Fruit Production and Export in

China

Xiuxin Deng

College of Hort. & Forestry

Huazhong Agricultural University

Wuhan, Hubei 430070

P.R.China

The Present Situation of Fruit

Production

• China produced 15.2% of the world total

fruits in 2003;

• The No. one producer of apple, and pear

accounting for 35.5% and 53.1% of the

world total volume respectively.

• No. 2 producer of citrus fruit, with 16 MMT,

about 16% of the world production.

Fruit production in Chinafrom 1980 to 2004

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appleappleappleapple citruscitruscitruscitrus pearpearpearpear othersothersothersothers

Fruit Production and Export in

China from 1980 to 2004

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Percentage

Fruits total

Export (%)

Categories of Fruits in China(2004)

AppleAppleAppleApple28.2%28.2%28.2%28.2%

CitrusCitrusCitrusCitrus17.8%17.8%17.8%17.8%

PearPearPearPear12.7%12.7%12.7%12.7%

PeachPeachPeachPeach8.4%8.4%8.4%8.4%

BananaBananaBananaBanana7.2%7.2%7.2%7.2%

OthersOthersOthersOthers15.7%15.7%15.7%15.7%

其他其他其他其他19.0%19.0%19.0%19.0%

grapegrapegrapegrape6.8%6.8%6.8%6.8%

LycheeLycheeLycheeLychee1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%

pineapplepineapplepineapplepineapple1.0%1.0%1.0%1.0%Kiwi fruitKiwi fruitKiwi fruitKiwi fruit

0.5%0.5%0.5%0.5%

The Composition of Fruit

Production in China

28.228.228.228.2

17.817.817.817.8

12.712.712.712.7

41.341.341.341.3

0000

5555

10101010

15151515

20202020

25252525

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35353535

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45454545

1980198019801980 1990199019901990 2000200020002000 2004200420042004

AppleAppleAppleApple CitrusCitrusCitrusCitrus

PearPearPearPear OthersOthersOthersOthers

1. The Work in the Past 5 Years

for Fruit Industry

1.1 The Government Policies

Enhanced the Fruit Production

• The shifting of ‘Special crops taxi (12%)’ to

‘Agricultural taxi (6%)’ in 2003; and the latter has

been decreased gradually to final cancellation in

2006.

• 5 years ago, the policy of “give up growing staple

crops for growing trees” including fruit trees in

the hilly and mountainous areas by compensation

to the farmers who are the owners of these kinds

of land.

Fruit Production and Export in

China from 1980 to 2004

0

10000

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Percentage

Fruits total

Export (%)

1.2 State Developing Plans of

Fruits

• In 2002, national developing plan for apple

and citrus, and recently for pear.

• The plans have guided the investors and

concentrated the producing areas.

Wuhan

20 N

30 N

40 N

33 N

1.3 Processing of Fruits Has

Increased

• Apple juice, a total of more than 650

thousands MT concentrate apple juice was

exported in 2006.

• Citrus canned segments 300 thousands

export in 2006.

• Others such as pineapple, peach and kiwi

fruits are minors.

Apple Juice company in Shanxi province

1.4 The Improvement of Fruit

Quality

• Decreasing the density to improve the

micro-environment in the orchards.

• Bio-controlling and physical-controlling the

insects

– Predators of the mites

– Growing other plants to help the predators of

the insects

– Using the special light in the evening to attract

the insects

二年生果园二年生果园二年生果园二年生果园

Navel orange orchard in Jiangxi province

Bagging the Fruits

• Mainly in apple, pear, banana, minorly in

loquat, lychee and pummelo for tender and

more shining out-appearance, and also for

protecting fruits from getting pesticides.

1.5 Extending the Supply Time

of Fresh Fruits• Extending the supply times by varieties, late and

early ripening cultivars

• Early marketing by technology such as in the

protected plastic-houses for peach and cherry etc.

• Late-harvest technology by hanging the fruits in

the tree in special areas for citrus, and prolonging

the harvest in the plastic-houses for citrus

Late ripening citrus cultivar ‘Nianju’ tangerine in Guangdong is harvest in April

‘Fengjie late navel’ orange, 2 months

later than the original cultivar

Fengjie 72-1, was released in 2005

The hanging the fruits on the trees technique

prolonged the harvest time in navel orange

Satsuma mandarin in plastic house for late harvest

5 cm

Both color and ripening season

mutants of navel oranges

Pink flesh Deep orange flesh and early

ripeningNormal one

1.6 Post-harvest Treatments

• A lot of packinghouses have been set up

recently. The capacity of post-harvest has

increased sharply and arrived for 15% of the

total production in Citrus, and more than

20% for apple.

