System needs – now and the future

From System design to product catalogue

- System challenges and flexibility

Maja Lundbäck, Strategic Development

Content- Purpose: That you, as market actors, understand why

Svenska kraftnät must perform major changes due to system

challenges.

- Time: 30 min

- Target: Catch your understanding of system challenges and

why the power system the needs more flexibility

- How: Describe the connection from system level to component

level Systemdesign Product catalogue

Security of supply

Adequacy Operational security

Grid capacity

Production capacity

Observ-ability

Electrical units

Robust-ness

1. Balancing production and consumption

2. Maintain voltages throughout the power system

3. Control power flows and avoid congestions

4. Maintain the rotor angel stability

5. Restore the system after blackout

System operation shall be done to the lowest

achievable cost!

6. Adapt the control systems

The role of a TSO – System operation

F1 F2 F3

O3

R3 R4

Max: 7600 MWTransmission: 5555 MW

Max: 5500 MWTransmission: 3643 MW

1300 MW

F2: 1120 MWF3: 1167 MW

1400 MW

R3: 1065 MWR4: 1106 MW

2018-03-27 M. Lundbäck 4

F1 F2 F3

O3

R3 R4

Max: 7600 MWTransmission: 6150 MWÖverföring: 5555 MW

Max: 5500 MWÖverföring: 3650 MW

1600 MW1300 MW

F2: 1120 MWF3: 1167 MW

1300 MW ?

R3: 1065 MWR4: 1106 MW

Max: 3860 MWTransmission:3650 MW

1400 MW

2018-03-27 M. Lundbäck 5

System state: Alert 9/5 2018

2019-04-03

50,1 Hz, ca 1 h

Operational security: power system connections capabilities contributes > System challenges in the Nordic power system are changing the

technical characteristics

> Svk needs to be more active to maintain and monitor the technical boundaries and

keep the system in normal state

> The system needs to adapt to the “new normal” – flexibility is

needed

> Technical abilities from all connecting parties in the system: producers, grids and

consumers

Electricity Market

Electricity Market

Electricity Market

New system characteristics:- Low inertia system- Balancing – more weather dependent

power producers

Security of supply

Adequacy Operational security

Grid capacity

Production capacity

Observ-ability

Electrical units

Robust-ness

Frequency Voltage Power

Increased need of flexibility:

Normal state

System-parameters

intact

Example: Capability to handle N-1

fault

Alert state

System-parameters still intact

Example:No capability to handle N-1

fault

Emergencystate

System-parameters

outside security limits

Example:Activationof system

defence plan

Blackout state

At least 50 % loss of

demand

Example:System not

intact

Restoration state

Rebuilding the system

Example:Activation of restoration

plan

System states (A18 SO GL)

- The power system defence in depth

Connection requirements – the foundation of system operation

> Svk are obligated to set up connection

requirements, together with Europe's

TSOs

> The requirements states the technical

abilities required for operational security

> The requirements needs to align with the

design and use of remedial actions and

ancillary services

> Applicable for all system states!

System stability

Frequency/ power adjustment

Voltage

Rotor angle

Feature provided from

NPPActive power

Inertia

Reactive power

Synchronism Damping

Part of power plant

Core Turbine

Generator Voltage control

Turbine PSS/voltage control

Tools: Ancillary services, remedial actions and system defence actions

-Aims to keep the power system in

normal state or bring it back to normal state

AS: Market based, aims to keep the system in normal state

RA: Actions to keep the system in normal state

RA: Actions to take the system back to normal state

SD: Actions to protect the system from blackout

Ancillary services and remedial actions – tools for flexibility

Example of operational security limits and robustness - Frequency

5049,949,75

49,5

50,150,25

50,5

f (Hz)

t5 min 15 minnormal

alert

emergency

49,0

51,0

60 s

60 s

48,8

51,2“Tools” :1) Normal state – ancillary services

FFR, FCR and FRR market based ancillary serveries

1) Alert state – remedial actionssame abilities as normal state, but different response and activation req.

3) Emergency state – system defence LFSM-O and LFSM-U LFDD (AFK)

Criteria for changing system states:

Observ-ability

Electrical units

Robust-ness

Ancillary services and remedial actions – tools for flexibilityAn example of future classification:

Market based ancillary service

Remedial actions procured in competition

Remedial action not procured in competition

Remedial actions as a connection requirement

Market based Non-market based,but right to financial compensation

Non-marked based and no financial compensation

Ancillary services and remedial actions – tools for flexibility. An example of future classification:

• FFR,• FCR-N, FCR-D, • mFRR, aFRR

• Over/under frequency(balancing)

• Counter trade• Strategic reserves

Supportive resources

Market based ancillary service

Remedial actions procured in competition

Frequency

Voltage

Power

Remedial actions as a connection requirement

• Voltage regulations (grid and prod)

• Disconnection of power lines (grid)

• Tap changing (grid)

Dynamic voltage regulations from

producers

• Limitation of contingency

(Transient frequency stability)

• Re-dispatch• Supportive power

(HVDC)0

• LFSM-U/-O• LFDD

• MDD

0

Remedial action not procured in competition

Implement change – roles and responsibilities

Direktive2009/72/EG

common rules

Regulations 714/2009

”Connection”3 st

RfG

National regulations

HVDC

National regulations

DCC

National regulations

”Operations” 3 st

SO ER RiP

”Market”3 st

EB CACM FCA

Electricityact

Regulations Transparency REMIT

Article: 2, 12, Chapter 8

Article: 2, 4, 11, 13-16, 30-43

SO: 2, 18-39, 54,55, 108,109

ER: all

NPP and flexibility > Historical: design and construction of Sweden's NPPs was done between 1960-1980 and flexible

operation was performed

> Changing power system characteristics and requirements and introduction of the energy market – optimization for

base load operation

> Handling changes: Knowledge is the key

> NPP report

> New normal and NPPs: Focus on NPPs abilities

> R&D projects

> Implementation projects; Inertia 2018/2019, Measures to handle over-frequency etc.

Frequency

Voltage

Power

4

4-84

83

3

16

> Ancillary services and remedial actions are tools to keep the power system in normal state

> Market, Market based and non-market based….?

> New ancillary services and remedial actions need to be justified from operational security perspective

> Include, involve and open up for more types of producers and consumers

> Less margins “smaller box” - Svk needs to “step in”

> System responsibility 2.0 – more interaction with stakeholders

> Enhanced openness and transparency – system challenges affects the whole system!

Conclusions – managing system challenges

Security of supply

Adequacy Operational security

Grid capacity

Production capacity

Observ-

ability

Electrical

units

Robust-

ness

Electricity Market

Electricity Market

Electricity Market