“from governance to peacekeeping” (english)

8/12/2019 From Governance to Peacekeeping (English)

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Governance

o eace eep ng

12 August 09, Phnom Penh

Sophal Ear, PhD

Assistant Professor

National Security Affairs

US Naval Postgraduate School

E-mail: [email protected]

http://faculty.nps.edu/sear


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Table of ContentsPart 1: Governance

erm no ogy

Strategy

Part 2: Peacekeeping

Overview of trends inpeacekeeping

Current and future

challenges


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erminolo Resources Nation-State

Priorities Governance

Good governance

Rectangular Strategy

Vulnerable State

Fragile State

Failed State

Reform

Capacity-Building

Which terms do you recognize and can you define?


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White Papers 2000-2006


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Fragile states: A visualization Fragile states account for more than 1/4 of world's poor, receive less aid thanwarranted by economic, social needs

States can sli in and out of vulnerabilit and crisis ust as eo le can sli in and

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out of poverty

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Stable

DevelopmentStates

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Vulnerable

Fragile States

Crisis

Failed State?


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Part 2:

Peacekeeping

Drawn from Ellingsen (2007)


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Objective

peacekeeping


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United Nations Principle Organs

Cambodia: 14 Dec 1955

GENERAL

ASSEMBLYTRUSTEESHIPSECURITY

(192)COUNCIL(5+10)

USA

INTERNATIONALCOURT OF

JUSTICE

AND SOCIAL

COUNCILSECRETARIAT


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The SecretariatEXECUTIVE OFFICE OF

THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

OFFICE OF LEGAL AFFAIRSOFFICE OF INTERNAL

OVERSIGHT SERVICES

DEPARTMENTS INDEPENDENT OFFICES OVERSEAS OFFICES

Department of Political Affairs

Department for DisarmamentAffai rs

Office for the Coordination ofHumanitarian Affairs

Office of Less-DevelopedCountries

UN Office at Geneva

UN Office at Vienna

Department of Peacekeeping

Operations Department of Safety andSecurity

Office for Drug Control &Crime Prevention

UN Office at Nairobi

Department of Field Suppor t

epar men o conom c

Social Affairs

Department of GeneralAssembly Affairs &

Conference Services

Department of PublicInformation

Department of Management


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Department of Peacekeeping

Office of the Under-Public Affairs

pera ons

ecre ary- enera

Executive Office

Office of

Operations

Office of

Military Affairs

Office of Rule of

Law & Security

Institutions

Policy, Evaluation

& Training

Division

Af rica 1 Division

Current Military

Operations

Police Divis ion

Criminal Law &

Peacekeeping

Best Practices

Europe & Latin

America Division

Military Planning

Service

DDR Section

ntegrateTraining Service

Asia & Middle East

Division

Force Generation

ServiceMine Action

Service


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Department of Field SupportOffice of theUnder-Secretary-

GeneralSenior Leadership

Discipline UnitAppointment

SectionOffice of ASG

Field PersonnelDivision Field Budget & LogisticsSu ort Division Communication &Information

Technology Service

Operational

Support ServiceOperations

Section

Field Personnel

Operations

Budget &

Performance

Specialist

Support Service

Information

Systems SectionClaims and

Information

Service

Field Personnel

Specialist

ReportingService

Transportation

and Movement

Service

Management

Section

Support Service


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Five Surges in Activity20Number of Peacekeeping Missions 1948 - 2008

16

18

20

Surge IV: DRC, Liberia, Cote dIvoire, Burundi, Haiti,

Sudan(UNMIS)

Surge V: Chad-CAR, Sudan (Darfur

UNAMID)

10

12

14

Surge II: Rwanda, Somalia, Yugoslavia

Surge III: Sierra leone, Kosovo, Timor, Congo

6

8Surge I: Cambodia, El Salvador, Mozambique

20080

2

1 1

19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20


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Number of UN uniformed personnel


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UN Peacekeeping (2007)

Total number of personnel serving in 20 DPKO-led113 737113 737

Troops 77 804

Police 10 766

Military observers 2 479

Countries contributing uniformed personnel 120

International civilian personnel 5 769

12 988

oca c v an personne 12 988 UN Volunteers 2 022


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Financial Contributors


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Personnel

Cambodia sends 52

Peacekeepers to

Sudan June 2009


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When to Deploy?

Clear, Achievable Mandate

[ ]

Conducive Environment for Deployment

Support of the[ Regional Actors

Consent and a Peace to

keep[ ]


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Basic Principles of UNPKOs 1

Consent of the parties is anessential precondition andmust be constantly managed.Consent is a dynamic and

.

Impartiality: In the context of

PKOs impartiality means thatthe mandate must be appliedwithout favor or prejudice to

one or other of the parties.

Impartiality should not beconfused with neutrality


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Basic Principles of UNPKOs 2

Non use of force except in self-

defence and defence of the

mandate

PKOs can use force at the

tactical level with the

authorization of the Security

Council to defend themselves

and their mandate. Forceshould be used as a last

resort The use of force should

always be calibrated and

precise and should always

conform to the missions

Rules of Engagement


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Other Success Factors 1

Legitimacyegitimacy

International legitimacyis one of the key assets

of a UN peacekeeping

operation. The way in

conducts itself has a

profound impact on its

perceived legitimacy onthe ground.


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Credibilityredibility

A PKO deployed in avolatile environments is

likely to be tested

throughout its existence.

establish its credibility

from the outset.


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Promotion of national and

local ownership

UNPKOs should aim to help

States emerging from conflict

regain the ability to exercise

respect for international

norms and standards. Any

displacement of local capacityshould be kept to a minimum.

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Integration & Coordination

External Partners

UN Country Team

Integration

(UN System)

Mission Components


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When to Disengage?

No Exit withoutStrategy

Transition frompeace eep n osuccessive phases of UN

engagement factoredinto the planningprocess from the outset

benchmarks andindicators of progress


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Challenges for the Future of UNPeacekeeping 1 O erational over-stretch

and risk of a majormission failure

o ca over-s re c anneed for political support

to UN peacekeeping inparticular from keyMember States Securit Council

Contributors and theHost countries.


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Challenges for the Future of UNPeacekeeping 2 Integrated approach -

humanitarian, development

and security components

Making partnerships withother actors really work(Donors, IFIs, NGOs, Regional

Organisations) not just ashell game

Longer time perspective: UNMission in Sudan UNMIS)

envisaged mandate of sevenyears (Secretary-Generalsreport on the Sudan of 31anuary


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http://image61.webshots.com/61/9/97/94/2872997940050329343ZpqnSP_fs.jpg


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aru a e - . . m tary exerc se

http://www.army.mil/-images/2009/06/22/42449/


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Preah Vihear

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,

Assistant Professor

National Security Affairs

US Naval Post raduate School

E-mail: [email protected]

http://faculty.nps.edu/sear

“from governance to peacekeeping” (english)

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