Project GCP/SRL/059/EC

Enhancing food security and nutrition among the most vulnerable farm families in eastern

Sri Lanka

PESTS OF GAUVA

Sucks sap from leaves and produces honey dew

Gauva White Fly

Laid underside of leaves.

White colour found in masses on under side of leaves

Leaves turn black due to sooty mould fungus on honey dew secreted by the white fly & nymphs. Reduction of fruit set

White clour

•Maggots feeds on the pulp•Fruits fall down overnight & unfit for human consumption.

Gauva Fruit Fly

ControlCollection and destruction of fallen fruits. Bait for flies or bait spray Residue - 10 –day interval for harvesting.

* Dacus dorsalis also attacks gauva

Gauva Mealy Bug Gauva scale insect

PESTS OF MANGO

Sucks sap from tender leaves and inflorescence

Mango Brown Hopper

Singly in tissues of young leaves, shoots, flower stalks, unopened leaves.

Hide under the leaves and in cracks in the bark

Flowers & buds dry up & drop. Reduction of fruit set & premature fall of fruits Flower stalks & leaves become sticky due to honey dew secreted by the hoppers. Sooty mould fungus develops on the honey dew areas and the leaf & inflorescence show dark colour powder on them

Brown colour hopper

Sucks sap from tender leaves and injects toxic saliva

Mango Green Hopper

Singly in tissues of young leaves, shoots,

Hide under the leaves

Leaf tips turn into brown colour and get crinkled.

Green colour hopper

Eggs are laid in small clusters of 2 -15 eggs just beneath the skin of the fruit 1- 4 mm deep.

Maggots grow feeding on the pulp

Pupates in the soil

Dark brown fly with hyaline wings & yellow legs

Mango Fruit Fly

• Adults oviposition puncture on the fruit serves as entry to fermenting organisms• Maggots destroy and convert the pulp into a bad smelling, discoloured semi-liquid mass unfit for use.• Fruits develop brown rotten patches ob them and fall to the ground.

Control: Collection & destruction promptly of infested fruitsSpraying bait sprays.

Laid just under the rind of the ripening fruit.Oviposition puncture heals & remains as a dark minute spot.

Larva tunnels its way straight into the stone wherein it grows feeding on the internal contents.

Pupates inside the stone

Stout built dark brown weevilFound inside the stone of the fruit

Mango Stone Weevil

Adults emerging out of the pupae remain inside the stone till they are thrown away after the consumption of the pulp. Weevils remain hidden in the crevices on the tree trunks till the next fruiting season.

Control:: •Bagging of fruits•Destruction of fallen fruits

Laid singly within minute holes bitten on the lower sides of tender leaves

Grub mines the leaves

Pupates in an oval chamber within the mine

Minute jumping weevil with thick hind femora

Mango Leaf Mining Weevil

•Damage to tender leaves by larva mining within them• Adults scrape the leaf surface• Leaves show brown margins and finally crumble and dry up

One egg laid in each leaf roll

Grub feeds within the leaf tissues in the leaf roll

Pupates in the leaf roll

Medium size, reddish brown weevil with long snout

Mango Leaf Twisting Weevil

•Cuts & twists the mango leaves into neat thimble-shaped structure• Serous in the nursery.• Attacks Jak and Jambu navel.

Adult bores its way out of the roll

Scale Insect in mango Mealy bugs in mango

Mealy bug infested twig

Females entering soil for oviposition

Scale infested leaf

Natural enemies of scale insect

PESTS OF BANANA

Sucks sap from stem & transmits virus causing bunchy top disease.

Banana Aphid

Brownish colour & black veined wings

Lives in colonies within the leaf axils, on tender leaves and at base of culm at ground level

Laid in small burrows on the root stock or within leaf sheath just above the ground.

Yellowish Apodous grub with reddish head. Bores into the rhizome and tunnels within it.

Pupates within a chamber made near the outer surface of the rhyzome.

Stout reddish brown weevil

Banana Root Weevil

•Central shoot is killed & plant shows premature withering•Leaves become scarce•Fruits become undersized•Suckers are killed.

Adult tunnels within the stem feeding on the internal tissues

Laid in stem

Tunnels within the pseudostem in all directions

Pupates within the pseudostem.

Stout reddish brown and black weevil

Banana Stem Weevil

• Plant dies when t he heart of the stem is damaged.• Secondary infection by fermentation & decay

Adult tunnels within the stem feeding on the internal tissues

PESTS OF POMEGRANATE

Laid singly on flower or on tender fruits

Bores into the fruit where the rind is thin & soft. Dark brown colour and light

patches and short hairs on the body

Larva comes out , secures the stalk of the fruit to the stem

with a silky secretion returns inside the fruit & pupates.

Pupation can take place outside the fruit

also.

Violet brown colour

Pomegranate Fruit Borer

•Larva feeding causes 40 % to 90 % damage to the fruits

Control : Check for eggs & destroy manually.Bagging of flowers & fruits.

Squirrel attack in Pomegranate

PESTS OF LIME/SWEET ORANGE

Single eggs attached to leaves & twigs

Larva enters the leaf tissues and start s mining

Full grown larva pupates in a leaf curl

at the leaf margin within a silver

cocoon.

Tiny silvery white moth with fringed wings

Citrus Leaf Miner

• Injury is caused by the larva mining the leaves• Mined leaves turn pale and curl up

Control : Prompt pruning to remove and destroy infested leaves.

Laid singly ( 1 – 3) on leaves

Caterpillar grows feeding on the leaves. Early stages caterpillar brownish to black colour with white patches. Later stages, caterpillar is stout & greenish colour.

Pupa on plant, The chrysalis being attached to the plant by its tail and held with a silken girdle.

Black & yellow swallow tail butter fly

Citrus Butterfly

• Caterpillar causes defoliation of leaves. Svedling & young plants suffer most.

Control : Collecting & destroying the caterpillar

When disturbed the caterpillar pushes out from the top of its prothorax a ‘Y’ structure which emits a distinct smell.

Adults & nymphs sucks sap from leaves, stem & fruits

Papaw Mealy BugSoft yellow body covered by white powdery secretion

Found on underside of leaves & fruits

Egg mass is covered by an outer shell

1st instar crawls to other plants

Found on underside of leaves & fruits

•Plant growth affected by toxic saliva injected during sucking sap process.• Due to the honey dew produced by the insects sooty mould develops causing b lack appearance on the leaves & fruits

Laid singly on flower or on tender fruits

Pink larva with black warts and bristly hairs bores into the tender shoots, flower buds & young fruits.

Pupation on the fruit

Dirty white moth with brown wavy markings

Jak Fruit Borer

• Larva causes damage to fruits and fruit quality is affected.

Control : Bagging of fruitsDust the fruit with BHC dust

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