from ancient to modern. if you had to pick one ocean or sea to explore which one would you pick and...
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From Ancient to Modern
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If you had to pick one ocean or sea to explore which one would you pick and why?
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DO NOW
Please write down some topics that you are considering for your oceanographic research paper, including a small outline of what you intend to cover.
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DO NOW
What would happen if all of the sharks disappeared from the ocean? List the chain of events.
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Marine History Paper
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PhoeniciansNavigators
and Merchants to England
Successful and Brave
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Greeks = Creative Minds
350 b.c. Aristotle Catalogue of Marine
Organisms 25 a.d. Pliny Currents and Moon Phases 135 a.d. Ptolemy First World Atlas
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Prince Henry Of PortugalSchool for navigationScholarly MonarchFocused on Scientific Principles
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Captain CookGreat Navigator
and DiscovererFound Hawaiian
Islands and many other Pacific Islands
Native of England
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Benjamin Franklin 1750
Charted the Gulf Stream
To increase postal service
To increase vessels speed
To gain advantage in war time
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Matthew Maury 1850Wrote Physical Geography of the SeaConsidered the first OceanographerHis data is still being used todayHe was the leader of the U.S.
National Ocean Survey which became the U.S. Navy
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Charles DarwinHMS Beagle 1850Classified, collected and studied
marine organismsThree year oceanic study by English
NavyDarwin discovered and drew new
species of animals from all over the world
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HMS Challenger 18703 ½ year studyFirst true research shipChallenger Reports = 50 volumesDiscovered the principle of Constant
Proportion and Manganese nodulesThompson = Leader, Natural HistoryMurray = Assistant, GeologistInformation is still currently used
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International ImpactInternational Co-operationNations share Oceanic ResearchFounding of Antarctic research
stations
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04/21/23 18South Pole Research Station Established
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Glomar Challenger Examples of Uses: Deep Sea drilling samples Seafloor spreading evidence Determine the age of our
Planet Discover Natural Resources
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Joides ResolutionVessel belongs to Texas A & M
UniversityTen year international studyStudy of the Earths Crust, fossils,
Sediments and Circulation
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Alvin played a pivotal role in Project FAMOUS (French-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study).
Along with the French submersibles Cyana and Archimede.
Alvin helped the French and American scientists confirm the theory of sea-floor spreading along the mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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Project Famous 1974Study of Plate TectonicsStudy of Hydrothermal ventsSensors (Echo Sounders) located in
the sternSatellite link to onboard computersAlvin allowed researchers to conduct
biological, chemical, geochemical, geological and geophysical studies.
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Alvin, Archimede and CyanaModern, smaller with safety escape
systemsGather current data on the oceans
depths or the benthic areaROV = Remotely Operated Vehicle is a
robot which is used by a submersible.ROV’s are unmanned, and can enter
more dangerous areas.
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BathyscapesTrieste = ExpensiveLarger, first types of SubmersiblesLarger Crew, slower and no escape
pod
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Fridtjof NansenJacques CousteauDr. Robert Ballard
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Research Vessel Fram ~ 1900Involved in Artic ResearchInvented the Nansen bottle which took
water from different depths to determine Salinity, Temperature and Organisms
From Norway as Zoologist and Statesman
He earned the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922
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Marine Explorer ~ concerned with life in the Oceans 1950’s ~ 1990’s
Environmentalist ~ Endangered Species
Biological Research Vessel CalypsoInvented SCUBA with Emile GagnonDocumentary TV Shows in the
1970’sFrench WWII Hero and Spy04/21/23 34
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Navel research OfficerMarine Geologist & director of
Wood’s HoleWrecks Found: Titanic Bismarch Lusitania WW II Ships Greek Vessels04/21/23 36
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Developed Better Submersible adaptations
Increased the knowledge of Plate tectonics
Studied Hydrothermal ventsDeveloped Project Jason
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Office of Naval ResearchScript’s Institute of OceanographyWood’s Hole Oceanographic Institute
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Research and Weather Prediction
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Research never Ends