*From Republic to Empire

*Roman Senate

*Classes of the Late Roman

Republic

*Patricians, Optimates*Equites*Cives*Foreign Citizens, Socii*Roman Slaves, Servi*Foreign Slaves from Conquered Nations

Dividing the Classes

Panem et circenses

*Revolts

*Crushing the Revolt

Spartacus, 1960

*Failed ReformsTiberius and Gaius Gracchus

*Lucius Cornelius Sulla 138-78 BCE

*Civil War

*The Dying Republic

First Triumvirate 60 -53 BCE

Caesar (100-44 BCE)

Crassus (115-53

BCE)

Pompey (106-48

BCE)

Second Triumvirat

e

Mark Anthony (83-30 BCE)

Octavian (63 BCE-

14 CE Marcus Lepidus (d. 13 BCE)

*Octavian Augustus (63 BCE – 14 CE)