 17

20 21 22 23 24

27 28 29

5

12

19

26

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

MOON PHASES

First Qtr. 1

Full Moon 9

Last Qtr. 16

New Moon 23

First Qtr. 30

We believe that there is no clear-cut distinctio

between the sacred and the secular in th

experiences of life.

Tom Mullen, 196




Second Month

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 2 3 4FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D AY

THIRD MONTH FIRST MONTH

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2

6 7 8 9

13 14 15 16

20 21 22 23

27 28 29 30

5

12

19

26

4

11

18

25

New Moon

Last Qtr.

Full Moon

First Qtr.

How precious it is to feel God seeking, God gathering, God

separating, God teaching, leading, drawing! … God may begin the

separation, and another wisdom may step in, and carry it on, out

of the limits of the sweet, innocent Spirit... Oh, blessed is he who

is separated by the Lord from all that is not of him! But he that ...

only by a literal knowledge separateth himself, he differeth from

others but in the outward form and appearance of godliness; but is

one in nature and ground with those whom he separateth from.

Isaac Penington, 1671

26 27 28 29 Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one

A nd thou shalt love the LORD thy God with

all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with

all thy might.

Deut. 6: 4-5 (NIV)

Happy is the artist, the

philosopher, the scientist, or

the theologian who recognizes

that all Truth is one.

Elfrida Vipont Foulds 1902-1992

MOON PHASES

Full Moon 7

Last Qtr. 14

New Moon 21

First Qtr. 29




Third Month

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

1 2 3FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

SECOND MONTH FOURTH MONTH

3 4 5 6

10 11 12 13

17 18 19 20

24 25 26 27

2

9

16

23

30

1

8

15

22

29

With what shall I come before the Lord

and bow down before the exalted God?

...

He has showed you, O man, what is good.

And what does the Lord require of you?

To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.

Micah 6: 6, 8 (NIV)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

MOON PHASES

Full Moon 8

New Moon 22

First Qtr. 30

Last Qtr. 14

1 2 3

5 6 7 8 9 10

12 13 14 15 16 17

19 20 21 22 23 24

26 27 28 29

4

11

18

25

From an inward purifying, and steadfast abiding

under it, springs a lively operative desire for the

good of others...Wherever men are true minis-

ters of Jesus Christ, it is from the operation of

his spirit upon their hearts. John Woolman ca.1742




Fourth Month

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1 2 3 4 5 6 7FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

29 30

THIRD MONTH FIFTH MONTH

1 2 3 4

8 9 10 11

15 16 17 18

22 23 24 25

29 30 31

7

14

21

28

6

13

20

27

MOON PHASES

For the Lord said unto me immediately by his Spirit, That he

would be a Husband to my Wife, and as a Father to my Children,

and they should not want in my Absence, for he would provide for

them when I was gone. And I believed that the Lord would

perform what he had spoken, because I was made willing to give up

myself to his Work and Service..., under the Shadow of his Wings,

who has made us willing to lay down our Lives for his own name

Sake. Marmaduke Stephens ? -1659

1 2 3

6 7 8 9 10

13 14 15 16 17

20 21 22 23 24

27 28 29 30 31

5

12

19

26

4

11

18

25

MOON PHASES

Full Moon 6

Last Qtr. 13

New Moon 21

First Qtr. 29

He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings sha

thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler. Thou sha

not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flie

by day; Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor f

the destruction that wasteth at noonday. Psalm 91: 4-6




Fifth Month

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1 2 3 4 5FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

27 28 29 30 31

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

FOURTH MONTH SIXTH MONTH

1

5 6 7 8

12 13 14 15

19 20 21 22

26 27 28 29

4

11

18

25

3

10

17

24

MOON PHASES

A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have

loved you, so you must love one another. By this all men

will know that you are my disciples...

John 13: 34-35 (NIV)

Full Moon 5

Last Qtr. 12

New Moon 20

First Qtr. 28

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30

What matters is that you and

love each other.

Maurice A. Creasey 1912-200




Sixth Month

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

1 2FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

FIFTH MONTH SEVENTH MONTH

Endeavor to delight in silence. Worship the Lord in the silence of

all flesh. Retire in your own families from the clutter and hurries

of business of the world, and wait upon the Lord in stillness; for

the Lord will have a willing people.

Richard Ransom, 1716

1 2 3 4 5

8 9 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 19

22 23 24 25 26

29 30 31

7

14

21

28

6

13

20

27

3 4 5 6

10 11 12 13

17 18 19 20

24 25 26 27

31

2

9

16

23

30

1

8

15

22

29

MOON PHASES Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not,neither do they spin: And yet I say unto you, That evenSolomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.

