FROM AACR2 to RDA(and a few things in between)

The history and context of RDA development

Jenny Stephens, National Library of Australia, October 2010

Revised 2012

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/

Overview

• From AACR2 to RDA, Part I: History and Context

• FRBR/FRAD

• From AACR2 to RDA, Part II: Structure

Overview

TODAY -

• History of RDA Development

• International context

1978

History of RDA

Why replace AACR2?• International Conference 1997

– Analysis of underlying structure of AACR2– Intellectual Content vs. Physical format

• Too much to just “amend” AACR2

History of RDAAACR3?

2004 proposal for AACR3:– Extensive revision of Part I of AACR2– Alignment with FRBR – Addition of a third section for authority control

• Constraints of working within existing AACR structure

BUT

History of RDA

2005 – new standard

• Built on the foundations of AACR2 BUT

• New structure and new emphasis• Designed for the digital world• Adaptable and flexible for the future

RDA

History of RDA

• Three parts:– Resource description– Provision of Access points– Formulation of data used for authority control

• Focused on user tasks• Independent of presentation/encoding standards• More user-friendly wording, layout and

formatting

RDA

FRBR/FRAD/FRSAD

MARC ISBD

RDA

International Cataloguing Principles

Metadata standards

Advances in Web Development

International Context

• Growth of shared cataloguing• Lower level cataloguing• Catalogues not meeting user needs• 1990- IFLA study to define the functional

requirements of bibliographic records

10

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data

FRBR/FRAD/FRSAD

[Source: Adapted from Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010]

11

• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (1998)

• Functional Requirements for Authority Data (2009)

• Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (2010)

• Ongoing review, eventual consolidation.

FRBR/FRAD/FRSAD

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data

[Source: Adapted from Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) , Catherine Argus, 2010]

Conceptual models– Identify & define the things that are important - entities– Identify & define the attributes that characterise the entities– Identify & define significant relationships between entities

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data

FRBR/FRAD

[Source: RDA : Resource description and access, Deirdre Kiorgaard. RDA information session for QUT students, August 31, 2010]

• Define bibliographic entities – resources, people, families, corporate bodies, and subjects

• List their attributes• Identify the relationships between the entities• Map to user tasks

13

FRBR/FRAD

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data

[Source: Adapted from: What you need to know about FRBR and FRAD when reading RDA, Pat Riva, May 2009]

• are not cataloguing rules• are not system models• do not prescribe how they might be implemented

14

FRBR/FRAD

Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data

[Source: Adapted from Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010]

• RDA uses FRBR and FRAD concepts, terms and user tasks

• RDA content and organisation reflect FRBR and FRAD– Attributes– Relationships

15

FRBR and RDA

FRBR/FRAD

[Source: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010]

16

Paris Principles 1961

• Achieved international standardisation

• Used as the basis of most cataloguing standards

BUT

• Covered only textual works

• Focused on choice and form of entries

International Cataloguing Principles

17

• All types of materials

• All aspects of bibliographic and authority data

• Built on FRBR Model

• Underlying principles of RDA

International Cataloguing Principles

International Cataloguing Principles 2009

18

International Cataloguing Principles 2009

Principles:• Convenience of users• Common usage• Representation• Accuracy• Sufficiency and necessity• Significance

International Cataloguing Principles

19

Principles (continued):

• Economy

• Consistency and standardisation

• Integration

http://www.ifla.org/publications/statement-of-intern

ational-cataloguing-principles

International Cataloguing Principles

International Cataloguing Principles 2009

20

International Standard Bibliographic Description (1971)

• Aims• Promotion of uniform bibliographic description• Facilitates shared cataloguing

• Determined• Required data elements• Sequence of elements• Prescribed punctuation

• Multiple ISBDs for different formats• AACR2 framework based on ISBD

ISBD

21

International Standard Bibliographic Description (2007)

• Aims unchanged

• Single consolidated ISBD that is format neutral

• Conformed to FRBR data elements

• Influenced RDA development, but do not dictate structure.

http://www.ifla.org/publications/ifla-series-on-bibliographic-co

ntrol-44

ISBD

BUT

22

• Machine Readable Code for catalogue data

• Based on layout of card catalogue

• Still the most widely used encoding standard in library systems.