Packinghouse for apple in Shanxi province

1.7 Organizations for the Industry

and for the farmers

• Bureau of provincial and local government

for fruit industry

• Farmer organizations for fruit production or

for fruit industry

1.8 The Technology Supporting

Facilities

• National breeding (improving) centers for

apple and for citrus have been set up

• The virus-free centers of main fruit fruits

were also invested in the past years

• The bud-wood and propagation system for

apple, citrus and other fruits were

established also in the past 5 years

国家果树脱毒中心

2. Fruit Export and Import of

China in CY2005

Fruit/ Fruit-product Export

Outlook of China in 2005

2,037,0142,037,0142,037,0142,037,014

505,929505,929505,929505,929

703,629703,629703,629703,629

401,462401,462401,462401,462

0%0%0%0%

20%20%20%20%

40%40%40%40%

60%60%60%60%

80%80%80%80%

100%100%100%100%Other processedOther processedOther processedOther processedfruitsfruitsfruitsfruits

Fruit Juice Fruit Juice Fruit Juice Fruit Juice

Canned fruits Canned fruits Canned fruits Canned fruits

Fresh FruitsFresh FruitsFresh FruitsFresh Fruits

A total of 3.6 millions MT fruits/fruit products was exported in 2005 from China

Fresh Fruits Export from China

in 2005, a total of about 2 MMT

Other fruitsOther fruitsOther fruitsOther fruits

15.1%15.1%15.1%15.1%

PineapplePineapplePineapplePineapple

0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%

CitrusCitrusCitrusCitrus

22.9%22.9%22.9%22.9%

AppleAppleAppleApple

40.5%40.5%40.5%40.5%

PearPearPearPear

18.1%18.1%18.1%18.1%

GrapeGrapeGrapeGrape

1.0%1.0%1.0%1.0%Kiwi fruitKiwi fruitKiwi fruitKiwi fruit

0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%

BananaBananaBananaBanana

1.2%1.2%1.2%1.2%PeachPeachPeachPeach

0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%

Fruit Juice Export from ChinaAbout 700 thousands MT in 2005

CitrusCitrusCitrusCitrus0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%

GrapeGrapeGrapeGrape0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%

PineapplePineapplePineapplePineapple0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%

AppleAppleAppleApple98.5%98.5%98.5%98.5%

Canned Fruits Export from China

About 500 Thousands MT in CY 2005

PineapplePineapplePineapplePineapple

13.8%13.8%13.8%13.8%

CitrusCitrusCitrusCitrus

57.3%57.3%57.3%57.3%

PearPearPearPear

6.6%6.6%6.6%6.6%

PeachPeachPeachPeach

14.7%14.7%14.7%14.7%

Other fruitsOther fruitsOther fruitsOther fruits

4.4%4.4%4.4%4.4%PeachPeachPeachPeach

3.3%3.3%3.3%3.3%

The Export Destinations of

Fruit/Fruit Products from China

AsiasAsiasAsiasAsias

58.1%58.1%58.1%58.1%NorthNorthNorthNorth

AmericaAmericaAmericaAmerica

16.1%16.1%16.1%16.1%

OceaniaOceaniaOceaniaOceania1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%

SouthSouthSouthSouthAmericaAmericaAmericaAmerica

0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%

AfricaAfricaAfricaAfrica

0.5%0.5%0.5%0.5%

EuropeEuropeEuropeEurope23.2%23.2%23.2%23.2%

OthersOthersOthersOthers

42.0%42.0%42.0%42.0%

ASEANASEANASEANASEAN

28.8%28.8%28.8%28.8%

EUEUEUEU

13.1%13.1%13.1%13.1%

NAFTANAFTANAFTANAFTA

16.1%16.1%16.1%16.1%

A total of 3.65 million MT of fruits/ fruit production was exported in CY 2005 in China

The main export destinations of fruits and fruit products fromChina for CY2005

USA13.4%

Japan10.9%

Russia9.7%

Vietnam8.9%

Hong kong6.9%

Indonesia5.7%

Malaysia5.7%

Germany4.7%

Netherlands4.1%

Thailand3.4%

Philippines3.2%

Canada2.7%

others20.6%others

38.8%

Destinations of Citrus Export in

CY2005

ThailandThailandThailandThailand

0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%

BelgiumBelgiumBelgiumBelgium

0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%

North KoreaNorth KoreaNorth KoreaNorth Korea

0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%

NetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlands

0.8%0.8%0.8%0.8%

FranceFranceFranceFrance

0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%

CanadaCanadaCanadaCanada

7.2%7.2%7.2%7.2%

othersothersothersothers

1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%

MacaoMacaoMacaoMacao

0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%

Kyrgyz StanKyrgyz StanKyrgyz StanKyrgyz Stan

0.6%0.6%0.6%0.6%

SingaporeSingaporeSingaporeSingapore

2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%

PhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippines

9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%

IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia

9.5%9.5%9.5%9.5%

Hong KongHong KongHong KongHong Kong

11.8%11.8%11.8%11.8%

MalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysia

17.3%17.3%17.3%17.3%

VietnamVietnamVietnamVietnam

27.4%27.4%27.4%27.4%

RussiaRussiaRussiaRussia

10.5%10.5%10.5%10.5%

Destinations of Apple Export

from China in CY2005

0000 20202020 40404040 60606060 80808080 100100100100 120120120120 140140140140

RussiaRussiaRussiaRussiaVietnamVietnamVietnamVietnam

IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesiaPhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippinesPhilippinesKazakhstanKazakhstanKazakhstanKazakhstan

ThailandThailandThailandThailandMalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysiaMalaysia

Kyrgyz StanKyrgyz StanKyrgyz StanKyrgyz StanBangladeshBangladeshBangladeshBangladeshHong KongHong KongHong KongHong KongSingaporeSingaporeSingaporeSingapore

North KoreaNorth KoreaNorth KoreaNorth KoreaMongoliaMongoliaMongoliaMongolia

NetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlandsNepalNepalNepalNepal

Sri LankaSri LankaSri LankaSri LankaSaudi-ArabicSaudi-ArabicSaudi-ArabicSaudi-Arabic

U.E.AU.E.AU.E.AU.E.ASpainSpainSpainSpain

PakistanPakistanPakistanPakistanIndiaIndiaIndiaIndia

EnglandEnglandEnglandEngland

Thousand MT

Fruit/Fruit-products Import in

China in 2005 (MT)

984,158984,158984,158984,158

5,1935,1935,1935,19368,85368,85368,85368,853 86,84786,84786,84786,847

0000

500,000500,000500,000500,000

1,000,0001,000,0001,000,0001,000,000

FreshFreshFreshFreshFruitsFruitsFruitsFruits

CannedCannedCannedCannedfruitsfruitsfruitsfruits

FruitFruitFruitFruitJuiceJuiceJuiceJuice

OtherOtherOtherOtherprocessedprocessedprocessedprocessedfruitsfruitsfruitsfruits

A total of 1.15 MMT of fruit/fruit products was import in China in CY2005

Fresh Fruits Import in China in

2005 (MT)

0000

50,00050,00050,00050,000

100,000100,000100,000100,000

150,000150,000150,000150,000

200,000200,000200,000200,000

250,000250,000250,000250,000

300,000300,000300,000300,000

350,000350,000350,000350,000

400,000400,000400,000400,000

Banana

Banana

Banana

Banana

Other

Other

Other

Other

fruits

fruits

fruits

fruits

Pineapple

Pineapple

Pineapple

Pineapple

Citrus

Citrus

Citrus

Citrus

Grape

Grape

Grape

Grape

Kiwi

Kiwi

Kiwi

Kiwi

fruit

fruit

fruit

fruit

Apple

Apple

Apple

Apple

Pear

Pear

Pear

Pear

Peach

Peach

Peach

Peach

The Supplies of Fruit/Fruit

Products for China in CY2005)

AsiasAsiasAsiasAsias74.6%74.6%74.6%74.6%

EuropeEuropeEuropeEurope9.8%9.8%9.8%9.8%

OceaniaOceaniaOceaniaOceania2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%

South AmericaSouth AmericaSouth AmericaSouth America10.4%10.4%10.4%10.4%

North AmericaNorth AmericaNorth AmericaNorth America1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%

AfricaAfricaAfricaAfrica1.0%1.0%1.0%1.0%

AfricaAfricaAfricaAfrica1.0%1.0%1.0%1.0%

North AmericaNorth AmericaNorth AmericaNorth America1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%

OtherOtherOtherOther16.6%16.6%16.6%16.6%

ASEANASEANASEANASEAN70.5%70.5%70.5%70.5%

NAFTANAFTANAFTANAFTA0.9%0.9%0.9%0.9%

EUEUEUEU9.6%9.6%9.6%9.6%

The Balance of Fruit Export/Import

of China in CY2005

0000

500500500500

1,0001,0001,0001,000

1,5001,5001,5001,500

2,0002,0002,0002,000

2,5002,5002,5002,500

ExportExportExportExport Import Import Import Import

Other processedOther processedOther processedOther processedfruitsfruitsfruitsfruits

Fruit Juice inFruit Juice inFruit Juice inFruit Juice insubtotalsubtotalsubtotalsubtotal

Canned fruits inCanned fruits inCanned fruits inCanned fruits insubtotalsubtotalsubtotalsubtotal

Fresh Fruits inFresh Fruits inFresh Fruits inFresh Fruits insubtotalsubtotalsubtotalsubtotal

Million $

The trade surplus is 1.4

billion US $

3. Promoting the Export of Fruits

Factors Affecting the

Competitiveness of Fruits

Ripening and

marketing seasons

Outer and inter Quality

Convenience

Costs/prices

Culture components

(certificates, brands etc

Quantity

Breeding/cultivars

Culture practices

Product exploring plans

Post-harvest techniques

Promoting the Export

• Bi- and multi- lateral agreements benefits

each other and promotes the optimizations

of the resources

– The Sino-Thailand, Sino-other countries in

ASEAN of no-tariff agreements for

fruits/vegetables

• Farmer organization

Promoting the Export

• Adopting the good agricultural practice in

fruit production

• Establish of no-infected areas of quarantine

pests/diseases

Thank you for your attentions