From Republic to EmpireFrom Republic to Empire

History AliveHistory Alive

Chapter 34Chapter 34

IntroductionIntroduction

How Rome grows How Rome grows from a republic to a from a republic to a mighty empire.mighty empire.

The expansion took The expansion took place over 500 place over 500 years.years.

509 B.C.E. to 14 509 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.C.E.

From Republic to Empire:From Republic to Empire:First Period of ExpansionFirst Period of Expansion

First period of First period of Expansion Expansion happened in 509 happened in 509 B.C.E.B.C.E.

Romans kicked the Romans kicked the Etruscans out!Etruscans out!

From Republic to Empire:From Republic to Empire:Second Period of ExpansionSecond Period of Expansion

Rome fought the Rome fought the city of Carthage in city of Carthage in North Africa.North Africa.

The second period The second period of expansion was of expansion was from 264 to 146 from 264 to 146 B.C.E.B.C.E.

Rome gained Rome gained control of N. Africa, control of N. Africa, Spain, and Sicily.Spain, and Sicily.

From Republic to Empire:From Republic to Empire:Third Period of ExpansionThird Period of Expansion

From 145 to 44 From 145 to 44 B.C.E. B.C.E.

Rome came to rule Rome came to rule the entire the entire Mediterranean Mediterranean world.world.

Took control over Took control over Asia Minor, Syria, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt.Egypt.

Also Gaul (France).Also Gaul (France).

From Republic to Empire:From Republic to Empire:Fourth Period of ExpansionFourth Period of Expansion

Rome was an Rome was an empire.empire.

Augustus added Augustus added new territory.new territory.

At his height, the At his height, the Roman Empire Roman Empire stretched from stretched from Britain to the Black Britain to the Black Sea.Sea.

Rome’s Conquest of the Italian Rome’s Conquest of the Italian Peninsula, 509 to 264 B.C.E.Peninsula, 509 to 264 B.C.E.

Rome gradually Rome gradually took over the took over the Italian Peninsula in Italian Peninsula in 200 years of 200 years of fighting.fighting.

Rome continued to Rome continued to fight for new fight for new territory and to territory and to protect the protect the territory they territory they captured.captured.

As Rome’s Territory GrewAs Rome’s Territory Grew Each city had to keep Each city had to keep

a large permanent a large permanent army.army.

More Romans were More Romans were forced to serve in the forced to serve in the army.army.

Plebeians served in Plebeians served in the army.the army.

Conquered people had Conquered people had limited privileges.limited privileges.

Roman allies had to Roman allies had to pay Roman taxes.pay Roman taxes.

Overseas Expansion During the Overseas Expansion During the Punic Wars, 264 to 146 B.C.E.Punic Wars, 264 to 146 B.C.E.

Rome’s wars with Rome’s wars with Carthage are called Carthage are called the Punic Wars.the Punic Wars.

The First Punic War The First Punic War fought at sea.fought at sea.

Rome took over Rome took over the Island of Sicily.the Island of Sicily.

The Second Punic WarThe Second Punic War

It started 23 years It started 23 years later.later.

Carthaginians decided Carthaginians decided to attack Italy.to attack Italy.

Hannibal a brilliant Hannibal a brilliant Carthaginian general Carthaginian general marched across the marched across the Alps . His troops rode Alps . His troops rode elephants.elephants.

He fought the Romans He fought the Romans for 15 years.for 15 years.

HannibalHannibal

In 202 B.C.E. In 202 B.C.E. Hannibal returned Hannibal returned home to defend home to defend Carthage against a Carthage against a Roman army.Roman army.

He was defeated in He was defeated in battle.battle.

Carthage had to Carthage had to give up Spain give up Spain along with huge along with huge sums of money.sums of money.

What happens Next?What happens Next?

For 50 years there is For 50 years there is peace.peace.

Then Cato, a Roman Then Cato, a Roman Senator, demanded Senator, demanded the destruction of the destruction of Carthage.Carthage.

Third Punic war lasted Third Punic war lasted three years and three years and Carthage was burned Carthage was burned to the ground.to the ground.

After CarthageAfter Carthage

Riches and slaves Riches and slaves flowed into Rome flowed into Rome along with new along with new customs.customs.

Many new ideas Many new ideas came from Greece.came from Greece.

Greek homes and Greek homes and Greek temples.Greek temples.

Expansion During the Final Years Expansion During the Final Years of the Republic, 145 to 44 B.C.E.of the Republic, 145 to 44 B.C.E.

Roman conquests had Roman conquests had brought great wealth.brought great wealth.

More wars that cost More wars that cost money.money.

The Romans resented The Romans resented paying money.paying money.

Had to put down slave Had to put down slave revolts.revolts.

Rome was crowded.Rome was crowded. Farmers and laborers Farmers and laborers

did not have jobs.did not have jobs. The Republic The Republic

collapsed.collapsed.

Civil WarCivil War

Between two Between two generals Pompey generals Pompey and Julius Caesar.and Julius Caesar.

Both men wanted Both men wanted to control Rome.to control Rome.

Pompey had the Pompey had the support of the support of the Roman Senate.Roman Senate.

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

Was told not to enter Was told not to enter Italy with his army.Italy with his army.

He disobeyed.He disobeyed. On January 11, On January 11,

49B.C.E. he entered 49B.C.E. he entered the city.the city.

After three years of After three years of fighting he defeated fighting he defeated Pompey.Pompey.

Caesar was named Caesar was named dictator for life.dictator for life.

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

Had a vision of Had a vision of Rome.Rome.

He started colonies He started colonies and granted and granted citizenship.citizenship.

On March 15, 44 On March 15, 44 B.C.E. a group of B.C.E. a group of enemies stabbed enemies stabbed Caesar to death.Caesar to death.

Rome Becomes and Empire,Rome Becomes and Empire,44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.

Caesar’s murder Caesar’s murder began a civil war in began a civil war in Rome.Rome.

Octavian became Octavian became the absolute ruler the absolute ruler of Rome.of Rome.

The Senate gave The Senate gave him the name of him the name of Augustus meaning Augustus meaning honored.honored.

AugustusAugustus

Augustus Augustus encouraged encouraged education, art, and education, art, and literature.literature.

He repaired more He repaired more than 80 ruined than 80 ruined temples.temples.

Rome had a police Rome had a police force, fire fighters, force, fire fighters, and library.and library.

The Vast Empire Needed The Vast Empire Needed a Strong Economya Strong Economy

The Romans The Romans improved trade improved trade routes by building routes by building harbors, canals, harbors, canals, and roads.and roads.

Roman coins made Roman coins made trade easier.trade easier.

Pax RomanaPax Romana

Under Roman rule Under Roman rule there was mostly there was mostly peace for 200 peace for 200 years.years.

The EndThe End