• Developed beyond boundaries of AACR2

MARC

23

Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative

MARC

Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control (2008)

US RDA Test (2010)

MARC Standard insufficient for current and future needs

Bibliographic Framework Transition InitiativeProgress to date:• Consultation with Libraries, MARC users, MARBI and

other standards groups• Defined requirements for the new bibliographic

framework.• Contracted Zepheira to develop model(s) for

discussion within communityhttp://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/

24

MARC

World wide web of information

Metadata

standards

RDF

Semantic

web

Linked

Data

26

Developed and maintained by cultural and computer science sectors

Metadata standards

Developed for the National Science Digital Library (NSDL), now open to all metadata communities.

Registry for Application profiles

Defined a set of core metadata elements.

RDA on OMRhttp://metadataregistry.org/schema/list/page/3.html

27

ONIXSet of standards developed by Publishing industry

Metadata standards

• Books

• Serials

• Licensing terms and rights information

http://www.editeur.org/8/ONIX/

Semantic Web

Source: Video still from Intro to the Semantic Web by Manu Sporny http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGg8A2zfWKg

Semantic Web

Source: Video still from Intro to the Semantic Web by Manu Sporny http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGg8A2zfWKg

Semantic Web

• “Now! ....

That should

clear up a few

things around

here!”

Linked Data

1. Use URIs as names for things 2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those

names. 3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful

information, using the standards (RDF*, SPARQL) 4. Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover

more things. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

RDF

• Resource Description Framework (RDF)• Model for labelling and linking information

using URIs

http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#statements

Semantic Web and Linked Data

Source: Network visualisation, Ruth Park, AustLit (www.austlit.edu.au), 2002- [Retrieved 19/10/2012]

RDA Today

2010

– Published June 2010

– Free public trial of Toolkit

– Subscriptions available

– US National Testing, 2nd half 2010

2011 Full Report: Report and Recommendations of the U.S. RDA Test Coordinating Committee – Recommended implementation not before 2013,

pending• Rewording of text• Changes to the content of RDA• Significant progress towards replacing MARC

– US National Libraries accepted recommendations– LC, Canada, Britain and Australia agreed to a joint

implementation.

RDA Today

Where are we at now?• LC has announced a firm implementation date

of March 1, 2013.• LC has released revised training

documentation• Rewording of RDA text nearing completion• Progress towards replacement of MARC

continues.

RDA Today

In Australia• Training documentation has been developed

and key personnel throughout Australia have received training.

• National Library of Australia - rolling implementation beginning January 2013

• Libraries Australia ready to receive RDA records by early 2013.

RDA Today

At the National Library of Australia

• Staff training January-March 2013

• Policies

• System changes

• Update documentation

RDA Today

SourcesInternational Federation of Library Associations

www.ifla.orgJoint Steering Committee for the Development of RDA

www.rda-jsc.orgDublin Core Metadata Initiative

http://dublincore.org/Editeur

http://www.editeur.org/

Sources

Oliver, Chris, Introducing RDA : a guide to the basics (London, Facet Publishing, 2010)

Argus, Catherine, Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD). [Powerpoint presentation, 2010]

Kiorgaard, Deirdre, RDA : Resource description and access, [RDA information session for QUT students, August 31, 2010]

Sources

ACOC Websitehttp://www.nla.gov.au/acoc/resource-description-and-access-rda-in-australia

AcronymsRDA Resource Description and AccessJSC Joint Steering Committee for the Development of RDACOP Committee of Principals (JSC’s governing body)IFLA International Federation of Library AssociationsICP International Cataloguing Principles (2009)ISBD International Standard Bibliographic DescriptionFRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic RecordsFRAD Functional Requirements for Authority DataDCMI Dublin Core Metadata InitiativeBFTI Bibliographic Framework Transition InitiativeRDF Resource Description Framework

QUESTIONS?