Matthew 6: 28-29

Full Moon 4

Last Qtr. 11

New Moon 19

First Qtr. 26




Seventh Month

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1 2 3 4 5 6 7FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

29 30 31

SIXTH MONTH EIGHTH MONTH

MOON PHASES

Full Moon 3

Last Qtr. 10

New Moon 18

First Qtr. 26

1 2

5 6 7 8 9

12 13 14 15 16

19 20 21 22 23

26 27 28 29 30

4

11

18

25

3

10

17

24

1 2 3

7 8 9 10

14 15 16 17

21 22 23 24

28 29 30 31

6

13

20

27

5

12

19

26

My dear Hearts, be faithful in every Particular to your own

Measure of Grace, made manifest and enjoyed; and in that

which is Eternal, wait continually, I charge you in the

presence of the Living God, that you do not neglect your

several Measures which the Lord God of Life and Power hath

given you to profit withal; that so you may come to receive

Living Vertue from the Living God.

Margaret Fell, 1654

The kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into

far country, who called his own servants, and deliered unto them his goods. And unto one he gavfive talents, to another two, and to another one; every man according to his several ability...

Matthew 25: 14-1




Eighth Month

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 2 3 4 FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D AY

26 27 28 29 30 31

SEVENTH MONTH NINTH MONTH

MOON PHASE

Your consecration is not to God's service, not to His work, not

to a life of obedience and sacrifice, not to the church, not to the

Christian Endeavor, … not to any organization, not to the cause

of God; it is to God Himself. “Yield yourselves unto God.” It is,

therefore, a personal transaction between a personal human

being and a personal God. Your work, your obedience, your

sacrifice, your right place and your allotted duty, will all follow

in due time. Dougan Clark, 1893

To every thing there is a season, and a time toevery purpose under the heaven: A time to beborn, and a time to die; a time to plant, and atime to pluck up that which is planted; … a timeto keep silence, and a time to speak;

Ecclesiastes 3: 1-2, 7

3 4 5 6 7

10 11 12 13 14

17 18 19 20 21

24 25 26 27 28

31

2

9

16

23

30

1

8

15

22

29

4 5 6 7

11 12 13 14

18 19 20 21

25 26 27 28

3

10

17

24

2

9

16

23

30

Full Moon

Last Qtr.

New Moon 1

First Qtr. 2

Full Moon 3




Ninth Month

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

24 25 26 27 28 29

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1

EIGHTH MONTH TENTH MONTH

2 3 4 5

9 10 11 12

16 17 18 19

23 24 25 26

30 31

1

8

15

22

29

7

14

21

28

I could get no rest, but in giving up to obey the Lord in all things thathe required of me; ... yet the Lord made hard things easy, according toHis promise to me, when I was going from my children, and knew notbut my life might be required for my testimony, it was so plain; and when I looked upon my children, my heart yearned towards them.These words ran through me, "If thou canst believe, thou shalt see allthings accomplished, and thou shalt return in peace, and thy rewardshall be with thee." Elizabeth Stirredge, 1634-1706

1 2 3 4

7 8 9 10 11

14 15 16 17 18

21 22 23 24 25

28 29 30 31

6

13

20

27

5

12

19

26

23

MOON PHASES

Last Qtr. 8

New Moon 15

First Qtr. 22

Full Moon 29

Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my

yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest

unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.

Matthew 11: 28-30

30



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Tenth Month

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1 2 3 4 5 6FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

28 29 30 31

NINTH MONTH ELEVENTH MONTH

There is an Eternal arm underneath each of us, which is sufficient

to bear up and support, and will do it as far as it is needful we

should be supported. I have long been confirmed in the sentiment,

that nothing could possibly happen, that would harm or injure me,

while I keep under the Divine influence.

Job Scott, 1793

This is what I seek: that I may dwell in thhouse of the Lord all the days of my life … Foin the day of trouble he will keep me safe in hdwelling; he will hide me in the shelter of htabernacle and set me high upon a rock.

Psalm 27: 4-5 (NIV

1

4 5 6 7 8

11 12 13 14 15

18 19 20 21 22

25 26 27 28 29

3

10

17

24

2

9

16

23

30

1 2

6 7 8 9

13 14 15 16

20 21 22 23

27 28 29 30

5

12

19

26

4

11

18

25

MOON PHASES

Last Qtr. 8

New Moon 15

First Qtr. 21

Full Moon 29




Eleventh Month

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

TENTH MONTH T WELFTH MONTH

4 5 6 7

11 12 13 14

18 19 20 21

25 26 27 28

3

10

17

24

2

9

16

23

30 31

MOON PHASES

2 3 4 5 6

9 10 11 12 13

16 17 18 19 20

23 24 25 26 27

30 31

1

8

15

22

29

7

14

21

28

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Arise O Seed of Sion, arise in thy Beauty, in the Glory, in the

Brightness, in the Majesty of the Most High; I say, Arise in the

Power, and in the Authority of the King of Glory, whose day is

come wherein you Children and Seed of Abraham shall shine

forth, in the beauty, in the excellency of the Most High.

Dorothy White, 1662

Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the LORD isrisen upon thee. For behold, the darkness shall cover the earth,and gross darkness the people: but the LORD shall arise uponthee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee... Then thou shalt see,and flow together, and thine heart shall fear, and be enlarged…

Isaiah 60: 1-2, 5

Last Qtr.

New Moon

First Qtr. 2

Full Moon 2



2012 Friends’ CalendarTwelfth Month

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

FIRST D AY SECOND D AY THIRD D AY FOURTH D AY FIFTH D AY SIXTH D AY SEVENTH D A

25 26 27 28 29

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1

ELEVENTH MONTH FIRST MONTH

1 2 3 4

8 9 10 11

15 16 17 18

22 23 24 25

29 30 31

7

14

21

28

6

13

20

27

1 2 3

6 7 8 9 10

13 14 15 16 17

20 21 22 23 24

27 28 29 30

4

11

18

25

5

12

19

26

The God whom the thinkers and dreamers of the centuries were

pursuing, stands at last revealed in the person of a Man, one of

ourselves, with human form, human desires and affections and

temptations… Not only by words, but by His life, He showed forth

the love, the pity, the strength, the purity and the righteousness of

God.

Elizabeth Cadbury, ca. 1940

MOON PHASES Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou not known me …? he thathath seen me hath seen the Father; and how sayest thou then, Shew us theFather? Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that dwelleth inme, he doeth the works.

John 14: 9-10

30 31

23 24

Last Qtr. 6

New Moon 13

First Qtr. 20

Full Moon 28



2012

2013

FIRST MONTH

FIRST MONTH

SECOND MONTH

SECOND MONTH

THIRD MONTH

THIRD MONTH

FOURTH MONTH

FOURTH MONTH

FIFTH MONTH

FIFTH MONTH

SIXTH MONTH

SIXTH MONTH

SEVENTH MONTH

SEVENTH MONTH

EIGHTH MONTH

EIGHTH MONTH

NINTH MONTH

NINTH MONTH

TENTH MONTH

TENTH MONTH

ELEVENTH

MONTH

ELEVENTH MONTH

TWELFTH MONTH

TWELFTH MONTH

1

3 4 5 6 7 8

10 11 12 13 14 15

17 18 19 20 21 22

24 25 26 27 28 29

2

9

16

23

30

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

3 4 5 6 7

10 11 12 13 14

17 18 19 20 21

24 25 26 27 28

2

9

16

23

1

8

15

22

29 30 31

1 2 3

6 7 8 9 10

13 14 15 16 17

20 21 22 23 24

27 28 29 30

5

12

19

26

4

11

18

25

1 2 3 4

6 7 8 9 10 11

13 14 15 16 17 18

20 21 22 23 24 25

27 28 29 30 31

5

12

19

26

1 2 3 4 5

8 9 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 19

22 23 24 25 26

29 30 31

7

14

21

28

6

13

20

27

1 2 3 4

7 8 9 10 11

14 15 16 17 18

21 22 23 24 25

28 29

6

13

20

27

5

12

19

26

2 3 4 5 6 7

9 10 11 12 13 14

16 17 18 19 20 21

23 24 25 26 27 28

30

1

8

15

22

29

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30

1 2 3 4 5

8 9 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 19

22 23 24 25 26

29 30 31

7

14

21

28

6

13

20

27

1 2 3 4 5

8 9 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 19

22 23 24 25 26

29 30 31

7

14

21

28

6

13

20

27

1 2 3

5 6 7 8 9 10

12 13 14 15 16 17

19 20 21 22 23 24

26 27 28 29 30 31

4

11

18

25

1 2 3

5 6 7 8 9 10

12 13 14 15 16 17

19 20 21 22 23 24

26 27 28 29 30 31

4

11

18

25

3 4 5 6 7

10 11 12 13 14

17 18 19 20 21

24 25 26 27 28

2

9

16

23

1

8

15

22

29 30 31

1 2 3 4

7 8 9 10 11

14 15 16 17 18

21 22 23 24 25

28 29 30 31

6

13

20

27

5

12

19

26

1

3 4 5 6 7 8

10 11 12 13 14 15

17 18 19 20 21 22

24 25 26 27 28 29

2

9

16

23

30

1

3 4 5 6 7 8

10 11 12 13 14 15

17 18 19 20 21 22

24 25 26 27 28 29

2

9

16

23

30 31

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

3 4 5 6 7

10 11 12 13 14

17 18 19 20 21

24 25 26 27 28

2

9

16

23

1

8

15

22

29 30

3 4 5 6 7

10 11 12 13 14

17 18 19 20 21

24 25 26 27 28

2

9

16

23

1

8

15

22

29 30 31



Names of the Months and of the Days of the Week

From the practice of the Jews before the Babylonian Captivity, it seems probable that at first the months were simply numbered, not named. This is a clear and rational procedure and is found in the early Scriptures, so the Society of Friendsfelt called upon to use the Scriptural names of the days of the week and of the months instead of those names which are in

common use and which are, for the most part, derived from the names of pagan gods.Other religions (Christians, Jews and Muslims) as well as Friends have similar views on this subject. Richard Baxter, the

English non-conformist of the Seventeenth Century, said: "It were to be wished that the custom were changed of using thenames of week-days which idolators honored their idols with — as Saturday, Monday, and the rest. So for the months."

Friends did not object to the names "September," "October," "November," and "December," but objected to their usesince the months they name are no longer the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth months.

January was named for Janus, an old Roman god.

February was named from the Februa, the expiatory ceremonies which the Romans held in honor of their dead in thismonth.

March was named for the Roman god Mars, who, at the time of the naming of the month, was primarily a god of agriculture, the symbol of spring-time and youth. It was only after the artificial identification of Roman gods with Greek gods that Mars became the god of war, the counterpart of Ares.

April is derived from the same root as the Latin aperire, which means "to open". Thus April is the month of openingbuds and flowers.

May is of uncertain origin, perhaps from the Roman goddess Maia, or from maiores (the older).

June may have been named for the Roman goddess Juno, or from iuniores (the younger).

July, originally Quinctilis, was renamed for Julius Caesar, who was born in that month.

August, originally Sextilis, was chosen by the Roman emperor Augustus to be renamed in his honor because of the many fortunate events in his life that had occurred in that month.

The practice of naming the days of the week is derived from Egyptian astronomy. It did not become firmly established inour civilization until the time of Theodosius at the end of the Fourth Century C.E. Curiously enough, it was the Romancustom of lettering the successive days of a nundinum (a period of eight days, in addition to the current day) which gave riseto the modern custom in some Christian groups whereby the dominical letter is determined. The days of the week are

lettered from A to G, just as the Romans lettered the days of a nundinum from A to H. According to the Egyptian astronomers the sun and moon were planets and the order of the planets in terms of their

distance from the earth was as follows: Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, sun, Venus, Mercury, moon. One hour of each day,beginning with the first, was consecrated to each of these "planets". The whole day was consecrated to the planet to whichbelonged the first hour. If the first day be consecrated to the sun, to which belongs the first hour, then the first hour of thenext day will belong to the moon and the day will be the moon's day (Monday) and so on. After the cycle has beencompleted, the first hour of the eighth day will belong to the sun again, and it will again be the sun's day (Sunday).

Our names of the days of the week are derived from Anglo-Saxon names and these in turn are named for the Saxon gods who approximate to the Roman gods for whom the days were named. The Roman names have survived, to an extent, inSpanish, French, Italian and other languages derived from or greatly influenced by Latin.

The day of Mars was called the day of Tiw, the god of war (Tuesday).

The day of Mercury was called the day of Woden, chief of the gods, whose attributes corresponded more nearly to those

of the Roman Mercury than to those of Jupiter, chief of the Roman gods (Wednesday).The day of Jupiter, who was believed to hurl thunderbolts, was called the day of Thor, the god of thunder (Thursday).

The day of Venus was called the day of Frigg, queen of the gods, who was sometimes confused or identified with Freyiathe goddess of love (Friday).

The seventh day was still called the day of Saturn, the sower of seed (Saturday).

No doubt most Christians unthinkingly use these names, or else they use them merely in conformity to the generalcustom. Although general custom can, in the long run, determine the correctness of language and vocabulary, it cannotpass upon right and wrong. And so, some Christians still feel that the use of these names for months and days, derived asthey are from non-Christian sources, is inconsistent with the tenets of the Christian faith.

Published by the Tract Association of Friends, 1501 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1403

friends calendar 2012

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